SpringSecurity与测试全面解析

### Spring Security与测试全面解析 #### 1. Spring Security配置与实现 Spring Security是一个强大的安全框架，可用于保护Web应用程序的URL访问、用户认证和授权等操作。以下是详细的配置和实现步骤： ##### 1.1 配置视图解析器 在相关配置文件中，配置视图解析器，指定视图文件的路径和后缀： ```xml <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> ``` ##### 1.2 添加自定义登录 定义角色`ROLE_ADMIN`和对应的凭证，并将URL与角色进行映射。为了提供自定义登录表单，在配置文件中添加`<form:login>`。以下是`security-config.xml`文件的示例代码： ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans:beans xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd"> <http auto-config="true"> <intercept-url pattern="/employee/*" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <form-login login-processing-url="/login" login-page="/loginPage" username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password" default-target-url="/employee/listemployee" authentication-failure-url="/loginPage?auth=fail" /> <logout logout-url="/logout" logout-success-url="/logoutPage" /> </http> <authentication-manager> <authentication-provider> <user-service> <user name="ravi" password="ravi@123" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN" /> </user-service> </authentication-provider> </authentication-manager> </beans:beans> ``` ##### 1.3 映射登录请求 `LoginController`类包含两个方法`logoutPage`和`loginPage`，用于处理登录和注销请求的映射： ```java package org.packt.Spring.chapter8.springsecurity.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller public class LoginController { @RequestMapping(value = "/logoutPage", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String logoutPage() { return "logout"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/loginPage", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String loginPage() { return "login"; } } ``` ##### 1.4 获取员工列表 `EmployeeController`类包含`listEmployee()`、`addEmployee()`和`deleteEmployee()`等方法，用于处理员工列表的相关操作： ```java package org.packt.Spring.chapter8.springsecurity.controller; import org.packt.Spring.chapter8.springsecurity.model.Employee; import org.packt.Spring.chapter8.springsecurity.service.EmployeeService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/employee") public class EmployeeController { @Autowired private EmployeeService employeeService; @RequestMapping(value = "/listemployee", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String listEmployees(ModelMap model) { model.addAttribute("employeesList", employeeService.listEmployee()); return "employee"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView addEmployee(ModelMap model) { return new ModelAndView("addemployee", "command", new Employee()); } @RequestMapping(value = "/updatemployee", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String updateEmployee( @ModelAttribute("employeeForm") Employee employee, ModelMap model) { this.employeeService.insertEmployee(employee); model.addAttribute("employeesList", employeeService.listEmployee()); return "employee"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{empId}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("empId") Integer empId, ModelMap model) { this.employeeService.deleteEmployee(empId); model.addAttribute("employeesList", employeeService.listEmployee()); return "employee"; } } ``` ##### 1.5 登录页面和注销页面 - **登录页面（`login.jsp`）**：提供输入框以接受用户的凭证，并处理登录失败的情况： ```jsp <%@ taglib uri='http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core' prefix='c'%> <html> <head> <title>Login Page</title> </head> <body> <h2 style="color: orange">Login to eHR Payroll</h2> <c:if test="${'fail' eq param.auth}"> <div style="color:red"> ```