subprocess
时间: 2023-11-22 12:40:26 浏览: 89
subprocess模块是Python中用于创建和管理子进程的模块。它提供了多个函数和类来执行和控制子进程的输入、输出和错误处理。其中,subprocess.Popen类是底层的进程创建和管理类,通过它可以实现更灵活的操作。
你可以使用subprocess.Popen的构造函数来创建一个新的进程对象,其中可以设置一些参数来指定执行的命令、文件描述符、工作目录等。例如,通过指定args参数来传递要执行的命令,通过设置stdin、stdout和stderr参数来指定输入、输出和错误流。
下面是一个示例:
```
import subprocess
# 创建一个新的进程对象
obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# 通过communicate方法向子进程输入数据并获取输出结果
out, err = obj.communicate(input='print(1) \n')
# 打印输出结果
print(out) # 输出: 1
print(err) # 输出: 空字符串
```
在这个示例中,我们创建了一个新的Python子进程,然后通过communicate方法向子进程输入了`print(1)`,并获取了子进程的输出结果。最后打印了输出结果和错误结果。
相关问题
subprocess.Popen subprocess.run
subprocess.Popen and subprocess.run are both modules in Python's subprocess module that are used for running external commands. Here's a brief explanation of each:
1. subprocess.Popen: This function is used to create a new process and execute a command within it. It provides more flexibility and control over the execution process. Popen returns a Popen object, which allows you to interact with the running process, such as reading its output or terminating it.
Example usage:
```python
import subprocess
# Run a command and get its output
result = subprocess.Popen(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output = result.communicate()
print(output.decode('utf-8'))
```
2. subprocess.run: This function is a higher-level convenience function introduced in Python 3.5. It is used to run a command and wait for it to complete. It returns a CompletedProcess object that provides information about the completed process, such as return code and output.
Example usage:
```python
import subprocess
# Run a command and get its output
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(result.stdout)
```
Both functions can be used to execute external commands, but the choice between them depends on your requirements. Popen offers more flexibility, while run provides a simpler and more straightforward way to execute commands.
subprocess 作用
subprocess 是 Python 的标准库之一,它提供了一个简单的方式来创建子进程,并与它们进行交互。subprocess 模块允许你执行命令、启动进程、连接到它们的输入/输出/错误管道,并获取它们的返回值。
subprocess 模块的主要作用如下:
1. 执行外部命令和程序
2. 可以与外部程序进行交互
3. 可以控制子进程的输入和输出
4. 可以捕获和处理子进程的错误信息
5. 可以等待子进程执行完毕,并获取子进程的返回值
通过 subprocess 模块,我们可以在 Python 程序中方便地执行外部命令和程序,并且可以将执行结果作为 Python 程序的输出进行处理。同时,subprocess 模块提供了很多选项,可以方便地控制子进程的输入、输出和错误信息,使得我们能够更好地控制子进程的执行过程。
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