Abstract Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become a promising solution to inject AI in our
daily lives from self-driving cars, smartphones, games, drones, etc. In most cases, DNNs
were accelerated by server equipped with numerous computing engines, eg, GPU, but
recent technology advance requires energy-efficient acceleration of DNNs as the modern
applications moved down to mobile computing nodes. Therefore, Neural Processing Unit
(NPU) architectures dedicated to energy-efficient DNN acceleration became essential …