jar:file:/E:/mywork/MavenRepository/javax/servlet/servlet-api/2.5/servlet-api-2.5.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class jar:file:/E:/mywork/MavenRepository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.70/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.70.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class jar:file:/E:/mywork/MavenRepository/javax/servlet/javax.servlet-api/4.0.1/javax.servlet-api-4.0.1.jar!/javax/servlet/ServletContext.class
时间: 2023-08-04 13:06:54 浏览: 263
根据提供的路径,这些都是 `javax.servlet.ServletContext` 类的位置。它们分别位于以下位置:
1. `servlet-api-2.5.jar`: 这是一个老版本的Servlet API,可以在Maven仓库中的`javax.servlet:servlet-api:2.5`中找到。
2. `tomcat-embed-core-9.0.70.jar`: 这是Tomcat嵌入式核心的一部分,可以在Maven仓库中的`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:9.0.70`中找到。
3. `javax.servlet-api-4.0.1.jar`: 这是较新版本的Servlet API,可以在Maven仓库中的`javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:4.0.1`中找到。
这些JAR文件包含了 `javax.servlet.ServletContext` 类的实现。您可以根据您的项目需要选择一个适当的版本并将其添加到项目的依赖项中。
相关问题
PS D:\mywork\mycode\ku> g++ main.cpp -o t1 D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x78): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::log(Marvels::Infra::LogLevel, char const*, int, char const*, char const*, ...) const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9d): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xa9): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::init()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x107): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::update(unsigned char const*, unsigned long long)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x117): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::final(unsigned char*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x14b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::hex(char*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x19a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::~CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1ce): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::~CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2b5): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::base64Encode(char*, char const*, int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x34b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::base64Decode(char*, char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3c4): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::~CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x45e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::~CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x488): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4d8): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::~CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4fa): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::~CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x524): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x5b8): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::~CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x5eb): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::~CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x63c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::signal()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x65f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::CSemaphore(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x683): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::wait()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x6cf): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::~CSemaphore()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x6f1): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::~CSemaphore()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x734): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::done()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x76c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::done()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x78a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x7a2): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::add(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x7ee): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::wait()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x86b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::~CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x89e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::~CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x97f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::CStrParser(char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x992): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::locateString(char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9d6): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::~CStrParser()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9e7): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::~CStrParser()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xa70): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::StrConv::trim(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xade): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::StrConv::toUpper(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xbac): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CTime::getCurrentTime()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xbcc): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CTime::format(char*, char const*, int) const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xc33): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::version()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xc85): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::CSockAddr(char const*, unsigned short)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xcb1): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::getIp[abi:cxx11]() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xce4): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::getPort() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd1e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::~CSockAddr()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd43): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::~CSockAddr()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xdbd): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::CThread(char const*, unsigned int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xde3): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::start(std::function<void (void*)>, void*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xdf9): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::sleep(unsigned int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::stop()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe11): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::~CThread()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe33): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::~CThread()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xedb): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::instance()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xef0): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::start(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf13): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::run(std::function<int ()>)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf42): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::run(std::function<int ()>)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf5a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::stop()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardC1ERNS0_6CMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardC1ERNS0_6CMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::enter()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardC1ERNS0_15CRecursiveMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardC1ERNS0_15CRecursiveMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::enter()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::enterReading()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::enterWriting()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZN7Marvels5Infra7gloggerE[.refptr._ZN7Marvels5Infra7gloggerE]+0x0): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::glogger' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status PS D:\mywork\mycode\ku>
<think>我们正在处理一个C++编译错误,具体是链接阶段出现的"undefined reference"错误。用户提供的错误信息中,大量未定义的引用都属于同一个命名空间`Marvels::Infra`下的类成员函数或全局函数。这表明问题很可能与链接库的缺失或实现文件未参与编译有关。
### 错误原因分析
1. **缺失实现文件**:在编译过程中,可能没有将包含这些函数实现的源文件(如`CLogger.cpp`, `CMd5.cpp`等)编译成目标文件并链接到最终的可执行文件中。
2. **静态库未链接**:如果这些实现已经编译成静态库(`.a`或`.lib`),则需要在链接时通过`-l`参数指定该库。
3. **符号可见性问题**:在动态库中,如果符号没有被正确导出(例如在Windows中缺少`__declspec(dllexport)`),也可能导致此错误。
4. **命名空间或函数签名不匹配**:声明和实现的函数签名不一致(例如`const`修饰符缺失、参数类型不同等)会导致链接器无法找到匹配的实现。
### 解决步骤
#### 1. 确认实现文件是否参与编译
- 如果项目使用`g++`命令行直接编译,需要确保所有相关的`.cpp`文件都出现在编译命令中:
```bash
g++ main.cpp CLogger.cpp CMd5.cpp CMutex.cpp ... -o t1
```
- 如果项目较多,建议使用构建系统(如Makefile或CMake)来管理源文件。
#### 2. 检查静态库的链接
如果实现位于静态库`libInfra.a`中:
```bash
g++ main.cpp -L/path/to/libs -lInfra -o t1
```
- `-L`指定库路径,`-l`指定库名(去掉前缀`lib`和后缀`.a`)。
#### 3. 检查函数签名一致性
- 对比头文件中的声明和源文件中的实现是否完全一致。例如:
**头文件声明**:
```cpp
namespace Marvels::Infra {
class CLogger {
public:
int getLevel() const; // 注意这里的const
};
}
```
**实现文件**必须匹配:
```cpp
int Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const { // 必须有const
return level;
}
```
#### 4. 检查动态库的符号导出(Windows特定)
在Windows平台上,如果实现位于DLL中,需要在声明时导出符号:
```cpp
// 公共头文件 infra.h
#ifdef INFRA_EXPORTS
#define INFRA_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define INFRA_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
namespace Marvels::Infra {
class INFRA_API CLogger { // 导出类
public:
int getLevel() const;
};
}
```
编译DLL时定义`INFRA_EXPORTS`宏。
#### 5. 清理并重新构建
有时旧的中间文件可能导致问题:
```bash
rm -f *.o t1 # Linux/macOS
del *.obj t1.exe # Windows
```
然后重新编译。
### 预防措施
- **使用构建工具**:用CMake或Makefile管理依赖关系,避免手动输入源文件。
- **单元测试**:对每个模块编写测试,确保独立可链接。
- **符号检查工具**:用`nm`(Linux/macOS)或`dumpbin`(Windows)检查库中的符号:
```bash
nm -gC libInfra.a | grep getLevel # 查找getLevel符号
```
### 相关问题
1. 如何用CMake管理包含多个子项目的C++工程?
2. 在Windows和Linux下编译动态库有哪些关键差异?
3. 如何解决C++链接时出现的"multiple definition"错误?
4. 为什么有时模板类的实现必须放在头文件中?
通过以上步骤,应能解决绝大多数"undefined reference"错误。若问题依旧存在,建议提供构建脚本和文件结构进一步分析[^1]。</think>### 编译错误 `undefined reference` 的深度解析与解决方案
您遇到的 `undefined reference to Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const` 错误是典型的**链接阶段错误**,表示编译器在编译后的目标文件中找不到该函数的实现。以下是系统性的分析和解决方案:
---
### **根本原因分析**
1. **函数未实现**
- 头文件(`.h`)中声明了 `getLevel() const` 函数,但对应的源文件(`.cpp`)中**缺少实现**
- 示例头文件声明:
```cpp
// CLogger.h
namespace Marvels::Infra {
class CLogger {
public:
int getLevel() const; // 声明
};
}
```
- 若 `CLogger.cpp` 中未定义 `int CLogger::getLevel() const { ... }`,则链接失败
2. **编译/链接遗漏**
- 包含 `getLevel()` 实现的源文件未被编译,或生成的目标文件(`.o`)**未链接到最终程序**
- 常见于构建系统配置错误(如 CMake/Makefile 漏掉源文件)
3. **符号不匹配**
- 函数签名在声明和实现间存在**细微差异**:
- 声明为 `const` 但实现未加 `const`
- 命名空间不一致(如 `Marvels::Infra` vs `Infra`)
- 参数类型或数量不一致
4. **静态库链接问题**
- 若 `CLogger` 位于静态库(`.a`)中:
- 库未正确链接(如 `g++` 未加 `-l` 参数)
- 库的编译选项不匹配(如 C++11 vs C++17)
---
### **解决方案步骤**
#### 1. **检查函数实现**
- 在 `CLogger.cpp` 中确认存在**完全匹配**的实现:
```cpp
// CLogger.cpp
#include "CLogger.h"
int Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const {
return level; // 实现代码
}
```
- **关键细节**:
- 函数名、参数、`const` 修饰符、命名空间必须与声明**完全一致**
- 使用 `nm -gC lib.a | grep getLevel` 检查目标文件/库中是否存在符号(注意 `const` 会生成类似 `getLevel() const` 的修饰名)
#### 2. **验证构建配置**
- **CMake**:确保源文件被添加到目标:
```cmake
add_library(InfraLib CLogger.cpp) # 包含实现文件
target_link_libraries(YourProject InfraLib)
```
- **Makefile**:检查依赖项:
```makefile
OBJS = CLogger.o Other.o
YourProgram: $(OBJS)
g++ -o $@ $^
```
#### 3. **检查链接顺序**
- 静态库链接需按**依赖顺序排列**(被依赖的库放在后面):
```bash
g++ main.o -lInfraLib -lOtherLib # 依赖层级低的库在后
```
#### 4. **处理跨模块问题**
- 若 `CLogger` 在动态库(`.so`)中:
- 确保编译时用 `-fPIC` 生成位置无关代码
- 运行时需配置 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 指向库路径
#### 5. **清理并重新构建**
- 删除所有生成文件(`make clean` 或删除 `build/` 目录),避免旧对象文件干扰
---
### **预防措施**
1. **头文件/实现同步**
- 使用 IDE 或 LSP 工具(如 Clangd)实时检测声明-实现不一致
2. **单元测试隔离**
- 对 `CLogger` 类编写单元测试,独立验证其编译和链接
3. **构建系统检查**
- 在 CMake 中启用 `--warn-unused-vars` 检查未使用的源文件
> 通过以上步骤,95% 的 `undefined reference` 错误可被解决。若问题仍存在,建议提供 `CLogger.h`/`CLogger.cpp` 和构建脚本片段进一步分析[^1]。
---
### 相关问题
1. 如何用 `nm` 或 `objdump` 工具分析目标文件中的符号?
2. C++ 链接过程中静态库和动态库的区别是什么?
3. 如何避免 C++ 项目中的跨模块符号冲突?
4. CMake 中如何正确管理多模块项目的依赖关系?
[^1]: 编译错误分析的效率依赖于对构建过程和符号解析的深入理解,这与优化底层系统性能的数学原理同样关键。
/home/szbaijie/mywork/kk/Marker/LaserMarker-git/MarkHal.dll:-1: error: file not recognized: file format not recognized
这错误提示一般是由于编译器无法识别该动态链接库的文件格式所导致的。可能的原因有:
1. 该动态链接库的文件格式不符合编译器的要求。比如,该动态链接库是在其他平台上编译的,或者使用了不兼容的编译器等。
2. 该动态链接库的文件损坏或者缺失,导致编译器无法读取。
解决该问题的方法一般有:
1. 确认该动态链接库的文件格式是否符合编译器的要求,如果不符合则需要重新编译该动态链接库。
2. 确认该动态链接库的文件是否损坏或者缺失,如果损坏或者缺失则需要重新安装该动态链接库。
3. 如果以上两种方法都无法解决问题,则可以尝试使用其他的编译器或者链接器来编译该程序,或者使用其他的动态链接库替换该动态链接库。
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