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Java.lang.Object类详解

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"这是关于Java语言中`Object`类的英文原始API文档的Markdown版本,已经过格式化。" 在Java编程语言中,`Object`类是所有类的根类。这意味着每一个类,无论何时,都会隐式地继承自`Object`类,包括数组。这个类定义了一些所有对象都必须实现的基本方法。`Object`类是在JDK1.0版本中引入的,并且在后续的Java版本中一直保留。 #### 构造器摘要 `Object`类只有一个默认的无参构造器,没有显示声明,因为它是隐式的。这意味着你可以创建一个`Object`类型的实例,但通常我们不会直接这样做,因为它的实例没有特殊的行为或属性。构造器的主要作用是初始化新创建的对象。 ```java public Object() { // 默认构造器,无具体实现 } ``` #### 方法摘要 以下是一些`Object`类中的核心方法: 1. **`clone()`**: 这个受保护的方法用于创建当前对象的一个副本。返回的是与原始对象类型相同的新对象,其字段值与原始对象相同。但是,`clone()`方法默认实现是浅复制,对于复杂的数据结构(如包含其他对象的引用)可能需要重写以实现深复制。 ```java protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // 默认实现抛出CloneNotSupportedException } ``` 2. **`equals(Object obj)`**: 这个方法用于比较两个对象是否相等。默认的`equals()`方法基于对象的引用来判断,只有当两个对象是同一个实例时才返回`true`。通常,子类会重写此方法以根据其实例变量提供更具体的比较逻辑。 ```java public boolean equals(Object obj) { // 默认实现基于对象引用比较 return (this == obj); } ``` 3. **`finalize()`**: 这是一个受保护的方法,由垃圾收集器在确定对象不再被引用时调用。它允许对象在被垃圾收集之前执行清理操作。然而,不推荐直接依赖`finalize()`进行资源清理,因为它的执行时间不确定,且可能导致性能问题。 ```java protected void finalize() throws Throwable { // 可以覆盖此方法来添加清除操作 } ``` 4. **`getClass()`**: 此方法返回对象的运行时类,即对象实际属于的类的`Class`对象。这可以用来获取对象的类型信息。 ```java public final Class<?> getClass() { // 返回运行时类的Class对象 } ``` 5. **`hashCode()`**: 返回一个整数值,作为对象的哈希码。不同对象应有不同的哈希码,以支持散列数据结构(如哈希表)的高效操作。默认实现基于对象的内存地址,但通常需要根据`equals()`方法的定义来重写`hashCode()`。 ```java public int hashCode() { // 默认实现基于对象的内存地址 return System.identityHashCode(this); } ``` 6. **`notify()`**: 这个方法用于唤醒在一个对象监视器上等待的单个线程。这是多线程同步的一部分,配合`synchronized`关键字使用。调用`wait()`方法的线程会被唤醒,但不会立即获得对象的锁,而是进入可运行状态,等待操作系统调度。 ```java public final native void notify(); ``` 7. **`notifyAll()`**: 类似于`notify()`,但唤醒所有等待同一对象监视器的线程。 ```java public final native void notifyAll(); ``` 8. **`toString()`**: 返回对象的字符串表示。默认实现返回类名加上`@`再加上十六进制的哈希码。子类通常会重写此方法以提供更具描述性的字符串。 ```java public String toString() { return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode()); } ``` 9. **`wait(long timeout)` 和 `wait()`**: 这些方法让当前线程等待,直到被其他线程唤醒或超时。这些方法需要在同步块或同步方法中调用,否则会抛出`IllegalMonitorStateException`。 ```java public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException; public final void wait() throws InterruptedException { wait(0); } ``` 以上就是`Object`类的核心功能,它是Java语言的基础,提供了许多处理对象和线程的关键行为。理解并正确使用这些方法对于编写健壮、高效的代码至关重要。

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Windows PowerShell 版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 安装最新的 PowerShell,了解新功能和改进!https://aka.ms/PSWindows PS F:\pythonten\project> cl 用于 x64 的 Microsoft (R) C/C++ 优化编译器 19.44.35209 版 版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 用法: cl [ 选项... ] 文件名... [ /link 链接选项... ] PS F:\pythonten\project> pip install mnnpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ Collecting mnnpy Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/c2/6e/e8f963203e552d80a04adf80b19ecb248fa949b3db7a6fc935a2f49e8454/mnnpy-0.1.9.5.tar.gz (117 kB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: numpy in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (1.26.3) Requirement already satisfied: scipy in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (1.12.0) Requirement already satisfied: anndata in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (0.9.2) Requirement already satisfied: pandas in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (2.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: numba in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (0.58.1) Requirement already satisfied: h5py>=3 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (3.10.0) Requirement already satisfied: natsort in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (8.4.0) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (23.2) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2.8.2) Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2023.3.post1) Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2023.4) Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas->mnnpy) (1.16.0) Requirement already satisfied: llvmlite<0.42,>=0.41.0dev0 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from numba->mnnpy) (0.41.1) Building wheels for collected packages: mnnpy Building wheel for mnnpy (pyproject.toml) ... error error: subprocess-exited-with-error × Building wheel for mnnpy (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> [73 lines of output] C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2jqu8z5o\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:599: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: Invalid dash-separated key 'python-tag' in 'bdist_wheel' (setup.cfg), please use the underscore name 'python_tag' instead. !! ******************************************************************************** Usage of dash-separated 'python-tag' will not be supported in future versions. Please use the underscore name 'python_tag' instead. (Affected: mnnpy). By 2026-Mar-03, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls or your builds will no longer be supported. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details. ******************************************************************************** !! opt = self._enforce_underscore(opt, section) C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-2jqu8z5o\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:759: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: License classifiers are deprecated. !! ******************************************************************************** Please consider removing the following classifiers in favor of a SPDX license expression: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License See https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#license for details. ******************************************************************************** !! self._finalize_license_expression() Building with c. running bdist_wheel running build running build_py file irlb.py (for module irlb) not found file mnn.py (for module mnn) not found file utils.py (for module utils) not found creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\irlb.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\mnn.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\settings.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy file irlb.py (for module irlb) not found file mnn.py (for module mnn) not found file utils.py (for module utils) not found running build_ext building 'mnnpy._utils' extension creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\mnnpy "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IF:\pythonten\python310\include -IF:\pythonten\python310 \Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\ATLMFC\include" "- IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.26100.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0 .26100.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcmnnpy/_utils.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\mnnpy\_utils.obj -O2 -ffast-math -march=native -fopenmp cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-ffast-math” cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-march=native” cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-fopenmp” _utils.c mnnpy/_utils.c(2117): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(2359): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(2576): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(16475): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16477): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16764): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16766): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17003): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17005): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17615): warning C4996: 'PyEval_InitThreads': deprecated in 3.9 mnnpy/_utils.c(17674): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17679): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17694): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17707): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(19372): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3 error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.44.35207\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2 [end of output] note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for mnnpy Failed to build mnnpy ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (mnnpy) PS F:\pythonten\project> pip install mnnpy Collecting mnnpy Using cached mnnpy-0.1.9.5.tar.gz (117 kB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: numpy in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (1.26.3) Requirement already satisfied: scipy in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (1.12.0) Requirement already satisfied: anndata in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (0.9.2) Requirement already satisfied: pandas in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (2.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: numba in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from mnnpy) (0.58.1) Requirement already satisfied: h5py>=3 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (3.10.0) Requirement already satisfied: natsort in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (8.4.0) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from anndata->mnnpy) (23.2) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2.8.2) Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2023.3.post1) Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from pandas->mnnpy) (2023.4) Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas->mnnpy) (1.16.0) Requirement already satisfied: llvmlite<0.42,>=0.41.0dev0 in f:\pythonten\python310\lib\site-packages (from numba->mnnpy) (0.41.1) Building wheels for collected packages: mnnpy Building wheel for mnnpy (pyproject.toml) ... error error: subprocess-exited-with-error × Building wheel for mnnpy (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> [73 lines of output] C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-sra4z_m5\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:599: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: Invalid dash-separated key 'python-tag' in 'bdist_wheel' (setup.cfg), please use the underscore name 'python_tag' instead. !! ******************************************************************************** Usage of dash-separated 'python-tag' will not be supported in future versions. Please use the underscore name 'python_tag' instead. (Affected: mnnpy). By 2026-Mar-03, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls or your builds will no longer be supported. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details. ******************************************************************************** !! opt = self._enforce_underscore(opt, section) C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-sra4z_m5\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:759: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: License classifiers are deprecated. !! ******************************************************************************** Please consider removing the following classifiers in favor of a SPDX license expression: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License See https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#license for details. ******************************************************************************** !! self._finalize_license_expression() Building with c. running bdist_wheel running build running build_py file irlb.py (for module irlb) not found file mnn.py (for module mnn) not found file utils.py (for module utils) not found creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\irlb.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\mnn.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\settings.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy copying mnnpy\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\mnnpy file irlb.py (for module irlb) not found file mnn.py (for module mnn) not found file utils.py (for module utils) not found running build_ext building 'mnnpy._utils' extension creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\mnnpy "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IF:\pythonten\python310\include -IF:\pythonten\python310 \Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\ATLMFC\include" "- IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.26100.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0 .26100.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.26100.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcmnnpy/_utils.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\mnnpy\_utils.obj -O2 -ffast-math -march=native -fopenmp cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-ffast-math” cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-march=native” cl: 命令行 warning D9002 :忽略未知选项“-fopenmp” _utils.c mnnpy/_utils.c(2117): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(2359): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(2576): warning C4244: “=”: 从“double”转换到“float”,可能丢失数据 mnnpy/_utils.c(16475): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16477): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16764): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(16766): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17003): error C2105: “++”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17005): error C2105: “--”需要左值 mnnpy/_utils.c(17615): warning C4996: 'PyEval_InitThreads': deprecated in 3.9 mnnpy/_utils.c(17674): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17679): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17694): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(17707): error C2039: "tp_print": 不是 "_typeobject" 的成员 F:\pythonten\python310\include\cpython/object.h(191): note: 参见“_typeobject”的声明 mnnpy/_utils.c(19372): warning C4996: 'PyUnicode_FromUnicode': deprecated in 3.3 error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.44.35207\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2 [end of output] note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for mnnpy Failed to build mnnpy ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (mnnpy)

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