82 不同类型的变量的存储和更新-CSDN博客

前言

这也是一个老生常谈的问题

呵呵不同类型的变量都存放在哪些地方

这里主要列一下常见的几种变量

初始化过的静态变量, 未初始化的静态变量, 初始化过的局部变量, 为初始化过的局部变量, malloc 分配的变量

这里来探究一下它们具体存放的地方, 以及一些特征

测试用例

测试用例如下, 主要是上述一些变量的定义和简单使用

#include "stdio.h"

void beforeFoo();
void foo();

int main() {

    beforeFoo();
    foo();
    foo();
    foo();
    return 0;

}

void beforeFoo() {
    int x = 10043;
    int y = x + 12;
    int z = y + 13;
    int w = z + 14;
    int d = w + 15;

    printf(" x = %d, y = %d, z = %d, w = %d, d = %d \n", x, y, z, w, d);
    printf(" x = 0x%x, y = 0x%x, z = 0x%x, w = 0x%x, d = 0x%x \n", &x, &y, &z, &w, &d);
    printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

void foo() {
    static int varInStaticInited = 3;
    static int varInStaticUnInited;
    int varInStackInited = 4;
    int varInStackUnInited;
    int *varInMalloc = (int *) malloc(10);

    varInStaticInited++;
    varInStaticUnInited++;
    varInStackInited++;
    varInStackUnInited++;
    *varInMalloc = 99;

    printf(" varInStaticInited = %d, varInStaticUnInited = %d, varInStackInited = %d, varInStackUnInited = %d, varInMalloc = %d \n",
           varInStaticInited, varInStaticUnInited, varInStackInited, varInStackUnInited, *varInMalloc);
    printf(" varInStaticInited = 0x%x, varInStaticUnInited = 0x%x, varInStackInited = 0x%x, varInStackUnInited = 0x%x, varInMalloc = 0x%x \n",
           &varInStaticInited, &varInStaticUnInited, &varInStackInited, &varInStackUnInited, varInMalloc);
    printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

编译执行结果如下

可以看出的是一些如下结论, 从各个变量的值来看

varInStaticInited 的数据初始化为3, 一直在累增

varInStaticUnInited 初始化为默认的0, 一直在累增

varInStackInited 初始化为5, 每进入 foo 函数, 会初始化一次

varInStackUnInited 初始化为未知值, 每进入 foo 函数在原来的未知值的基础上面加1

varInMalloc 初始化为 99, 每进入 foo 函数, 会初始化一次

从各个变量的地址来看

varInStaticInited 和 varInStaticUnInited 是放在 Test21DiffVars 的某个段, 从这里看着貌似是相邻的, 可能在同一个段

varInStackInited, varInStackUnInited 相邻, 均是在当前 foo 函数的栈帧空间

varInMalloc 是分配在 heap, 由 brk 系统调用进行分配空间, malloc 二次管理

root@ubuntu:~/Desktop/linux/HelloWorld# ./Test21DiffVars
 x = 10043, y = 10055, z = 10068, w = 10082, d = 10097
 x = 0xdc273d54, y = 0xdc273d58, z = 0xdc273d5c, w = 0xdc273d60, d = 0xdc273d64
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 varInStaticInited = 4, varInStaticUnInited = 1, varInStackInited = 5, varInStackUnInited = 10069, varInMalloc = 99
 varInStaticInited = 0x601050, varInStaticUnInited = 0x601058, varInStackInited = 0xdc273d58, varInStackUnInited = 0xdc273d5c, varInMalloc = 0x20f8420
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 varInStaticInited = 5, varInStaticUnInited = 2, varInStackInited = 5, varInStackUnInited = 10070, varInMalloc = 99
 varInStaticInited = 0x601050, varInStaticUnInited = 0x601058, varInStackInited = 0xdc273d58, varInStackUnInited = 0xdc273d5c, varInMalloc = 0x20f8440
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 varInStaticInited = 6, varInStaticUnInited = 3, varInStackInited = 5, varInStackUnInited = 10071, varInMalloc = 99
 varInStaticInited = 0x601050, varInStaticUnInited = 0x601058, varInStackInited = 0xdc273d58, varInStackUnInited = 0xdc273d5c, varInMalloc = 0x20f8460
-------------------------------------------------------------------