The package django.shortcuts collects helper functions and classes that
„span” multiple levels of MVC. In other words, these functions/classes
introduce controlled coupling for convenience’s sake.
render()¶render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None)¶Łączy podany szablon z podanym słownikiem kontekstu i zwraca obiekt HttpResponse z tym wyrenderowanym tekstem.
Django nie dostarcza funkcji skrótowej, która zwraca TemplateResponse, ponieważ konstruktor TemplateResponse oferuje ten sam poziom wygody co render().
requesttemplate_namecontextcontent_type'text/html'.status200.usingNAME of a template engine to use for
loading the template.The following example renders the template myapp/index.html with the
MIME type application/xhtml+xml:
from django.shortcuts import render
def my_view(request):
# View code here...
return render(
request,
"myapp/index.html",
{
"foo": "bar",
},
content_type="application/xhtml+xml",
)
This example is equivalent to:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader
def my_view(request):
# View code here...
t = loader.get_template("myapp/index.html")
c = {"foo": "bar"}
return HttpResponse(t.render(c, request), content_type="application/xhtml+xml")
redirect()¶redirect(to, *args, permanent=False, **kwargs)¶Returns an HttpResponseRedirect to the appropriate URL
for the arguments passed.
The arguments could be:
get_absolute_url()
function will be called.reverse() will be
used to reverse-resolve the name.By default issues a temporary redirect; pass permanent=True to issue a
permanent redirect.
You can use the redirect() function in a number of ways.
By passing some object; that object’s
get_absolute_url() method will be called
to figure out the redirect URL:
from django.shortcuts import redirect
def my_view(request):
...
obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
return redirect(obj)
By passing the name of a view and optionally some positional or
keyword arguments; the URL will be reverse resolved using the
reverse() method:
def my_view(request):
...
return redirect("some-view-name", foo="bar")
By passing a hardcoded URL to redirect to:
def my_view(request):
...
return redirect("/some/url/")
This also works with full URLs:
def my_view(request):
...
return redirect("https://example.com/")
By default, redirect() returns a temporary redirect. All of the above
forms accept a permanent argument; if set to True a permanent redirect
will be returned:
def my_view(request):
...
obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
return redirect(obj, permanent=True)
get_object_or_404()¶get_object_or_404(klass, *args, **kwargs)¶aget_object_or_404(klass, *args, **kwargs)¶Asynchronous version: aget_object_or_404()
Calls get() on a given model
manager, but it raises Http404 instead of the model’s
DoesNotExist exception.
The following example gets the object with the primary key of 1 from
MyModel:
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
def my_view(request):
obj = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)
This example is equivalent to:
from django.http import Http404
def my_view(request):
try:
obj = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")
The most common use case is to pass a Model, as
shown above. However, you can also pass a
QuerySet instance:
queryset = Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="M")
get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=1)
The above example is a bit contrived since it’s equivalent to doing:
get_object_or_404(Book, title__startswith="M", pk=1)
but it can be useful if you are passed the queryset variable from somewhere
else.
Finally, you can also use a Manager. This is useful
for example if you have a
custom manager:
get_object_or_404(Book.dahl_objects, title="Matilda")
You can also use
related managers:
author = Author.objects.get(name="Roald Dahl")
get_object_or_404(author.book_set, title="Matilda")
Note: As with get(), a
MultipleObjectsReturned exception
will be raised if more than one object is found.
aget_object_or_404() function was added.
get_list_or_404()¶get_list_or_404(klass, *args, **kwargs)¶aget_list_or_404(klass, *args, **kwargs)¶Asynchronous version: aget_list_or_404()
Returns the result of filter() on
a given model manager cast to a list, raising Http404
if the resulting list is empty.
The following example gets all published objects from MyModel:
from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404
def my_view(request):
my_objects = get_list_or_404(MyModel, published=True)
This example is equivalent to:
from django.http import Http404
def my_view(request):
my_objects = list(MyModel.objects.filter(published=True))
if not my_objects:
raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")
aget_list_or_404() function was added.
sie 06, 2024