Android 7.0系统启动流程分析

随着Android版本的升级,aosp项目中的代码也有了些变化,本文基于Android 7.0分析Android系统启动流程.当我们按下电源键后,整个Android设备大体经过了一下过程:

今天我们只想来分析init进程及其后的过程,也就是下图所示部分:

init进程

init进程会解析init.rc文件(关于init.rc中的语法,可以参见之前写的深入分析AIL语言及init.rc文件),加载相关分区,并启动相关服务.

init进程在/system/core/init/init.cpp
init.rc文件在/system/core/rootdir下
init.rc文件由parser.cpp解析,在/system/core/init/init_parser.cpp

在init.rc中,Zygote进程被启动.Zygote进程是其他所有进程的孵化器.init.rc通过include引入init.zygote.rc,这里以init.zygote64.rc为例:

service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    class main
    priority -20
    user root
    group root readproc
    socket zygote stream 660 root system
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart audioserver
    onrestart restart cameraserver
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd
    writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks

对个脚本简单分析:

1. service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 :service命令告诉init进程要创建一个名字为zygote的进程,这个zygote进程执行的程序是/system/bin/app_process64,后面是传给app_process64程序的参数.
2. socket zygote stream 660 root system:表示zygote进程需要一个名为”zygote”的socket,该socket用来实现进程间的通信.当新启动一个应用时,ActivityManagerService想向该Socket发起请求,请求zygote进程fork出一个新的进程.
3. 后面的onrestart表示zygote重启时需要执行的动作.

Zygote进程启动

上面说到init进程会根据init.rc执行相关的操作,其中有一项就是创建Zygote进程.Zygote进程所对应的程序是/system/bin/app_process,
位于/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp,其入口函数是main():

int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
    if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS failed: %s", strerror(errno));
    }

    if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
      String8 argv_String;
      for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        argv_String.append("\"");
        argv_String.append(argv[i]);
        argv_String.append("\" ");
      }
      ALOGV("app_process main with argv: %s", argv_String.string());
    }

    AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
    // Process command line arguments
    // ignore argv[0]
    argc--;
    argv++;
    const char* spaced_commands[] = { "-cp", "-classpath" };

    bool known_command = false;

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (known_command == true) {
          runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
          ALOGV("app_process main add known option '%s'", argv[i]);
          known_command = false;
          continue;
        }

        for (int j = 0;
             j < static_cast<int>(sizeof(spaced_commands) / sizeof(spaced_commands[0]));
             ++j) {
          if (strcmp(argv[i], spaced_commands[j]) == 0) {
            known_command = true;
            ALOGV("app_process main found known command '%s'", argv[i]);
          }
        }

        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            break;
        }
        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
            ++i; // Skip --.
            break;
        }

        runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
        ALOGV("app_process main add option '%s'", argv[i]);
    }

    // Parse runtime arguments.  Stop at first unrecognized option.
    bool zygote = false;
    bool startSystemServer = false;
    bool application = false;
    String8 niceName;
    String8 className;

    ++i;  // Skip unused "parent dir" argument.
    while (i < argc) {
        const char* arg = argv[i++];
        if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
            zygote = true;
            niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
            //init.zygote64.rc中接受的参数,表示启动SystemServer组件
            startSystemServer = true;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
            application = true;
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
            niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
            className.setTo(arg);
            break;
        } else {
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }

    Vector<String8> args;
    if (!className.isEmpty()) {

        args.add(application ? String8("application") : String8("tool"));
        runtime.setClassNameAndArgs(className, argc - i, argv + i);

        if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
          String8 restOfArgs;
          char* const* argv_new = argv + i;
          int argc_new = argc - i;
          for (int k = 0; k < argc_new; ++k) {
            restOfArgs.append("\"");
            restOfArgs.app