自动化API测试：从Postman到完整测试流水线

# 自动化API测试：从Postman到完整测试流水线 ## 1. 在Postman中编写HTTP请求测试 我们可以使用URL `http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/item/create/cooking` 创建 `2_create` 测试。以下是测试代码示例： ```javascript var result = pm.response.json() pm.test("response is ok", function () { pm.response.to.have.status(200); }); pm.test("returns two pending item", function(){ if (result["pending_items"].length !== 2){ throw new Error( "returns the wrong number of pending items"); } }) pm.test("Pending item has the correct title", function(){ if (result["pending_items"][0]["title"] !== "washing"){ throw new Error( "title of the pending item is not 'washing'"); } }) pm.test("Pending item has the correct status", function(){ if (result["pending_items"][0]["status"] !== "PENDING"){ throw new Error( "status of the pending item is not 'pending'"); } }) pm.test("Pending item has the correct title", function(){ if (result["pending_items"][1]["title"] !== "cooking"){ throw new Error( "title of the pending item is not 'cooking'"); } }) pm.test("Pending item has the correct status", function(){ if (result["pending_items"][1]["status"] !== "PENDING"){ throw new Error( "status of the pending item is not 'pending'"); } }) pm.test("returns zero done items", function(){ if (result["done_items"].length !== 0){ throw new Error( "returns the wrong number of done items"); } }) pm.test("checking pending item count", function(){ if (result["pending_item_count"].length === 1){ throw new Error( "pending_item_count needs to be one"); } }) pm.test("checking done item count", function(){ if (result["done_item_count"].length === 0){ throw new Error( "done_item_count needs to be zero"); } }) ``` 这些测试也直接适用于 `3_create` 测试，因为重复创建与 `2_create` 使用相同的URL。这些测试有一定的重复性，是练习基本Postman测试的好机会。你可以在以下URL的JSON文件中查看测试：[JSON文件链接](https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Rust-Web-Programming-2nd-Edition/blob/main/chapter09/building_test_pipeline/web_app/scripts/to_do_items.postman_collection.json)。 ## 2. 使用Newman自动化Postman测试 手动运行所有测试可能很繁琐，我们可以使用Newman自动化运行和检查集合中的所有测试。步骤如下： 1. **导出Postman集合为JSON文件**：在Postman左侧导航栏中点击集合，然后点击灰色的“Export”按钮。 2. **检查导出的JSON文件结构**： - 测试套件的头部定义如下： ```json "info": { "_postman_id": "bab28260-c096-49b9-81e6-b56fc5f60e9d", "name": "to_do_items", "schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json", "_exporter_id": "3356974" } ``` - 单个测试定义示例： ```json "item": [ { "name": "1_create", "event": [ { "listen": "test", "script": { "exec": [ "var result = pm.response.json()", ... ], "type": "text/javascript" } } ], "request": { ```