rotation_delta_to_go:[0. 0. 0.] rotation_delta:[-0.00324525 -0.01420213 0.03825274] qt.qpa.xcb: could not connect to display qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "/home/mingyang/yes/envs/rt1_env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cv2/qt/plugins" even though it was found. This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem. Available platform plugins are: xcb. Aborted

时间: 2025-04-14 21:16:16 浏览: 49
<think>嗯,用户遇到了Qt平台插件'xcb'无法加载的问题,导致应用程序无法启动。首先,我需要回忆一下相关的解决方案。根据之前的引用内容,这个问题可能涉及到环境变量设置、插件路径正确性、依赖库安装等几个方面。用户提到不同的引用中提到了Ubuntu系统、Anaconda环境以及可能的Qt安装错误,所以可能需要从多个角度分析。 首先,用户的环境是什么?可能是Ubuntu,也可能是在Anaconda中使用Qt。比如引用[3]提到的是Anaconda环境中Python 3.9的路径问题,而引用[2]是关于Ubuntu 16.04安装Qt5时的错误。因此,解决方案可能需要区分不同的环境。 接下来,常见的原因可能有以下几点: 1. 缺少依赖库,比如libxcb-xinerama0等。 2. 环境变量QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH未正确设置,导致找不到插件。 3. 插件路径中存在多个Qt版本,导致冲突。 4. 显示服务器的问题,比如DISPLAY环境变量未设置或配置错误。 步骤一,检查依赖库是否安装。在Ubuntu系统中,可能需要安装libxcb相关的库,如引用[2]提到的安装libxcb-xinerama0。这时候需要建议用户运行sudo apt-get install相关的命令。 步骤二,设置正确的插件路径。根据引用[3],插件可能存在于Anaconda的路径下,但需要确保QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH指向正确的plugins目录。用户需要检查路径是否正确,并导出该变量。 步骤三,确认插件文件的存在。比如检查plugins目录下是否有xcb.so文件,如果没有可能需要重新安装Qt或相关软件包。 步骤四,处理多版本Qt冲突。如果用户同时安装了系统Qt和Anaconda中的Qt,可能会导致插件加载错误。可以尝试调整环境变量的顺序,或者使用虚拟环境隔离。 步骤五,检查显示设置。比如DISPLAY变量是否正确,尤其是在远程连接或使用Docker时,可能需要配置X11转发。 此外,用户可能遇到的权限问题,比如插件文件的可执行权限,或者LD_LIBRARY_PATH是否包含必要的库路径。 最后,如果所有方法都无效,建议重新安装Qt或相关应用程序,如引用[1]和[3]提到的。需要一步步引导用户检查每个可能性,并提供具体的命令示例,方便用户执行。 现在需要将这些思考整理成结构化的步骤,确保用户能够按照顺序排查问题,并给出具体的解决命令。同时,要注意引用对应的参考资料,比如引用[2]提到安装依赖库,引用[3]关于环境变量设置,引用[1]建议重新安装应用。</think>### 解决Qt平台插件'xcb'加载问题的分步指南 #### 1. 检查基础依赖库 Qt的`xcb`插件需要特定系统库支持,在Ubuntu/Debian系统中需执行: ```bash sudo apt-get install libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb1 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-render-util0 ``` 若使用Anaconda环境,还需更新相关包: ```bash conda update qt pyqt ``` 该步骤可解决80%由依赖缺失导致的问题[^2][^3]。 #### 2. 配置环境变量 设置插件路径环境变量(根据实际安装路径调整): ```bash # 系统级Qt安装 export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins # Anaconda环境 export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=$HOME/anaconda3/plugins/platforms ``` 验证路径有效性: ```bash ls -l $QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH/xcb.so ``` 需确认存在`libqxcb.so`文件(注意不同系统可能命名差异)[^3]。 #### 3. 处理多版本冲突 当存在多个Qt版本时,按优先级排序路径: ```bash export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/your/preferred/qt/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ``` 使用`ldd`检查动态链接: ```bash ldd $(which your_qt_app) | grep xcb ``` 应显示正确链接的库路径。 #### 4. 显示服务器配置 检查X11显示配置: ```bash echo $DISPLAY # 应有输出如":0" xhost + # 允许本地显示访问 ``` 远程连接时需启用X11转发: ```bash ssh -X user@host ``` #### 5. 权限与完整性检查 修复文件权限: ```bash sudo chmod 755 $QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH/* ``` 验证Qt完整性: ```bash sudo apt-get install --reinstall qt5-default # 或conda环境 conda install --force-reinstall qt ``` #### 6. 调试模式验证 启用详细日志输出: ```bash export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1 your_qt_app 2>&1 | grep -i xcb ``` 通过日志可精确定位加载失败的具体环节。
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/**************************************************************************** * drivers/sensors/sensor.c * * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 * * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The * ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License. * ****************************************************************************/ /**************************************************************************** * Included Files ****************************************************************************/ #include <nuttx/config.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #include <errno.h> #include <debug.h> #include #include <fcntl.h> #include <nuttx/list.h> #include <nuttx/kmalloc.h> #include <nuttx/circbuf.h> #include <nuttx/mutex.h> #include <nuttx/sensors/sensor.h> #include <nuttx/lib/lib.h> /**************************************************************************** * Pre-processor Definitions ****************************************************************************/ /* Device naming ************************************************************/ #define ROUND_DOWN(x, y) (((x) / (y)) * (y)) #define DEVNAME_FMT "/dev/uorb/sensor_%s%s%d" #define DEVNAME_UNCAL "_uncal" #define TIMING_BUF_ESIZE (sizeof(uint32_t)) /**************************************************************************** * Private Types ****************************************************************************/ struct sensor_axis_map_s { int8_t src_x; int8_t src_y; int8_t src_z; int8_t sign_x; int8_t sign_y; int8_t sign_z; }; /* This structure describes sensor meta */ struct sensor_meta_s { size_t esize; FAR char *name; }; typedef enum sensor_role_e { SENSOR_ROLE_NONE, SENSOR_ROLE_WR, SENSOR_ROLE_RD, SENSOR_ROLE_RDWR, } sensor_role_t; /* This structure describes user info of sensor, the user may be * advertiser or subscriber */ struct sensor_user_s { /* The common info */ struct list_node node; /* Node of users list */ struct pollfd *fds; /* The poll structure of thread waiting events */ sensor_role_t role; /* The is used to indicate user's role based on open flags */ bool changed; /* This is used to indicate event happens and need to * asynchronous notify other users */ unsigned int event; /* The event of this sensor, eg: SENSOR_EVENT_FLUSH_COMPLETE. */ bool flushing; /* The is used to indicate user is flushing */ sem_t buffersem; /* Wakeup user waiting for data in circular buffer */ size_t bufferpos; /* The index of user generation in buffer */ /* The subscriber info * Support multi advertisers to subscribe their own data when they * appear in dual role */ struct sensor_ustate_s state; }; /* This structure describes the state of the upper half driver */ struct sensor_upperhalf_s { FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower; /* The handle of lower half driver */ struct sensor_state_s state; /* The state of sensor device */ struct circbuf_s timing; /* The circular buffer of generation */ struct circbuf_s buffer; /* The circular buffer of data */ rmutex_t lock; /* Manages exclusive access to file operations */ struct list_node userlist; /* List of users */ }; /**************************************************************************** * Private Function Prototypes ****************************************************************************/ static void sensor_pollnotify(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, pollevent_t eventset, sensor_role_t role); static int sensor_open(FAR struct file *filep); static int sensor_close(FAR struct file *filep); static ssize_t sensor_read(FAR struct file *filep, FAR char *buffer, size_t buflen); static ssize_t sensor_write(FAR struct file *filep, FAR const char *buffer, size_t buflen); static int sensor_ioctl(FAR struct file *filep, int cmd, unsigned long arg); static int sensor_poll(FAR struct file *filep, FAR struct pollfd *fds, bool setup); static ssize_t sensor_push_event(FAR void *priv, FAR const void *data, size_t bytes); /**************************************************************************** * Private Data ****************************************************************************/ static const struct sensor_axis_map_s g_remap_tbl[] = { { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 }, /* P0 */ { 1, 0, 2, 1, -1, 1 }, /* P1 */ { 0, 1, 2, -1, -1, 1 }, /* P2 */ { 1, 0, 2, -1, 1, 1 }, /* P3 */ { 0, 1, 2, -1, 1, -1 }, /* P4 */ { 1, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1 }, /* P5 */ { 0, 1, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, /* P6 */ { 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, -1 }, /* P7 */ }; static const struct sensor_meta_s g_sensor_meta[] = { {0, NULL}, {sizeof(struct sensor_accel), "accel"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_mag), "mag"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_orientation), "orientation"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gyro), "gyro"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_light), "light"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_baro), "baro"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_noise), "noise"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_prox), "prox"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_rgb), "rgb"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_accel), "linear_accel"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_rotation), "rotation"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_humi), "humi"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_temp), "temp"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_pm25), "pm25"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_pm1p0), "pm1p0"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_pm10), "pm10"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "motion_detect"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "step_detector"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_step_counter), "step_counter"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ph), "ph"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_hrate), "hrate"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "tilt_detector"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "wake_gesture"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "glance_gesture"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "pickup_gesture"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "wrist_tilt"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_orientation), "device_orientation"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_pose_6dof), "pose_6dof"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gas), "gas"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "significant_motion"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_hbeat), "hbeat"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_force), "force"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_hall), "hall"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_event), "offbody_detector"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_uv), "uv"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_angle), "hinge_angle"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ir), "ir"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_hcho), "hcho"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_tvoc), "tvoc"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_dust), "dust"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ecg), "ecg"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ppgd), "ppgd"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ppgq), "ppgq"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_impd), "impd"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_ots), "ots"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_co2), "co2"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_cap), "cap"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_eng), "eng"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gnss), "gnss"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gnss_satellite), "gnss_satellite"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gnss_measurement), "gnss_measurement"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gnss_clock), "gnss_clock"}, {sizeof(struct sensor_gnss_geofence_event), "gnss_geofence_event"}, }; static const struct file_operations g_sensor_fops = { sensor_open, /* open */ sensor_close, /* close */ sensor_read, /* read */ sensor_write, /* write */ NULL, /* seek */ sensor_ioctl, /* ioctl */ NULL, /* mmap */ NULL, /* truncate */ sensor_poll /* poll */ }; /**************************************************************************** * Private Functions ****************************************************************************/ static void sensor_lock(FAR void *priv) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = priv; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); } static void sensor_unlock(FAR void *priv) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = priv; nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } static int sensor_update_interval(FAR struct file *filep, FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, FAR struct sensor_user_s *user, uint32_t interval) { FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *tmp; uint32_t min_interval = interval; uint32_t min_latency = interval != UINT32_MAX ? user->state.latency : UINT32_MAX; int ret = 0; if (interval == user->state.interval) { return 0; } list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, tmp, struct sensor_user_s, node) { if (tmp == user || tmp->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { continue; } if (min_interval > tmp->state.interval) { min_interval = tmp->state.interval; } if (min_latency > tmp->state.latency) { min_latency = tmp->state.latency; } } if (lower->ops->set_interval) { if (min_interval != UINT32_MAX && min_interval != upper->state.min_interval) { uint32_t expected_interval = min_interval; ret = lower->ops->set_interval(lower, filep, &min_interval); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } else if (min_interval > expected_interval) { return -EINVAL; } } if (min_latency == UINT32_MAX) { min_latency = 0; } if (lower->ops->batch && (min_latency != upper->state.min_latency || (min_interval != upper->state.min_interval && min_latency))) { ret = lower->ops->batch(lower, filep, &min_latency); if (ret >= 0) { upper->state.min_latency = min_latency; } } } upper->state.min_interval = min_interval; user->state.interval = interval; sensor_pollnotify(upper, POLLPRI, SENSOR_ROLE_WR); return ret; } static int sensor_update_latency(FAR struct file *filep, FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, FAR struct sensor_user_s *user, uint32_t latency) { FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *tmp; uint32_t min_latency = latency; int ret = 0; if (latency == user->state.latency) { return 0; } if (user->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { user->state.latency = latency; return 0; } if (latency <= upper->state.min_latency) { goto update; } list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, tmp, struct sensor_user_s, node) { if (tmp == user || tmp->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { continue; } if (min_latency > tmp->state.latency) { min_latency = tmp->state.latency; } } update: if (min_latency == UINT32_MAX) { min_latency = 0; } if (min_latency == upper->state.min_latency) { user->state.latency = latency; return ret; } if (lower->ops->batch) { ret = lower->ops->batch(lower, filep, &min_latency); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } } upper->state.min_latency = min_latency; user->state.latency = latency; sensor_pollnotify(upper, POLLPRI, SENSOR_ROLE_WR); return ret; } static void sensor_generate_timing(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, unsigned long nums) { uint32_t interval = upper->state.min_interval != UINT32_MAX ? upper->state.min_interval : 1; while (nums-- > 0) { upper->state.generation += interval; circbuf_overwrite(&upper->timing, &upper->state.generation, TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); } } static bool sensor_is_updated(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, FAR struct sensor_user_s *user) { long delta = (long long)upper->state.generation - user->state.generation; if (delta <= 0) { return false; } else if (user->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { return true; } else { /* Check whether next generation user want in buffer. * generation next generation(not published yet) * ____v_____________v * ////|//////^ | * ^ middle point * next generation user want */ return delta >= user->state.interval - (upper->state.min_interval >> 1); } } static void sensor_catch_up(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, FAR struct sensor_user_s *user) { uint32_t generation; long delta; circbuf_peek(&upper->timing, &generation, TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); delta = (long long)generation - user->state.generation; if (delta > 0) { user->bufferpos = upper->timing.tail / TIMING_BUF_ESIZE; if (user->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { user->state.generation = generation - 1; } else { delta -= upper->state.min_interval >> 1; user->state.generation += ROUND_DOWN(delta, user->state.interval); } } } static ssize_t sensor_do_samples(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, FAR struct sensor_user_s *user, FAR char *buffer, size_t len) { uint32_t generation; ssize_t ret = 0; size_t nums; size_t pos; size_t end; sensor_catch_up(upper, user); nums = upper->timing.head / TIMING_BUF_ESIZE - user->bufferpos; if (len < nums * upper->state.esize) { nums = len / upper->state.esize; } len = nums * upper->state.esize; /* Take samples continuously */ if (user->state.interval == UINT32_MAX) { if (buffer != NULL) { ret = circbuf_peekat(&upper->buffer, user->bufferpos * upper->state.esize, buffer, len); } else { ret = len; } user->bufferpos += nums; circbuf_peekat(&upper->timing, (user->bufferpos - 1) * TIMING_BUF_ESIZE, &user->state.generation, TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); return ret; } /* Take samples one-bye-one, to determine whether a sample needed: * * If user's next generation is on the left side of middle point, * we should copy this sample for user. * next_generation(or end) * ________________v____ * timing buffer: //|//////. | * ^ middle * generation * next sample(or end) * ________________v____ * data buffer: | | * ^ * sample */ pos = user->bufferpos; end = upper->timing.head / TIMING_BUF_ESIZE; circbuf_peekat(&upper->timing, pos * TIMING_BUF_ESIZE, &generation, TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); while (pos++ != end) { uint32_t next_generation; long delta; if (pos * TIMING_BUF_ESIZE == upper->timing.head) { next_generation = upper->state.generation + upper->state.min_interval; } else { circbuf_peekat(&upper->timing, pos * TIMING_BUF_ESIZE, &next_generation, TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); } delta = next_generation + generation - ((user->state.generation + user->state.interval) << 1); if (delta >= 0) { if (buffer != NULL) { ret += circbuf_peekat(&upper->buffer, (pos - 1) * upper->state.esize, buffer + ret, upper->state.esize); } else { ret += upper->state.esize; } user->bufferpos = pos; user->state.generation += user->state.interval; if (ret >= len) { break; } } generation = next_generation; } if (pos - 1 == end && sensor_is_updated(upper, user)) { generation = upper->state.generation - user->state.generation + (upper->state.min_interval >> 1); user->state.generation += ROUND_DOWN(generation, user->state.interval); } return ret; } static void sensor_pollnotify_one(FAR struct sensor_user_s *user, pollevent_t eventset, sensor_role_t role) { if (!(user->role & role)) { return; } if (eventset == POLLPRI) { user->changed = true; } poll_notify(&user->fds, 1, eventset); } static void sensor_pollnotify(FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper, pollevent_t eventset, sensor_role_t role) { FAR struct sensor_user_s *user; list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, user, struct sensor_user_s, node) { sensor_pollnotify_one(user, eventset, role); } } static int sensor_open(FAR struct file *filep) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user; int ret = 0; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); user = kmm_zalloc(sizeof(struct sensor_user_s)); if (user == NULL) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto errout_with_lock; } if (lower->ops->open) { ret = lower->ops->open(lower, filep); if (ret < 0) { goto errout_with_user; } } if ((filep->f_oflags & O_DIRECT) == 0) { if (filep->f_oflags & O_RDOK) { if (upper->state.nsubscribers == 0 && lower->ops->activate) { ret = lower->ops->activate(lower, filep, true); if (ret < 0) { goto errout_with_open; } } user->role |= SENSOR_ROLE_RD; upper->state.nsubscribers++; } if (filep->f_oflags & O_WROK) { user->role |= SENSOR_ROLE_WR; upper->state.nadvertisers++; if (filep->f_oflags & SENSOR_PERSIST) { lower->persist = true; } } } if (upper->state.generation && lower->persist) { user->state.generation = upper->state.generation - 1; user->bufferpos = upper->timing.head / TIMING_BUF_ESIZE - 1; } else { user->state.generation = upper->state.generation; user->bufferpos = upper->timing.head / TIMING_BUF_ESIZE; } user->state.interval = UINT32_MAX; user->state.esize = upper->state.esize; nxsem_init(&user->buffersem, 0, 0); list_add_tail(&upper->userlist, &user->node); /* The new user generation, notify to other users */ sensor_pollnotify(upper, POLLPRI, SENSOR_ROLE_WR); filep->f_priv = user; goto errout_with_lock; errout_with_open: if (lower->ops->close) { lower->ops->close(lower, filep); } errout_with_user: kmm_free(user); errout_with_lock: nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } static int sensor_close(FAR struct file *filep) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user = filep->f_priv; int ret = 0; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); if (lower->ops->close) { ret = lower->ops->close(lower, filep); if (ret < 0) { nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } } if ((filep->f_oflags & O_DIRECT) == 0) { if (filep->f_oflags & O_RDOK) { upper->state.nsubscribers--; if (upper->state.nsubscribers == 0 && lower->ops->activate) { lower->ops->activate(lower, filep, false); } } if (filep->f_oflags & O_WROK) { upper->state.nadvertisers--; } } list_delete(&user->node); sensor_update_latency(filep, upper, user, UINT32_MAX); sensor_update_interval(filep, upper, user, UINT32_MAX); nxsem_destroy(&user->buffersem); /* The user is closed, notify to other users */ sensor_pollnotify(upper, POLLPRI, SENSOR_ROLE_WR); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); kmm_free(user); return ret; } static ssize_t sensor_read(FAR struct file *filep, FAR char *buffer, size_t len) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user = filep->f_priv; ssize_t ret; if (!len) { return -EINVAL; } nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); if (lower->ops->fetch) { if (buffer == NULL) { return -EINVAL; } if (!(filep->f_oflags & O_NONBLOCK)) { nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); ret = nxsem_wait_uninterruptible(&user->buffersem); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); } else if (!upper->state.nsubscribers) { ret = -EAGAIN; goto out; } ret = lower->ops->fetch(lower, filep, buffer, len); } else if (circbuf_is_empty(&upper->buffer)) { ret = -ENODATA; } else if (sensor_is_updated(upper, user)) { ret = sensor_do_samples(upper, user, buffer, len); } else if (lower->persist) { if (buffer == NULL) { ret = upper->state.esize; } else { /* Persistent device can get latest old data if not updated. */ ret = circbuf_peekat(&upper->buffer, (user->bufferpos - 1) * upper->state.esize, buffer, upper->state.esize); } } else { ret = -ENODATA; } out: nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } static ssize_t sensor_write(FAR struct file *filep, FAR const char *buffer, size_t buflen) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; return lower->push_event(lower->priv, buffer, buflen); } static int sensor_ioctl(FAR struct file *filep, int cmd, unsigned long arg) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user = filep->f_priv; uint32_t arg1 = (uint32_t)arg; int ret = 0; switch (cmd) { case SNIOC_GET_STATE: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); memcpy((FAR void *)(uintptr_t)arg, &upper->state, sizeof(upper->state)); user->changed = false; nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_GET_USTATE: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); memcpy((FAR void *)(uintptr_t)arg, &user->state, sizeof(user->state)); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_SET_INTERVAL: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); ret = sensor_update_interval(filep, upper, user, arg1 ? arg1 : UINT32_MAX); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_BATCH: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); ret = sensor_update_latency(filep, upper, user, arg1); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_SELFTEST: { if (lower->ops->selftest == NULL) { ret = -ENOTSUP; break; } ret = lower->ops->selftest(lower, filep, arg); } break; case SNIOC_SET_CALIBVALUE: { if (lower->ops->set_calibvalue == NULL) { ret = -ENOTSUP; break; } ret = lower->ops->set_calibvalue(lower, filep, arg); } break; case SNIOC_CALIBRATE: { if (lower->ops->calibrate == NULL) { ret = -ENOTSUP; break; } ret = lower->ops->calibrate(lower, filep, arg); } break; case SNIOC_SET_USERPRIV: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); upper->state.priv = (uint64_t)arg; nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_SET_BUFFER_NUMBER: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); if (!circbuf_is_init(&upper->buffer)) { if (arg1 >= lower->nbuffer) { lower->nbuffer = arg1; upper->state.nbuffer = arg1; } else { ret = -ERANGE; } } else { ret = -EBUSY; } nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_UPDATED: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); *(FAR bool *)(uintptr_t)arg = sensor_is_updated(upper, user); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_GET_INFO: { if (lower->ops->get_info == NULL) { ret = -ENOTSUP; break; } ret = lower->ops->get_info(lower, filep, (FAR struct sensor_device_info_s *)(uintptr_t)arg); } break; case SNIOC_GET_EVENTS: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); *(FAR unsigned int *)(uintptr_t)arg = user->event; user->event = 0; user->changed = false; nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; case SNIOC_FLUSH: { nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); /* If the sensor is not activated, return -EINVAL. */ if (upper->state.nsubscribers == 0) { nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return -EINVAL; } if (lower->ops->flush != NULL) { /* Lower half driver will do flush in asynchronous mode, * flush will be completed until push event happened with * bytes is zero. */ ret = lower->ops->flush(lower, filep); if (ret >= 0) { user->flushing = true; } } else { /* If flush is not supported, complete immediately */ user->event |= SENSOR_EVENT_FLUSH_COMPLETE; sensor_pollnotify_one(user, POLLPRI, user->role); } nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } break; default: /* Lowerhalf driver process other cmd. */ if (lower->ops->control) { ret = lower->ops->control(lower, filep, cmd, arg); } else { ret = -ENOTTY; } break; } return ret; } static int sensor_poll(FAR struct file *filep, FAR struct pollfd *fds, bool setup) { FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode; FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = inode->i_private; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user = filep->f_priv; pollevent_t eventset = 0; int semcount; int ret = 0; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); if (setup) { /* Don't have enough space to store fds */ if (user->fds) { ret = -ENOSPC; goto errout; } user->fds = fds; fds->priv = filep; if (lower->ops->fetch) { /* Always return POLLIN for fetch data directly(non-block) */ if (filep->f_oflags & O_NONBLOCK) { eventset |= POLLIN; } else { nxsem_get_value(&user->buffersem, &semcount); if (semcount > 0) { eventset |= POLLIN; } } } else if (sensor_is_updated(upper, user)) { eventset |= POLLIN; } if (user->changed) { eventset |= POLLPRI; } poll_notify(&fds, 1, eventset); } else { user->fds = NULL; fds->priv = NULL; } errout: nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } static ssize_t sensor_push_event(FAR void *priv, FAR const void *data, size_t bytes) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = priv; FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower = upper->lower; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user; unsigned long envcount; int semcount; int ret; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); if (bytes == 0) { list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, user, struct sensor_user_s, node) { if (user->flushing) { user->flushing = false; user->event |= SENSOR_EVENT_FLUSH_COMPLETE; sensor_pollnotify_one(user, POLLPRI, user->role); } } nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return 0; } envcount = bytes / upper->state.esize; if (bytes != envcount * upper->state.esize) { nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return -EINVAL; } if (!circbuf_is_init(&upper->buffer)) { /* Initialize sensor buffer when data is first generated */ ret = circbuf_init(&upper->buffer, NULL, lower->nbuffer * upper->state.esize); if (ret < 0) { nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } ret = circbuf_init(&upper->timing, NULL, lower->nbuffer * TIMING_BUF_ESIZE); if (ret < 0) { circbuf_uninit(&upper->buffer); nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return ret; } } circbuf_overwrite(&upper->buffer, data, bytes); sensor_generate_timing(upper, envcount); list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, user, struct sensor_user_s, node) { if (sensor_is_updated(upper, user)) { nxsem_get_value(&user->buffersem, &semcount); if (semcount < 1) { nxsem_post(&user->buffersem); } sensor_pollnotify_one(user, POLLIN, SENSOR_ROLE_RD); } } nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); return bytes; } static void sensor_notify_event(FAR void *priv) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper = priv; FAR struct sensor_user_s *user; int semcount; nxrmutex_lock(&upper->lock); list_for_every_entry(&upper->userlist, user, struct sensor_user_s, node) { nxsem_get_value(&user->buffersem, &semcount); if (semcount < 1) { nxsem_post(&user->buffersem); } sensor_pollnotify_one(user, POLLIN, SENSOR_ROLE_RD); } nxrmutex_unlock(&upper->lock); } /**************************************************************************** * Public Functions ****************************************************************************/ /**************************************************************************** * Name: sensor_remap_vector_raw16 * * Description: * This function remap the sensor data according to the place position on * board. The value of place is determined base on g_remap_tbl. * * Input Parameters: * in - A pointer to input data need remap. * out - A pointer to output data. * place - The place position of sensor on board, * ex:SENSOR_BODY_COORDINATE_PX * ****************************************************************************/ void sensor_remap_vector_raw16(FAR const int16_t *in, FAR int16_t *out, int place) { FAR const struct sensor_axis_map_s *remap; int16_t tmp[3]; DEBUGASSERT(place < (sizeof(g_remap_tbl) / sizeof(g_remap_tbl[0]))); remap = &g_remap_tbl[place]; tmp[0] = in[remap->src_x] * remap->sign_x; tmp[1] = in[remap->src_y] * remap->sign_y; tmp[2] = in[remap->src_z] * remap->sign_z; memcpy(out, tmp, sizeof(tmp)); } /**************************************************************************** * Name: sensor_register * * Description: * This function binds an instance of a "lower half" Sensor driver with the * "upper half" Sensor device and registers that device so that can be used * by application code. * * We will register the chararter device by node name format based on the * type of sensor. Multiple types of the same type are distinguished by * numbers. eg: accel0, accel1 * * Input Parameters: * dev - A pointer to an instance of lower half sensor driver. This * instance is bound to the sensor driver and must persists as long * as the driver persists. * devno - The user specifies which device of this type, from 0. If the * devno alerady exists, -EEXIST will be returned. * * Returned Value: * OK if the driver was successfully register; A negated errno value is * returned on any failure. * ****************************************************************************/ int sensor_register(FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower, int devno) { FAR char *path; int ret; DEBUGASSERT(lower != NULL); path = lib_get_pathbuffer(); if (path == NULL) { return -ENOMEM; } snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, DEVNAME_FMT, g_sensor_meta[lower->type].name, lower->uncalibrated ? DEVNAME_UNCAL : "", devno); ret = sensor_custom_register(lower, path, g_sensor_meta[lower->type].esize); lib_put_pathbuffer(path); return ret; } /**************************************************************************** * Name: sensor_custom_register * * Description: * This function binds an instance of a "lower half" Sensor driver with the * "upper half" Sensor device and registers that device so that can be used * by application code. * * You can register the character device type by specific path and esize. * This API corresponds to the sensor_custom_unregister. * * Input Parameters: * dev - A pointer to an instance of lower half sensor driver. This * instance is bound to the sensor driver and must persists as long * as the driver persists. * path - The user specifies path of device. ex: /dev/uorb/xxx. * esize - The element size of intermediate circular buffer. * * Returned Value: * OK if the driver was successfully register; A negated errno value is * returned on any failure. * ****************************************************************************/ int sensor_custom_register(FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower, FAR const char *path, size_t esize) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper; int ret = -EINVAL; DEBUGASSERT(lower != NULL); if (lower->type >= SENSOR_TYPE_COUNT || !esize) { snerr("ERROR: type is invalid\n"); return ret; } /* Allocate the upper-half data structure */ upper = kmm_zalloc(sizeof(struct sensor_upperhalf_s)); if (!upper) { snerr("ERROR: Allocation failed\n"); return -ENOMEM; } /* Initialize the upper-half data structure */ list_initialize(&upper->userlist); upper->state.esize = esize; upper->state.min_interval = UINT32_MAX; if (lower->ops->activate) { upper->state.nadvertisers = 1; } nxrmutex_init(&upper->lock); /* Bind the lower half data structure member */ lower->priv = upper; lower->sensor_lock = sensor_lock; lower->sensor_unlock = sensor_unlock; if (!lower->ops->fetch) { if (!lower->nbuffer) { lower->nbuffer = 1; } lower->push_event = sensor_push_event; } else { lower->notify_event = sensor_notify_event; lower->nbuffer = 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_SENSORS_RPMSG lower = sensor_rpmsg_register(lower, path); if (lower == NULL) { ret = -EIO; goto rpmsg_err; } #endif upper->state.nbuffer = lower->nbuffer; upper->lower = lower; sninfo("Registering %s\n", path); ret = register_driver(path, &g_sensor_fops, 0666, upper); if (ret) { goto drv_err; } return ret; drv_err: #ifdef CONFIG_SENSORS_RPMSG sensor_rpmsg_unregister(lower); rpmsg_err: #endif nxrmutex_destroy(&upper->lock); kmm_free(upper); return ret; } /**************************************************************************** * Name: sensor_unregister * * Description: * This function unregister character node and release all resource about * upper half driver. * * Input Parameters: * dev - A pointer to an instance of lower half sensor driver. This * instance is bound to the sensor driver and must persists as long * as the driver persists. * devno - The user specifies which device of this type, from 0. ****************************************************************************/ void sensor_unregister(FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower, int devno) { FAR char *path; path = lib_get_pathbuffer(); if (path == NULL) { return; } snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, DEVNAME_FMT, g_sensor_meta[lower->type].name, lower->uncalibrated ? DEVNAME_UNCAL : "", devno); sensor_custom_unregister(lower, path); lib_put_pathbuffer(path); } /**************************************************************************** * Name: sensor_custom_unregister * * Description: * This function unregister character node and release all resource about * upper half driver. This API corresponds to the sensor_custom_register. * * Input Parameters: * dev - A pointer to an instance of lower half sensor driver. This * instance is bound to the sensor driver and must persists as long * as the driver persists. * path - The user specifies path of device, ex: /dev/uorb/xxx ****************************************************************************/ void sensor_custom_unregister(FAR struct sensor_lowerhalf_s *lower, FAR const char *path) { FAR struct sensor_upperhalf_s *upper; DEBUGASSERT(lower != NULL); DEBUGASSERT(lower->priv != NULL); upper = lower->priv; sninfo("UnRegistering %s\n", path); unregister_driver(path); #ifdef CONFIG_SENSORS_RPMSG sensor_rpmsg_unregister(lower); #endif nxrmutex_destroy(&upper->lock); if (circbuf_is_init(&upper->buffer)) { circbuf_uninit(&upper->buffer); circbuf_uninit(&upper->timing); } kmm_free(upper); }

import pygame import math import random from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb # 用于HSV颜色转换 pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 物理参数配置 GRAVITY = 0.5 AIR_RESISTANCE = 0.99 MAX_HEARTS = 100 # 最大爱心数量限制 class Heart: def __init__(self, pos, velocity, size): self.pos = list(pos) self.velocity = list(velocity) self.size = size self.angle = 0 self.hue = random.random() # 初始随机色相 self.lifespan = 255 # 透明度实现渐隐效果 self.rotation_speed = random.uniform(-3, 3) # 随机旋转速度 def update(self): # 应用物理效果 self.velocity[1] += GRAVITY self.velocity[0] *= AIR_RESISTANCE self.velocity[1] *= AIR_RESISTANCE # 更新位置 self.pos[0] += self.velocity[0] self.pos[1] += self.velocity[1] # 更新属性 self.angle += math.radians(self.rotation_speed) self.hue = (self.hue + 0.005) % 1 # 色相渐变 self.lifespan -= 2 # 逐渐消失 def draw_heart(surface, heart): points = [] size = heart.size * (heart.lifespan/255) # 尺寸随生命周期减小 for t in range(0, 628, 5): # θ从0到2π(约628毫弧度) # 心形参数方程 x = size * (16 * math.sin(math.radians(t/10))**3) y = -size * (13 * math.cos(math.radians(t/10)) - 5*math.cos(2*math.radians(t/10)) - 2*math.cos(3*math.radians(t/10)) - math.cos(4*math.radians(t/10))) # 坐标旋转 rotated_x = heart.pos[0] + (x * math.cos(heart.angle) - y * math.sin(heart.angle)) rotated_y = heart.pos[1] + (x * math.sin(heart.angle) + y * math.cos(heart.angle)) points.append((rotated_x, rotated_y)) # HSV转RGB颜色,加入透明度效果 color = tuple(int(255 * x) for x in hsv_to_rgb(heart.hue, 0.8, 0.9)) + (heart.lifespan,) pygame.draw.polygon(surface, color, points) # 初始化爱心列表和流体场 hearts = [] fluid_field = [[(math.sin(x/50 + pygame.time.get_ticks()/500)*2, math.cos(y/50 + pygame.time.get_ticks()/600)*2) for x in range(0, 800, 20)] for y in range(0, 600, 20)] running = True while running: screen.fill((30,30,30)) # 处理事件 for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: # 点击时生成带有随机初速度的爱心 speed = random.uniform(3, 8) angle = random.uniform(-math.pi/2, math.pi/2) hearts.append(Heart( event.pos, [math.cos(angle)*speed, math.sin(angle)*speed - 5], random.randint(8, 15) )) # 更新流体场(简单正弦波模拟) fluid_field = [[(math.sin(x/50 + pygame.time.get_ticks()/500 + i/10)*2, math.cos(y/50 + pygame.time.get_ticks()/600 + j/10)*2) for i, x in enumerate(range(0, 800, 20))] for j, y in enumerate(range(0, 600, 20))] # 鼠标跟随生成爱心(拖尾效果) mx, my = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if pygame.mouse.get_focused(): hearts.append(Heart( (mx + random.uniform(-10,10), my + random.uniform(-10,10)), [random.uniform(-1,1), random.uniform(-3,0)], random.randint(5,10) )) # 更新并绘制所有爱心 for heart in hearts[:]: # 应用流体场力 grid_x = min(int(heart.pos[0]/20), len(fluid_field[0])-1) grid_y = min(int(heart.pos[1]/20), len(fluid_field)-1) fluid_force = fluid_field[grid_y][grid_x] heart.velocity[0] += fluid_force[0] * 0.1 heart.velocity[1] += fluid_force[1] * 0.1 heart.update() draw_heart(screen, heart) if heart.lifespan <= 0 or len(hearts) > MAX_HEARTS: hearts.remove(heart) pygame.display.flip() clock.tick(60) pygame.quit() 帮我把你刚刚的提示整合到这段代码里

我正在编辑【python】代码,遇到了 【画图结果出错】 ,请帮我检查并改正错误点。我的原始代码如下: 【import numpy as np from scipy.optimize import newton import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator # ========================== # CO₂物性参数设置 # ========================== Tc = 304.13 # 临界温度 (K) Pc = 7.38e6 # 临界压力 (Pa) omega = 0.225 # 偏心因子 R = 8.314 # 气体常数 (J/(mol·K)) M = 44.01e-3 # 摩尔质量 (kg/mol) # ========================== # PR状态方程相关函数 # ========================== def pr_parameters(T): """计算PR方程参数a和b""" k = 0.37464 + 1.54226 * omega - 0.26992 * omega ** 2 alpha = (1 + k * (1 - np.sqrt(T / Tc))) ** 2 a = 0.45724 * (R ** 2 * Tc ** 2) / Pc * alpha b = 0.07780 * R * Tc / Pc return a, b def pr_equation(Z, T, P): """定义PR方程的三次方形式""" a, b = pr_parameters(T) A = a * P / (R ** 2 * T ** 2) B = b * P / (R * T) return Z ** 3 - (1 - B) * Z ** 2 + (A - 3 * B ** 2 - 2 * B) * Z - (A * B - B ** 2 - B ** 3) def calculate_density(T, P): """计算CO₂密度 (kg/m³)""" try: # 牛顿迭代法求解压缩因子 Z_initial_guess = 0.6 # 超临界流体典型初始值 Z = newton(pr_equation, Z_initial_guess, args=(T, P)) molar_volume = Z * R * T / P # 摩尔体积 (m³/mol) return M / molar_volume except: return np.nan # 处理不收敛情况 # ========================== # 敏感性分析参数设置 # ========================== # 温度范围 (转换为开尔文) T_min = 31 + 273.15 # 304.15 K T_max = 100 + 273.15 # 373.15 K P_min = 7e6 # 7 MPa (转换为Pa) P_max = 30e6 # 30 MPa # 网格参数 n_points = 50 # 网格密度 delta = 0.1 # 差分步长 (K/MPa) # 生成计算网格 T_values = np.linspace(T_min, T_max, n_points) P_values = np.linspace(P_min, P_max, n_points) TT, PP = np.meshgrid(T_values, P_values) # ========================== # 主计算循环 # ========================== d_rho_dT = np.zeros_like(TT) d_rho_dP = np.zeros_like(TT) rho_grid = np.zeros_like(TT) print("开始计算密度场...") for i in range(n_points): for j in range(n_points): T = TT[i, j] P = PP[i, j] # 计算基础密度 rho = calculate_density(T, P) rho_grid[i, j] = rho # 温度敏感性 (中心差分) if T + delta <= T_max and T - delta >= T_min: rho_Tp = calculate_density(T + delta, P) rho_Tm = calculate_density(T - delta, P) d_rho_dT[i, j] = (rho_Tp - rho_Tm) / (2 * delta) # 压力敏感性 (中心差分) if P + delta * 1e6 <= P_max and P - delta * 1e6 >= P_min: rho_Pp = calculate_density(T, P + delta * 1e6) rho_Pm = calculate_density(T, P - delta * 1e6) d_rho_dP[i, j] = (rho_Pp - rho_Pm) / (2 * delta * 1e6) print("计算完成,开始绘图...") # ========================== # 可视化设置 # ========================== plt.rcParams.update({'font.size': 12, 'font.family': 'Arial'}) extent = [T_min - 273.15, T_max - 273.15, P_min / 1e6, P_max / 1e6] # 温度敏感性热图 plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5)) plt.subplot(121) cf = plt.contourf(TT - 273.15, PP / 1e6, np.abs(d_rho_dT), levels=50, cmap='viridis') plt.colorbar(cf, label='|∂ρ/∂T| (kg/m³/K)') plt.contour(TT - 273.15, PP / 1e6, np.abs(d_rho_dT), colors='k', linewidths=0.5, levels=10) plt.scatter(Tc - 273.15, Pc / 1e6, c='red', marker='*', s=100, label='Critical Point') plt.xlabel('Temperature (°C)') plt.ylabel('Pressure (MPa)') plt.title('Temperature Sensitivity') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.legend() # 压力敏感性热图 plt.subplot(122) cf = plt.contourf(TT - 273.15, PP / 1e6, np.abs(d_rho_dP), levels=50, cmap='plasma') plt.colorbar(cf, label='|∂ρ/∂P| (kg/m³/MPa)') plt.contour(TT - 273.15, PP / 1e6, np.abs(d_rho_dP), colors='k', linewidths=0.5, levels=10) plt.scatter(Tc - 273.15, Pc / 1e6, c='red', marker='*', s=100, label='Critical Point') plt.xlabel('Temperature (°C)') plt.ylabel('Pressure (MPa)') plt.title('Pressure Sensitivity') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.legend() plt.tight_layout() plt.show() # ========================== # 高敏感区域识别 # ========================== # 识别敏感性高于平均值的区域 threshold_T = 0.8 * np.nanmax(np.abs(d_rho_dT)) threshold_P = 0.8 * np.nanmax(np.abs(d_rho_dP)) high_sens_T = np.where(np.abs(d_rho_dT) > threshold_T) high_sens_P = np.where(np.abs(d_rho_dP) > threshold_P) print("\n高温度敏感性区域特征:") print(f"- 温度范围: {np.min(TT[high_sens_T] - 273.15):.1f} ~ {np.max(TT[high_sens_T] - 273.15):.1f} °C") print(f"- 压力范围: {np.min(PP[high_sens_T] / 1e6):.1f} ~ {np.max(PP[high_sens_T] / 1e6):.1f} MPa") print("\n高压力敏感性区域特征:") print(f"- 温度范围: {np.min(TT[high_sens_P]-273.15):.1f} ~ {np.max(TT[high_sens_P] - 273.15):.1f} °C") print(f"- 压力范围: {np.min(PP[high_sens_P] / 1e6):.1f} ~ {np.max(PP[high_sens_P] / 1e6):.1f} MPa") # ========================== # 新增:折线图绘制函数 # ========================== def plot_sensitivity_profiles(): # 设置固定参数 fixed_pressures = [7.38, 10, 15, 20] # MPa (临界压力和其他典型值) fixed_temperatures = [35, 50, 60] # °C # 创建画布 plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10)) # =================================================================== # 子图1:固定压力时温度敏感性随温度变化 # =================================================================== plt.subplot(2, 2, 1) for P_fixed in fixed_pressures: # 找到最接近的压力索引 P_idx = np.argmin(np.abs(P_values / 1e6 - P_fixed)) # 提取对应压力下的数据 T_profile = TT[:, P_idx] - 273.15 # 转换为°C sens_profile = np.abs(d_rho_dT[:, P_idx]) # 过滤无效值 valid = ~np.isnan(sens_profile) plt.plot(T_profile[valid], sens_profile[valid], lw=2, marker='o', markersize=5, label=f'P={P_fixed} MPa') plt.xlabel('Temperature (°C)') plt.ylabel('|∂ρ/∂T| (kg/m³/K)') plt.title('Temperature Sensitivity at Fixed Pressures') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.legend() # =================================================================== # 子图2:固定温度时压力敏感性随压力变化 # =================================================================== plt.subplot(2, 2, 2) for T_fixed in fixed_temperatures: # 找到最接近的温度索引 T_idx = np.argmin(np.abs(T_values - (T_fixed + 273.15))) # 提取对应温度下的数据 P_profile = PP[T_idx, :] / 1e6 # 转换为MPa sens_profile = np.abs(d_rho_dP[T_idx, :]) # 过滤无效值 valid = ~np.isnan(sens_profile) plt.plot(P_profile[valid], sens_profile[valid], lw=2, marker='s', markersize=5, label=f'T={T_fixed}°C') plt.xlabel('Pressure (MPa)') plt.ylabel('|∂ρ/∂P| (kg/m³/MPa)') plt.title('Pressure Sensitivity at Fixed Temperatures') plt.grid(alpha=0.3) plt.legend() # =================================================================== # 子图3:固定压力时压力敏感性随温度变化(交叉分析) # =================================================================== plt.subplot(2, 2, 3) for P_fixed in fixed_pressures: P_idx = np.argmin(np.abs(P_values / 1e6 - P_fixed)) T_profile = TT[:, P_idx] - 273.15 sens_profile = np.abs(d_rho_dP[:, P_idx]) valid = ~np.isnan(sens_profile) plt.semilogy(T_profile[valid], sens_profile[valid], # 对数坐标 lw=2, linestyle='--', label=f'P={P_fixed} MPa') plt.xlabel('Temperature (°C)') plt.ylabel('|∂ρ/∂P| (kg/m³/MPa)') plt.title('Pressure Sensitivity vs Temperature (log scale)') plt.grid(alpha=0.3, which='both') plt.legend() # =================================================================== # 子图4:固定温度时温度敏感性随压力变化(交叉分析) # =================================================================== plt.subplot(2, 2, 4) for T_fixed in fixed_temperatures: T_idx = np.argmin(np.abs(T_values - (T_fixed + 273.15))) P_profile = PP[T_idx, :] / 1e6 sens_profile = np.abs(d_rho_dT[T_idx, :]) valid = ~np.isnan(sens_profile) plt.semilogy(P_profile[valid], sens_profile[valid], lw=2, linestyle='-.', label=f'T={T_fixed}°C') plt.xlabel('Pressure (MPa)') plt.ylabel('|∂ρ/∂T| (kg/m³/K)') plt.title('Temperature Sensitivity vs Pressure (log scale)') plt.grid(alpha=0.3, which='both') plt.legend() plt.tight_layout() plt.show() # ========================== # 执行绘图 # ========================== print("\n生成折线图...") plot_sensitivity_profiles()】

<?xml version="1.0"?> <launch> <arg name="laser_topic" default="/robot/Sick_LMS_291/laser_scan/layer0" /> <arg name="filtered_laser_topic" default="/scan_filtered" /> <arg name="rviz_config" default="$(find webots_demo)/rviz/robot_gmapping_optimized.rviz" /> <node pkg="tf" type="static_transform_publisher" name="base_to_laser" args="0.2 0 0.15 0 0 0 base_link laser 100" /> <node pkg="tf" type="static_transform_publisher" name="base_to_imu" args="0 0 0.1 0 0 0 base_link imu 100" /> <node pkg="tf" type="static_transform_publisher" name="odom_to_map" args="0 0 0 0 0 0 map odom 100" /> <node pkg="laser_filters" type="scan_to_scan_filter_chain" name="laser_filter"> <rosparam command="load" file="$(find webots_demo)/config/laser_filter.yaml" /> <remap from="scan" to="$(arg laser_topic)" /> <remap from="scan_filtered" to="$(arg filtered_laser_topic)" /> </node> <node pkg="gmapping" type="slam_gmapping" name="slam_gmapping" output="screen"> <remap from="scan" to="$(arg filtered_laser_topic)" /> </node> <node name="robot_broadcaster" pkg="webots_demo" type="robot_broadcaster_gmapping" /> <node name="velocity_controller" pkg="webots_demo" type="key_smooth.py" output="screen"> </node> <node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(arg rviz_config)" output="log"> <remap from="/move_base_simple/goal" to="/move_base_simple/goal_temp" /> </node> <node name="map_saver" pkg="map_server" type="map_saver" args="-f $(find webots_demo)/maps/current_map" output="screen"> <remap from="map" to="/map" /> </node> </launch>这个rviz建图的效果能不能让线条明显一点,效果更好一点

3.2.2 粒子群算法的改进策略 针对咖啡机温度控制系统的非线性、时变特性与实时性需求,本文对标准粒子群算法(PSO)进行了两方面改进,以提升其全局搜索能力与收敛效率: 非线性动态惯性权重 为平衡算法全局探索与局部开发能力,采用指数递减惯性权重策略: w(k)=w_min+(w_max-w_min)⋅e^(-10k/K_max ) 式中,k为当前迭代次数,K_max为最大迭代次数(设为100),w_max=0.9、w_min=0.4。初期权重较高(接近0.9),增强全局搜索;后期快速衰减至0.4,加速局部收敛。 2.自适应学习因子 根据迭代进度动态调整个体学习因子c_1与群体学习因子c_2: c_1 (k)=c_(1,max)-((c_(1,max)-c_(1,min))⋅k)/K_max c_2 (k)=c_(2,min)+((c_(2,max)-c_(2,min))⋅k)/K_max 初始阶段,c_1=2.5、c_2=1.5,侧重个体经验;随着迭代进行,c_1线性降至1.5,c_2升至2.5,逐步转向群体协作。 3.2.3 适应度函数设计与多目标优化 性能指标量化 针对咖啡机温度控制需求,定义四项关键性能指标: 超调量(σ%):反映系统阻尼特性,要求σ%≤5%; 调节时间(t_s):系统进入±1℃误差带的时间,目标t_s≤60s; 稳态误差(e_ss):稳态温度偏差绝对值,要求e_ss≤0.5℃; 能耗积分(∫|u(t)|dt):控制量绝对值的积分,衡量能效。 适应度函数构建 采用加权求和法将多目标转化为单目标优化问题: J=α⋅σ%+β⋅t_s+γ⋅e_ss+δ⋅∫|u(t)|dt 权重系数通过熵权法确定:计算各指标的信息熵E_j,权重ω_j=(1-E_j)/∑(1-E_j)。基于100组历史数据计算得α =0.4、β =0.3、γ =0.2、δ =0.1。 3.2.4 仿真实验与结果分析 传递函数为G(s)=(Ke^(-θs))/(Ts+1)=(0.8e^(-8s))/(45s+1), 1. 实验配置 参数范围:K_p∈[0,5]、K_i∈[0,0.1]、K_d∈[0,10]; 算法参数:粒子数N=50,最大迭代次数K_max=100; 对比基准:传统Z-N法PID与试凑法PID。 优化结果 经过100代迭代,PSO收敛至最优参数:K_p=1.85、K_i=0.023、K_d=7.42,对比实验表明: 超调量:PSO-PID为3.2%,较Z-N法(18.5%)和试凑法(6.7%)分别降低82.7%和52.2%; 调节时间:PSO-PID为42s,较对照组缩短40%以上; 稳态误差:PSO-PID为0.2℃,显著优于对照组的0.8℃(Z-N法)与0.4℃(试凑法); 能耗:PSO-PID总能耗8.9kJ,较Z-N法降低29.4%。3. 动态响应对比 如图3-11所示,PSO-PID在阶跃响应中表现出平滑上升曲线,无显著超调;在t=150s水量突变干扰下,最大偏差仅1.5℃,20s内恢复稳态,鲁棒性显著优于传统方法。 {width=“6.0in” height=“3.0in”} 图3-11 PSO-PID与传统PID的动态响应对比,根据我提供的数据直接帮我绘制PSO-PID与传统PID的动态响应对比图的Matlab代码(代码里要用到非线性动态惯性权重和自适应因子)

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