Papers by Rafael Biermann
Conceptualising patron-client relations in secessionist conflict. A research agenda
Territory, politics, governance, Mar 13, 2024
Die Epochenscheide 1989/1990 : Aufbruch in eine neue europäische Friedensordnung? Ein skeptischer Rückblick
Historisches Jahrbuch, 2019
Zwischen Kreml und Kanzleramt : wie Moskau mit der deutschen Einheit rang
F. Schöningh eBooks, 1997
Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, 2014
Hinführung Seit dem Eingreifen der NATO in Libyen 2011 und der nachfolgenden Syrien-Debatte ist d... more Hinführung Seit dem Eingreifen der NATO in Libyen 2011 und der nachfolgenden Syrien-Debatte ist die humanitäre Intervention auf die Tagesordnung der internationalen Politik zurückgekehrt. Dem voraus ging die scheinbare Delegitimierung dieses Instruments durch die Interventionen in den Kosovo 1999, in Afghanistan 2001 und in den Irak 2003 wie auch seine Überlagerung durch den »Global War on Terror«. Die Intervention in Libyen ist vor diesem Hintergrund erstaunlich. Mehr noch erstaunt die normative Kluft, die den Libyen-Diskurs vom Kosovo-Diskurs trennt, steht doch die weitgehende Zustimmung zur Libyen-Intervention in markantem 1.
NATO’s institutional decline in post- Cold War security governance
Inter-Organizational Relations: An Emerging Research Programme
NATO’s Troubled Relations with Partner Organizations: A Resource-Dependence Explanation
This chapter investigates NATO’s interactions with other international organizations (IOs) since ... more This chapter investigates NATO’s interactions with other international organizations (IOs) since 1990.1 During the Cold War, the Alliance was a stand-alone organization with only minor ad hoc relations to other organizations (Kaplan 2010). Today, NATO not only entertains structured relations with an abundance of partner states (see Matlary, this volume), but also its ties with other IOs have multiplied.
Die Europäische Union – eine Zivilmacht?
Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks, 2023
The Politics of Reconciliation in Former Yugoslavia – Assessing Progress Across the Region
The Role of International Bureaucracies
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, Dec 1, 2016
This chapter tries to shed light on the specific role of international bureaucracies when interna... more This chapter tries to shed light on the specific role of international bureaucracies when international intergovernmental organizations interact. It takes a holistic approach that accounts also for the role of member states and the resulting complex multilevel governance among a multitude of players networking across organizational and state boundaries when organizations interact. Studies systematically investigating the role of bureaucracies in inter-organizational affairs are extremely rare. Therefore, the goal of this chapter is to inspire research by connecting the study of inter-organizational relations more systematically with the research on international bureaucracies in general. The chapter first conceptualizes international bureaucracies. It then discusses the relevance of international bureaucracies for inter-organizational relations. Afterwards, four major theoretical perspectives on bureaucracies are screened, namely principal–agent theory, sociological institutionalism, the bureaucratic politics approach, and organization theory, in order to demonstrate how they might be employed and blended to research the role of international bureaucracies in inter-organizational relations. The conclusions offer some methodological recommendations of how to do so.
Zwischen Friedenskonsolidierung und Friedensschaffung
Vereinte Nationen, 2007
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, Dec 1, 2016
Several factors have been put forward to explain economic development and growth in different cou... more Several factors have been put forward to explain economic development and growth in different countries. The main factors are first, economic resources and second, well functioning economic, social and political institutions. Third, a growing number of authors have argued that culture is also a critical ingredient of economic development and growth. One important aspect of this cultural influence on economic development is the entrepreneurial culture. In Kenya, the debate on the presence or absence of the entrepreneurship culture is old and still raging. This study contributes to this debate by examining whether there is an entrepreneurship culture among micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. Specifically, the study inquired into the possible causes of the phenomenal rise in new MSEs in Kenya between 1993 and 2005. Could this be, as is popularly believed, a manifestation of an entrepreneurial culture in Kenya? To answer this question a survey of over 170 entrepreneurs was conducted for different types of ventures in Kariobangi, Kasarani Division of Nairobi County in Kenya. Data was collected on the reasons behind business formations, the constraints to growth and the strategies used to market their goods and services using a questionnaire. A factor analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The evidence adduced shows that the mushrooming of MSEs over the sample period is not an epitome of an entrepreneurial culture in Kenya. The key factors behind this phenomenal growth are desire to supplement income, availability of credit, the desire to generate wealth and retrenchment. These are rational defensive responses to unemployment, retrenchment and poverty. Therefore, the observed increase in MSEs was a response to the harsh social, economic, and political environment at that time. Indeed, the results showed that an economic turn around in the country could lead to a massive close down of many MSEs as formal employment increases. Thus, policy-makers need to initiate policies aimed at reducing unemployment and poverty, which drive people to form MSEs to eke out a livelihood.
Coercive Europeanization: the EU's struggle to contain secessionism in the Balkans
European Security, May 28, 2014
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2017
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
"Ten years after the end of the Cold War Europe has once again two faces. On the one hand we have... more "Ten years after the end of the Cold War Europe has once again two faces. On the one hand we have the success story of European integration, the Europe of human rights and of equality, of peace, democracy and welfare. However, at the same time the Europe of nationalism, of the past, of tyranny and brutal suppression of human rights that we already deemed to have overcome has been revived, in Vukovar, in Srebrenica, in Racak and in the many nameless places of horror" (this and the following translations done by the author), Bulletin des Presse-und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung, No. 34, 31 May 1999, p. 359.
Historisch-politische Mitteilungen, 2005
Ein Exzerpt aus dem ‚Oxford Concise History of Europe', datiert auf das Jahr 2040: "Die große Fra... more Ein Exzerpt aus dem ‚Oxford Concise History of Europe', datiert auf das Jahr 2040: "Die große Frage für Europa im Januar 2023 war Irak: Sollte es Mitglied der Europäischen Union werden? Die Türkei, selbst seit mehr als einer Dekade EU-Mitglied, drängte stark auf eine irakische Mitgliedschaft. Immerhin war Irak so etwas wie eine Demokratie seit fast 20 Jahren. ... Einige rückwärtsgewandte europäische Christdemokraten wandten ein, der Irak sei kein europäisches Land. ,Die Idee ist völlig lächerlich', so der 84-jährige frühere Präsident der Europäischen Kommission, Romano Prodi. Aber die EU hatte die traditionellen geographischen, historischen und kulturellen Grenzen Europas ... schon überschritten, als sie entschied, die Türkei aufzunehmen." 1 Blütenträume eines sklerotischen Euroskeptikers? Dafür ist Timothy Garton Ash nicht eben bekannt-eher für seine ebenso scharfsinnigen wie zutreffenden Analysen der europäischen Zeitgeschichte. Ist es wirklich völlig abwegig, sich in zwanzig Jahren eine Europäische Union vorzustellen, die als global agierender Akteur nach der Türkei auch deren Nachbarn aufnimmt, die in den südlichen Kaukasus und bis nach Zentralasien reicht? Europarat wie OSZE betreiben heute Stabilitätsprojektion weit in diese Räume hinein. Georgien wurde 1999, Armenien und Aserbaidschan wurden 2001 in den Europarat aufgenommen; bereits 1992 traten Kasachstan, Kirgisien, Tadschikistan und Turkmenistan der OSZE bei. Dabei beschränkt das Statut des Europarates die Beitrittsmöglichkeit auf "alle europäischen Staaten", die Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Menschenrechte wahren. 2 Die Zeilen von Timothy Garton Ash sind vor dem Hintergrund einer Debatte zu sehen, die seit Ende 1999 die Europäische Union polarisiert. Der damaligen Benennung der Türkei zum offiziellen Beitrittskandidaten folgte fünf Jahre später die Entscheidung zum Beginn von Beitrittsverhandlungen. 3 Die Argumente zu diesem Thema sind hinreichend ausgetauscht. Was jedoch auffällt, ist die Engläufigkeit der Debatte, also ihre mangelnde Einordnung in den anbrechenden Diskurs über die geographische Finalität der europäischen Integration. Heinrich August Winkler fordert zu Recht eine tiefere Ergründung des Zusammenhangs "zwischen der Finalität des Einigungsprozesses, den Au
Zur Macht internationaler Organisationen
De Gruyter eBooks, Oct 10, 2022
This paper endeavors to explore a conflict-type approach to mediation, i.e. to test the interdepe... more This paper endeavors to explore a conflict-type approach to mediation, i.e. to test the interdependence of conflict types and mediation profiles. It specifically looks at conflicts of indivisibility, asking whether the core properties of these most resistant conflicts suggest some mediation profiles to be more adequate than others and, more specifically, whether this conflict type restricts the menu of choices available to mediators. Taking stock of the research findings of several strands of largely unrelated literature, the most prominent of which is the 'enduring rivalries' research program, the paper first identifies two core properties of these conflicts, perceived indivisibility and self-reinforcing duration effects, based on an issue-oriented bargaining approach. It then synthesizes the research findings on conflict termination, integrating them into different theories on how to reverse path dependence. It afterwards discusses specifically the rather sobering mediation track record for these conflicts. On this basis, the paper turns to mediation goals and strategies, arguing that this conflict type indeed limits the choices available to mediators: as concerns the issue dimension, non-directive strategies are much less functional than directive strategies and fractioning seems to contradict the very nature of these conflicts; as concerns the perceptional dimension, continuous problem-solving efforts are the key to sustainable resolution. Dr. habil. Rafael Biermann After all, we know encouraging success stories of mediation in these most resistant cases, such as Zimbabwe, South Africa, El Salvador, Cambodia, among others, though causality is extremely difficult to establish. There is a growing awareness in the scientific community that these conflicts share major characteristics, which justifies classifying them as one conflict type. The 'massive wall of resistance to settlement' (Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, 2005b: 9) is a leitmotif in their study. In fact, some definitions explicitly incorporate the mediation hurdle, arguing that the 'many futile attempts at management or resolution' are a core
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Papers by Rafael Biermann