import sys from _typeshed import structseq from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Protocol, final from typing_extensions import TypeAlias _TimeTuple: TypeAlias = tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int] altzone: int daylight: int timezone: int tzname: tuple[str, str] if sys.platform == "linux": CLOCK_BOOTTIME: int if sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "win32" and sys.platform != "darwin": CLOCK_PROF: int # FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD CLOCK_UPTIME: int # FreeBSD, OpenBSD if sys.platform != "win32": CLOCK_MONOTONIC: int CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW: int CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: int CLOCK_REALTIME: int CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID: int if sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin": CLOCK_HIGHRES: int # Solaris only if sys.platform == "darwin": CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW: int if sys.version_info >= (3, 13): CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX: int CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX: int if sys.platform == "linux": CLOCK_TAI: int # Constructor takes an iterable of any type, of length between 9 and 11 elements. # However, it always *behaves* like a tuple of 9 elements, # even if an iterable with length >9 is passed. # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/6560#discussion_r767162532 @final class struct_time(structseq[Any | int], _TimeTuple): if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): __match_args__: Final = ("tm_year", "tm_mon", "tm_mday", "tm_hour", "tm_min", "tm_sec", "tm_wday", "tm_yday", "tm_isdst") @property def tm_year(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_mon(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_mday(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_hour(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_min(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_sec(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_wday(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_yday(self) -> int: ... @property def tm_isdst(self) -> int: ... # These final two properties only exist if a 10- or 11-item sequence was passed to the constructor. @property def tm_zone(self) -> str: ... @property def tm_gmtoff(self) -> int: ... def asctime(time_tuple: _TimeTuple | struct_time = ..., /) -> str: ... def ctime(seconds: float | None = None, /) -> str: ... def gmtime(seconds: float | None = None, /) -> struct_time: ... def localtime(seconds: float | None = None, /) -> struct_time: ... def mktime(time_tuple: _TimeTuple | struct_time, /) -> float: ... def sleep(seconds: float, /) -> None: ... def strftime(format: str, time_tuple: _TimeTuple | struct_time = ..., /) -> str: ... def strptime(data_string: str, format: str = "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", /) -> struct_time: ... def time() -> float: ... if sys.platform != "win32": def tzset() -> None: ... # Unix only class _ClockInfo(Protocol): adjustable: bool implementation: str monotonic: bool resolution: float def get_clock_info(name: Literal["monotonic", "perf_counter", "process_time", "time", "thread_time"], /) -> _ClockInfo: ... def monotonic() -> float: ... def perf_counter() -> float: ... def process_time() -> float: ... if sys.platform != "win32": def clock_getres(clk_id: int, /) -> float: ... # Unix only def clock_gettime(clk_id: int, /) -> float: ... # Unix only def clock_settime(clk_id: int, time: float, /) -> None: ... # Unix only if sys.platform != "win32": def clock_gettime_ns(clk_id: int, /) -> int: ... def clock_settime_ns(clock_id: int, time: int, /) -> int: ... if sys.platform == "linux": def pthread_getcpuclockid(thread_id: int, /) -> int: ... def monotonic_ns() -> int: ... def perf_counter_ns() -> int: ... def process_time_ns() -> int: ... def time_ns() -> int: ... def thread_time() -> float: ... def thread_time_ns() -> int: ...
时间: 2025-09-03 20:16:55 AIGC 浏览: 8
### 代码功能概述
这段代码是 Python `time` 模块的类型定义,为 `time` 模块中的函数、类和变量提供类型注解,方便类型检查工具(如 `mypy`)使用,同时也有助于开发者理解各函数和类的使用方法。
### 各部分含义
#### 1. 类型别名和全局变量
```python
_TimeTuple: TypeAlias = tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]
altzone: int
daylight: int
timezone: int
tzname: tuple[str, str]
```
- `_TimeTuple`:定义一个类型别名,表示包含 9 个整数的元组,用于表示时间元组[^1]。
- `altzone`、`daylight`、`timezone`、`tzname`:这些是 `time` 模块中的全局变量,分别表示夏令时偏移秒数、是否使用夏令时的标志、本地时区偏移秒数和时区名称的元组。
#### 2. 时钟常量
根据不同的操作系统平台,定义了不同的时钟常量,如 `CLOCK_BOOTTIME`、`CLOCK_PROF` 等。例如:
```python
if sys.platform == "linux":
CLOCK_BOOTTIME: int
```
这些常量用于表示不同类型的时钟,在使用 `clock_gettime` 等函数时会用到[^1]。
#### 3. `struct_time` 类
```python
@final
class struct_time(structseq[Any | int], _TimeTuple):
if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
__match_args__: Final = ("tm_year", "tm_mon", "tm_mday", "tm_hour", "tm_min", "tm_sec", "tm_wday", "tm_yday", "tm_isdst")
@property
def tm_year(self) -> int: ...
...
```
`struct_time` 类表示时间结构,继承自 `structseq` 和 `_TimeTuple`。它包含多个属性,如 `tm_year`、`tm_mon` 等,用于表示年、月、日等时间信息。如果传入的序列长度为 10 或 11,还会有 `tm_zone` 和 `tm_gmtoff` 属性[^1]。
#### 4. 时间处理函数
```python
def asctime(time_tuple: _TimeTuple | struct_time = ..., /) -> str: ...
def ctime(seconds: float | None = None, /) -> str: ...
...
```
这些函数用于进行时间的格式化、转换等操作,例如:
- `asctime`:将时间元组或 `struct_time` 对象转换为字符串表示。
- `ctime`:将时间戳转换为字符串表示。
- `gmtime`:将时间戳转换为 UTC 时间的 `struct_time` 对象。
- `localtime`:将时间戳转换为本地时间的 `struct_time` 对象。
- `mktime`:将时间元组或 `struct_time` 对象转换为时间戳。
- `sleep`:暂停指定的秒数。
- `strftime`:根据指定的格式将时间元组或 `struct_time` 对象转换为字符串。
- `strptime`:根据指定的格式将字符串解析为 `struct_time` 对象。
- `time`:返回当前时间的时间戳[^1]。
#### 5. 时区设置函数
```python
if sys.platform != "win32":
def tzset() -> None: ... # Unix only
```
`tzset` 函数用于设置时区,仅在非 Windows 系统上可用[^1]。
#### 6. 时钟信息和时钟函数
```python
class _ClockInfo(Protocol):
adjustable: bool
implementation: str
monotonic: bool
resolution: float
def get_clock_info(name: Literal["monotonic", "perf_counter", "process_time", "time", "thread_time"], /) -> _ClockInfo: ...
def monotonic() -> float: ...
...
```
- `_ClockInfo`:定义一个协议类,表示时钟信息。
- `get_clock_info`:获取指定时钟的信息。
- `monotonic`、`perf_counter`、`process_time` 等函数用于获取不同类型的时钟时间[^1]。
### 如何使用其中的函数和类进行时间相关操作
#### 1. 获取当前时间
```python
import time
# 获取当前时间戳
timestamp = time.time()
print(f"当前时间戳: {timestamp}")
# 将时间戳转换为本地时间的 struct_time 对象
local_time = time.localtime(timestamp)
print(f"本地时间: {local_time}")
# 将时间戳转换为 UTC 时间的 struct_time 对象
utc_time = time.gmtime(timestamp)
print(f"UTC 时间: {utc_time}")
```
#### 2. 时间格式化
```python
import time
local_time = time.localtime()
formatted_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", local_time)
print(f"格式化后的时间: {formatted_time}")
```
#### 3. 时间解析
```python
import time
data_string = "2024-01-01 12:00:00"
format_str = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
parsed_time = time.strptime(data_string, format_str)
print(f"解析后的时间: {parsed_time}")
```
### 不同操作系统平台下代码的差异和特性
#### 1. Windows 系统
- 不支持 `tzset`、`clock_getres`、`clock_gettime` 等 Unix 系统特有的函数。
- 没有一些特定的时钟常量,如 `CLOCK_BOOTTIME` 等。
#### 2. Linux 系统
- 支持 `CLOCK_BOOTTIME`、`CLOCK_TAI` 等特定的时钟常量。
- 支持 `pthread_getcpuclockid` 函数,用于获取线程的 CPU 时钟 ID。
#### 3. macOS 系统
- 支持 `CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` 等特定的时钟常量。
- 在 Python 3.13 及以上版本,支持 `CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX` 和 `CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX` 常量。
###
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