nginx配置微服务的网关和负载均衡

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已于 2022-12-07 14:21:57 修改

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分类专栏： nginx java养成系列 DevOps养成文章标签：微服务 java nginx

于 2021-11-17 18:41:48 首次发布

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本文介绍如何使用Nginx配置上游服务器作为微服务网关，并实现负载均衡。通过具体配置示例，详细解释了如何设置上游服务器、补充转发时丢失的host信息等问题，确保API接口和页面访问正常。

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nginx配置微服务的网关和负载均衡

利用Nginx配置上游服务器

配置位置：[http块]配置upstream：

nginx.conf源文件：

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

拿出http块代码：

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    
    ######配置聚焦看这里  
    ##上游服务器组 整个组起名字 servername
    upstream servername{
        
        ##每个服务器试用server标签 写上服务地址
        ##微服务网关gateway的访问 这里不要写http 直接ip:port
        server 192.168.31.173:88;
            
    }

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

修改server块反向配置（负载均衡）：

server块代码：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name   gulimall1.com *.gulimall1.com;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

    #######修改聚焦 看这里
    location / {
        ###上游服务器组 整个组起名字 servername
    	proxy_pass   http://servername;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

备注：
server_name gulimall1.com *.gulimall1.com; 反向代理多个域名写法

与server对应的gateway网关的配置路由配置文件application.yml：

    ## 增加gateway的路由规则  **.xxx.com 任意子域名定向访问值nacos的nacosServerName服务
        - id: host_route
          uri: lb://nacosServerName
          predicates:
            - Host=**.xxx.com,xxx.com
            
       断言规则：复杂的靠前写，简单的往后写。放置覆盖

坑点：接口通讯而页面没有成功。

至此api接口可以通讯！但是页面不能正常访问。

[server块] 配置 nginx代理转发至网关的时候会丢失请求的host信息（域名） proxy_set_header Host $host 。而gateway的断言规则

predicates:

-Host=**.xxx.com,xxx.com

是基于域名，导致gateway网关路由分发失败。api的断言规则正常。所以，api接口正常，页面木有打开。

中心作用点：gateway的路由断言规则

修改补充server的location反向代理配置：

    #######修改聚焦 看这里
    location / {
    	#######方向代理转发网关时补充头信息 
  		###补充转发是header的host信息 后续缺少什么这里补充
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        
        ###上游服务器组 整个组起名字 servername
    	proxy_pass   http://servername;
    }

持此配置完成！

修改后的nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
   
    ######配置聚焦看这里  
    ##上游服务器组 整个组起名字 servername
    upstream servername{
        
         ##每个服务器试用server标签 写上服务地址
         ##微服务网关gateway的访问
        server 192.168.31.173:88;
            
    }

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

修改后的server.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  xxx.com;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

    #######修改聚焦 看这里
    location / {
    	#######方向代理转发网关时补充头信息 
  		###补充转发是header的host信息 后续缺少什么这里补充
        proxy_set_header Host $host
        
        ##上游服务器组 整个组起名字 servername
    	proxy_pass   http://servername;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

修改后的gateway断言规则application.yml

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      globalcors:
        corsConfigurations:
          '[/**]':
            allowedOrigins: "*"
      routes:
              ##接口的断言规则
        - id: product_route
          uri: lb://nacosServerName
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/product/**
          filters:
            - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*),/$\{segment}

        ##页面的断言规则
        ## 增加gateway的路由规则  **.xxx.com 任意子域名定向访问值nacos的nacosServerName服务
        - id: gulimall_host_route
          uri: lb://nacosServerName
          predicates:
            - Host=**.xxx.com,xxx.com