20条非常实用的Python使用技巧

Python是一门流行且应用广泛的通用编程语言，其应用包括数据科学、机器学习、科学计算等领域，以及后端Web开发、移动和桌面应用程序等方面。许多知名的公司都使用Python，如Google、Dropbox、Facebook、Mozilla、IBM、Quora、Amazon、Spotify、NASA、Netflix、Reddit等。
Python是免费且开源的，与它有关的大多数产品也都是。此外，它拥有庞大、专注且友善的编程者和使用者社区。
它的语法设计目标就是简单、易读且优雅。
本文将向你展示20条非常实用的Python使用技巧。

Python之禅

Python之禅（又名PEP20）是由Tim Peters编写的一小段文字，文中展示了设计和使用Python的指导原则。你可以在Python网站上找到这段文字，也可以在控制台或Jupyter notebook中通过一条语句来显示这段话。

import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren’t special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you’re Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than right now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it’s a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea – let’s do more of those!

链式赋值

如果需要让多个变量引用同一个对象，则可以使用链式赋值：

x = y = z = 2
x, y, z
(2, 2, 2)
非常有逻辑且优雅，对吧？

链式比较

多个比较语句也可以合成一个Python表达式，只需将多个比较运算符连起来即可。下面的表达式只有在所有比较都成立时返回True，否则返回False：

x = 5
2 < x ≤ 8
True