Naming and data format standards for sysfs files(hwmon)（待续）

Naming and data format standards for sysfs files

libsensors库通过sysfs接口提供原始传感器数据的接口。 从lm-sensors 3.0.0起，libsensors是
完全与芯片无关。 它假定所有内核驱动程序实现本文档中描述的标准sysfs接口。这使得添加或更新对任何给定芯片的支持变得非常容易，因为不需要修改libsensors和使用它的应用程序。
与lm-sensors 2相比，这是一项重大改进。

请注意，主板与传感器芯片的连接差异很大。 例如，没有标准可以确保第二个温度传感器连接到CPU，或者第二个风扇位于CPU上。 此外，芯片报告的某些值在完全有意义之前需要进行一些计算。 例如，大多数芯片只能测量0到+ 4V之间的电压。 使用外部电阻将其他电压缩放回该范围。 由于这些电阻的值可能在主板间变化，因此转换不能硬编码到驱动程序中，必须在用户空间中完成。

因此，即使我们的目标是与芯片无关的libsensors，它也会仍需要配置文件（例如/etc/sensors.conf）才能正常使用值转换，输入标记和未使用输入的隐藏。

某些程序使用的另一种方法是直接访问sysfs文件。 本文档简要介绍了驱动程序遵循的标准，以便应用程序可以扫描条目并以简单一致的方式访问此数据。 也就是说，这些程序必须实现转换，标记和隐藏输入。 因此，仍然不建议绕过库。

Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To
find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*.

Up to lm-sensors 3.0.0, libsensors looks for hardware monitoring attributes
in the “physical” device directory. Since lm-sensors 3.0.1, attributes found
in the hwmon “class” device directory are also supported. Complex drivers
(e.g. drivers for multifunction chips) may want to use this possibility to
avoid namespace pollution. The only drawback will be that older versions of
libsensors won’t support the driver in question.

All sysfs values are fixed point numbers.

There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification.
The common scheme for files naming is: _. Usual
types for sensor chips are “in” (voltage), “temp” (temperature) and
“fan” (fan). Usual items are “input” (measured value), “max” (high
threshold, “min” (low threshold). Numbering usually starts from 1,
except for voltages which start from 0 (because most data sheets use
this). A number is always used for elements that can be present more
than once, even if there is a single element of the given type on the
specific chip. Other files do not refer to a specific element, so
they have a simple name, and no number.

Alarms are direct indications read from the chips. The drivers do NOT
make comparisons of readings to thresholds. This allows violations
between readings to be caught and alarmed. The exact definition of an
alarm (for example, whether a threshold must be met or must be exceeded
to cause an alarm) is chip-dependent.

When setting values of hwmon sysfs attributes, the string representation of
the desired value must be written, note that strings which are not a number
are interpreted as 0! For more on how written strings are interpreted see the
“sysfs attribute writes interpretation” section at the end of this file.

---

[0-] denotes any positive number starting from 0
[1-] denotes any positive number starting from 1
RO read only value
WO write only value
RW read/write value

Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
hardware implementation.

All entries (except name) are optional, and should only be created in a
given driver if the chip has the feature.

---

• Global attributes *

---

name The chip name.
This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing
whitespace, dashes, or the wildcard character ‘*’.
This attribute represents the chip name. It is the only
mandatory attribute.
I2C devices get this attribute created automatically.
RO

update_interval The interval at which the chip will update readings.
Unit: millisecond
RW
Some devices have a variable update rate or interval.
This attribute can be used to change it to the desired value.

---

• Voltages *

---

in[0-*]_min Voltage min value.
Unit: millivolt
RW

in[0-*]_lcrit Voltage critical min value.
Unit: millivolt
RW
If voltage drops to or below this limit, the system may
take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
least, it should report a fault.

in[0-*]_max Voltage max value.
Unit: millivolt
RW

in[0-*]_crit Voltage critical max value.
Unit: millivolt
RW
If voltage reaches or exceeds this limit, the system may
take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
least, it should report a fault.

in[0-*]_input Voltage input value.
Unit: millivolt
RO
Voltage measured on the chip pin.
Actual voltage depends on the scaling resistors on the
motherboard, as recommended in the chip datasheet.
This varies by chip and by motherboard.
Because of this variation, values are generally NOT scaled
by the chip driver, and must be done by the application.
However, some drivers (notably lm87 and via686a)
do scale, because of internal resistors built into a chip.
These drivers will output the actual voltage. Rule of
thumb: drivers should report the voltage values at the
“pins” of the chip.

in[0-*]_average
Average voltage
Unit: millivolt
RO

in[0-*]_lowest
Historical minimum voltage
Unit: millivolt
RO

in[0-*]_highest
Historical maximum voltage
Unit: millivolt
RO

in[0-*]_reset_history
Reset inX_lowest and inX_highest
WO

in_reset_history
Reset inX_lowest and inX_highest for all sensors
WO

in[0-*]_label Suggested voltage channel label.
Text string
Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
this voltage channel is being used for, and user-space
doesn’t. In all other cases, the label is provided by
user-space.
RO

in[0-*]_enable
Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

cpu[0-*]_vid CPU core reference voltage.
Unit: millivolt
RO
Not always correct.

vrm Voltage Regulator Module version number.
RW (but changing it should no more be necessary)
Originally the VRM standard version multiplied by 10, but now
an arbitrary number, as not all standards have a version
number.
Affects the way the driver calculates the CPU core reference
voltage from the vid pins.

Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with voltages.

---

• Fans *

---

fan[1-*]_min Fan minimum value
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
RW

fan[1-*]_max Fan maximum value
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
Only rarely supported by the hardware.
RW

fan[1-*]_input Fan input value.
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
RO

fan[1-*]_div Fan divisor.
Integer value in powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).
RW
Some chips only support values 1, 2, 4 and 8.
Note that this is actually an internal clock divisor, which
affects the measurable speed range, not the read value.

fan[1-*]_pulses Number of tachometer pulses per fan revolution.
Integer value, typically between 1 and 4.
RW
This value is a characteristic of the fan connected to the
device’s input, so it has to be set in accordance with the fan
model.
Should only be created if the chip has a register to configure
the number of pulses. In the absence of such a register (and
thus attribute) the value assumed by all devices is 2 pulses
per fan revolution.

fan[1-*]_target
Desired fan speed
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
RW
Only makes sense if the chip supports closed-loop fan speed
control based on the measured fan speed.

fan[1-*]_label Suggested fan channel label.
Text string
Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
this fan channel is being used for, and user-space doesn’t.
In all other cases, the label is provided by user-space.
RO

fan[1-*]_enable
Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with fans.

---

• PWM *

---

pwm[1-*] Pulse width modulation fan control.
Integer value in the range 0 to 255
RW
255 is max or 100%.

pwm[1-]_enable
Fan speed control method:
0: no fan speed control (i.e. fan at full speed)
1: manual fan speed control enabled (using pwm[1-])
2+: automatic fan speed control enabled
Check individual chip documentation files for automatic mode
details.
RW

pwm[1-*]_mode 0: DC mode (direct current)
1: PWM mode (pulse-width modulation)
RW

pwm[1-*]_freq Base PWM frequency in Hz.
Only possibly available when pwmN_mode is PWM, but not always
present even then.
RW

pwm[1-*]_auto_channels_temp
Select which temperature channels affect this PWM output in
auto mode. Bitfield, 1 is temp1, 2 is temp2, 4 is temp3 etc…
Which values are possible depend on the chip used.
RW

pwm[1-]_auto_point[1-]_pwm
pwm[1-]_auto_point[1-]_temp
pwm[1-]_auto_point[1-]_temp_hyst
Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
to PWM output channels.
RW

temp[1-]_auto_point[1-]_pwm
temp[1-]_auto_point[1-]_temp
temp[1-]_auto_point[1-]_temp_hyst
Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
to temperature channels.
RW

There is a third case where trip points are associated to both PWM output
channels and temperature channels: the PWM values are associated to PWM
output channels while the temperature values are associated to temperature
channels. In that case, the result is determined by the mapping between
temperature inputs and PWM outputs. When several temperature inputs are
mapped to a given PWM output, this leads to several candidate PWM values.
The actual result is up to the chip, but in general the highest candidate
value (fastest fan speed) wins.

---

• Temperatures *

---

temp[1-*]_type Sensor type selection.
Integers 1 to 6
RW
1: CPU embedded diode
2: 3904 transistor
3: thermal diode
4: thermistor
5: AMD AMDSI
6: Intel PECI
Not all types are supported by all chips

temp[1-*]_max Temperature max value.
Unit: millidegree Celsius (or millivolt, see below)
RW

temp[1-*]_min Temperature min value.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RW

temp[1-*]_max_hyst
Temperature hysteresis value for max limit.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
from the max value.
RW

temp[1-*]_min_hyst
Temperature hysteresis value for min limit.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
from the min value.
RW

temp[1-*]_input Temperature input value.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RO

temp[1-*]_crit Temperature critical max value, typically greater than
corresponding temp_max values.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RW

temp[1-*]_crit_hyst
Temperature hysteresis value for critical limit.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
from the critical value.
RW

temp[1-*]_emergency
Temperature emergency max value, for chips supporting more than
two upper temperature limits. Must be equal or greater than
corresponding temp_crit values.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RW

temp[1-*]_emergency_hyst
Temperature hysteresis value for emergency limit.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
from the emergency value.
RW

temp[1-*]_lcrit Temperature critical min value, typically lower than
corresponding temp_min values.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RW

temp[1-*]_lcrit_hyst
Temperature hysteresis value for critical min limit.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
from the critical min value.
RW

temp[1-*]_offset
Temperature offset which is added to the temperature reading
by the chip.
Unit: millidegree Celsius
Read/Write value.

temp[1-*]_label Suggested temperature channel label.
Text string
Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
this temperature channel is being used for, and user-space
doesn’t. In all other cases, the label is provided by
user-space.
RO

temp[1-*]_lowest
Historical minimum temperature
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RO

temp[1-*]_highest
Historical maximum temperature
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RO

temp[1-*]_reset_history
Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest
WO

temp_reset_history
Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest for all sensors
WO

temp[1-*]_enable
Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires
mathematical functions not available in the kernel, so the conversion
must occur in user space. For these chips, all temp* files described
above should contain values expressed in millivolt instead of millidegree
Celsius. In other words, such temperature channels are handled as voltage
channels by the driver.

Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with temperatures.

---

• Currents *

---

curr[1-*]_max Current max value
Unit: milliampere
RW

curr[1-*]_min Current min value.
Unit: milliampere
RW

curr[1-*]_lcrit Current critical low value
Unit: milliampere
RW

curr[1-*]_crit Current critical high value.
Unit: milliampere
RW

curr[1-*]_input Current input value
Unit: milliampere
RO

curr[1-*]_average
Average current use
Unit: milliampere
RO

curr[1-*]_lowest
Historical minimum current
Unit: milliampere
RO

curr[1-*]_highest
Historical maximum current
Unit: milliampere
RO

curr[1-*]_reset_history
Reset currX_lowest and currX_highest
WO

curr_reset_history
Reset currX_lowest and currX_highest for all sensors
WO

curr[1-*]_enable
Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return -ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with currents.

---

• Power *

---

power[1-*]_average Average power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_average_interval Power use averaging interval. A poll
notification is sent to this file if the
hardware changes the averaging interval.
Unit: milliseconds
RW

power[1-*]_average_interval_max Maximum power use averaging interval
Unit: milliseconds
RO

power[1-*]_average_interval_min Minimum power use averaging interval
Unit: milliseconds
RO

power[1-*]_average_highest Historical average maximum power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_average_lowest Historical average minimum power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-]_average_max A poll notification is sent to
power[1-]_average when power use
rises above this value.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-]_average_min A poll notification is sent to
power[1-]_average when power use
sinks below this value.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-*]_input Instantaneous power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_input_highest Historical maximum power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_input_lowest Historical minimum power use
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_reset_history Reset input_highest, input_lowest,
average_highest and average_lowest.
WO

power[1-*]_accuracy Accuracy of the power meter.
Unit: Percent
RO

power[1-*]_cap If power use rises above this limit, the
system should take action to reduce power use.
A poll notification is sent to this file if the
cap is changed by the hardware. The *_cap
files only appear if the cap is known to be
enforced by hardware.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-*]_cap_hyst Margin of hysteresis built around capping and
notification.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-*]_cap_max Maximum cap that can be set.
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_cap_min Minimum cap that can be set.
Unit: microWatt
RO

power[1-*]_max Maximum power.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-*]_crit Critical maximum power.
If power rises to or above this limit, the
system is expected take drastic action to reduce
power consumption, such as a system shutdown or
a forced powerdown of some devices.
Unit: microWatt
RW

power[1-*]_enable Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return
-ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with power readings.

---

• Energy *

---

energy[1-*]_input Cumulative energy use
Unit: microJoule
RO

energy[1-*]_enable Enable or disable the sensors.
When disabled the sensor read will return
-ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

---

• Humidity *

---

humidity[1-*]_input Humidity
Unit: milli-percent (per cent mille, pcm)
RO

humidity[1-*]_enable Enable or disable the sensors
When disabled the sensor read will return
-ENODATA.
1: Enable
0: Disable
RW

---

• Alarms *

---

Each channel or limit may have an associated alarm file, containing a
boolean value. 1 means than an alarm condition exists, 0 means no alarm.

Usually a given chip will either use channel-related alarms, or
limit-related alarms, not both. The driver should just reflect the hardware
implementation.

in[0-]_alarm
curr[1-]_alarm
power[1-]_alarm
fan[1-]_alarm
temp[1-*]_alarm
Channel alarm
0: no alarm
1: alarm
RO

OR

in[0-]_min_alarm
in[0-]_max_alarm
in[0-]_lcrit_alarm
in[0-]_crit_alarm
curr[1-]_min_alarm
curr[1-]_max_alarm
curr[1-]_lcrit_alarm
curr[1-]_crit_alarm
power[1-]_cap_alarm
power[1-]_max_alarm
power[1-]_crit_alarm
fan[1-]_min_alarm
fan[1-]_max_alarm
temp[1-]_min_alarm
temp[1-]_max_alarm
temp[1-]_lcrit_alarm
temp[1-]_crit_alarm
temp[1-]_emergency_alarm
Limit alarm
0: no alarm
1: alarm
RO

Each input channel may have an associated fault file. This can be used
to notify open diodes, unconnected fans etc. where the hardware
supports it. When this boolean has value 1, the measurement for that
channel should not be trusted.

fan[1-]_fault
temp[1-]_fault
Input fault condition
0: no fault occurred
1: fault condition
RO

Some chips also offer the possibility to get beeped when an alarm occurs:

beep_enable Master beep enable
0: no beeps
1: beeps
RW

in[0-]_beep
curr[1-]_beep
fan[1-]_beep
temp[1-]_beep
Channel beep
0: disable
1: enable
RW

In theory, a chip could provide per-limit beep masking, but no such chip
was seen so far.

Old drivers provided a different, non-standard interface to alarms and
beeps. These interface files are deprecated, but will be kept around
for compatibility reasons:

alarms Alarm bitmask.
RO
Integer representation of one to four bytes.
A ‘1’ bit means an alarm.
Chips should be programmed for ‘comparator’ mode so that
the alarm will ‘come back’ after you read the register
if it is still valid.
Generally a direct representation of a chip’s internal
alarm registers; there is no standard for the position
of individual bits. For this reason, the use of this
interface file for new drivers is discouraged. Use
individual *_alarm and *_fault files instead.
Bits are defined in kernel/include/sensors.h.

beep_mask Bitmask for beep.
Same format as ‘alarms’ with the same bit locations,
use discouraged for the same reason. Use individual
*_beep files instead.
RW

---

• Intrusion detection *

---

intrusion[0-*]_alarm
Chassis intrusion detection
0: OK
1: intrusion detected
RW
Contrary to regular alarm flags which clear themselves
automatically when read, this one sticks until cleared by
the user. This is done by writing 0 to the file. Writing
other values is unsupported.

intrusion[0-*]_beep
Chassis intrusion beep
0: disable
1: enable
RW

sysfs attribute writes interpretation

hwmon sysfs attributes always contain numbers, so the first thing to do is to
convert the input to a number, there are 2 ways todo this depending whether
the number can be negative or not:
unsigned long u = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
long s = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10);

With buf being the buffer with the user input being passed by the kernel.
Notice that we do not use the second argument of strto[u]l, and thus cannot
tell when 0 is returned, if this was really 0 or is caused by invalid input.
This is done deliberately as checking this everywhere would add a lot of
code to the kernel.

Notice that it is important to always store the converted value in an
unsigned long or long, so that no wrap around can happen before any further
checking.

After the input string is converted to an (unsigned) long, the value should be
checked if its acceptable. Be careful with further conversions on the value
before checking it for validity, as these conversions could still cause a wrap
around before the check. For example do not multiply the result, and only
add/subtract if it has been divided before the add/subtract.

What to do if a value is found to be invalid, depends on the type of the
sysfs attribute that is being set. If it is a continuous setting like a
tempX_max or inX_max attribute, then the value should be clamped to its
limits using clamp_val(value, min_limit, max_limit). If it is not continuous
like for example a tempX_type, then when an invalid value is written,
-EINVAL should be returned.

Example1, temp1_max, register is a signed 8 bit value (-128 - 127 degrees):

long v = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10) / 1000;
v = clamp_val(v, -128, 127);
/* write v to register */

Example2, fan divider setting, valid values 2, 4 and 8:

unsigned long v = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);

switch (v) {
case 2: v = 1; break;
case 4: v = 2; break;
case 8: v = 3; break;
default:
	return -EINVAL;
}
/* write v to register */