The Phonetic Processes (Transformations) in the Abadeh Tashk Dialect

Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com The Phonetic Processes (Transformations) in the Abadeh Tashk Dialect Faranak Ramezani Department of Persian literature, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran [email protected] Abstract: The dialect of the village of Abadeh tashk undergoes clear pheonological change.In many words a consonant is changed to another consonant,that is, it undeagoes alteration,or some consonants are omited that is,elision occurs. In some words, two consonants replace each other that is reversal happers in them. In some other case are in a word insertion happens. It sometimes happens that in a word more than one change occur, In other words, elisionand reversal. Alteration and reversal, alteration and insertion and or all happen to gether.In the dialect under study,in most case elision,alteration. Reversal, increase and elision and reversal happen. [Faranak Ramezani. The Phonetic Processes (Transformations) in the Abadeh Tashk Dialect. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4628-4632] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 697 Keywords: omission, replace, anagram, anagram and omission, addition 1. Introduction Is: hast  has The transformations, which are created as Isn’t: nist  ni the result of phonetic association In the combination, are called the phonetic procedures ( Windfuhr, Drunk: mast  mas Gernot. 2009) . The phonetic transformations have Skin: pu st  pu s   been in the ancient, middle, and modern Persian, some of which are, omitting some of the phonemes, Embarrassed: dastp a c e  dasp a c e replacing (changing some of the phonemes to other Clusters: dastedaste  dassedasse phonemes), adding the vowels at the beginning of the Handkerchief: word, or between two consonants, the anagram (displacing the words), even in some words, more Right: ra st  ra s than one of the above-mentioned procedures take Correct: dorost deres place, such as (replace and omission; transformation, Prayer: dastnama z  dasnema z and omission, …). Similar to all the languages, in this Handcuffs: dastband  dasban dialect the mentioned phonetic transformations take  place (Romsdorfer H. and B. Pfister. 2004). Some samples of the phonetic changes are presented in the 2.1.1. Omitting t in the cluster of s t :   following lines: Had: da s t  da s , 1.1. Omission: the omission procedures of some of   the consonants in Abade Tashk dialect Eight hundred: ha s tsad  ha s sad Pomegranate: ana r  na r     Put: he s t  he s Fire: a ta s  ta s Breasts: pes tan  pesu n Mid omission: omitting d in the middle of the word 3.1.1. Omitting d in the cluster nd: Wheat: gandom gannem Lump of sugar: and  an River: rudxane ruxune Measure: anda ze  anna ze Hanabandan (one of the Persian wedding customs): (Replace has taken place as well), Remained: hana banda n  hena banu n ma nde  monne 1.1.1. Final omission: omitting t in the cluster of st: Tall: boland  belan Yogurt: ma st  ma s Slave: bande  banne esteka n  eska m (Omission and replace), Glass: dastgah  dasga Laugh: xande  xanne Machine:   Band: band  ban Thumb: s ast  s as Sheep: gu sfand  gosban Hand: dast  das http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4628 [email protected]  Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Smile: labxand  low  xan (as well as omitting Bullet: gu lu le  gu lle b in lab) Old: kohne  ka ne Harmal=Navand: navand  nava 16.1.1 Omitting the tense vowel a within the Bracelet: dastband  dasbav word: Read: xa nd  xon Shame: xeja lat  xojelat 17.1. 1. Omitting the still letter at the end of the Esfand (the 12TH Persian month): sfand  sfan words:   How much: c and  c an Shoulder: ketf  kat 4.1.1. Omitting d in the cluster of zd: Dough: du  du Theft: dozd  dez Bitter: talx  tal 5.1.1. Omitting d at the end of tense vowel: Loose: sost  ses Early: zu d  zi 2.1. Replacing: in some of the words a consonant is 6.1.1. Omitting z at the end of words after the replaced by another consonant, such as: vowels: 1.2.1. Replacing b with v:   Thing: c iz  c i Ax: tabar  ta var Today: emru z  emru News: xabar  xa var Yesterday: diru z  diru Open: ba z  va z Two days doru z  derru Side: bar  var Still: hanu z  hani 2.2.1 Replacing l with r: 7.1.1. Omitting h at the end of the word after the Chubby: par var  pal var vowels: Damage: zarar  zalal Sometimes: ga h  ga Chain: zanjir  zanjil 8.1.1. Omitting h in some of the words before r: zahre  zale Dare: Wrath: ahr  ar Mehr (the seventh Persian month): mehr  mer Hair: ta r  ta l Cabin: mahr  mar Tar: ir  il   Four: c a ha r  c a r Leaf: b arg  ba lg 9.1.1. Omitting h in some of the words after the Fluff: kork  kolk consonant n:   tanh a  tan a Omitting h in some of the Hunt: s eka r  s eka l Alone: 3.2.1. Replacing f with b: words after the lax vowel a: Vesper:   zahre  zale Edge: nab s  naf s 10.1.1. Omitting h in some of the words after the consonant b: Record: zabt  zaft Morning: sobh  sob Register: tan a b  tan a f 11.1.1. Omitting h in some of the words after the 4.2.1. Replacing t with z: consonant l: Service: xedmat  xezmat Peace: solh  sol Ill-will: badza t  bazza t 12.1.1. Omitting b after the vowels at the end of 5.2.1. Replacing s with z: the words:  Rosary: tasbi  tazbi Grape juice: du sab  du s ow 6.2.1. Replacing s to v and replacing b to z: Whitewash: du a b  du ow tasbi  tavzi 13.1.1. Omitting b at the end of some of the words: 7.2.1. Replacing n with b: Lip: lab  low Fat: donbe  dombe 14.1.1. Omitting h between the two vowels, or  after the vowel: 8.2.1. Replacing s with s : Effort: zahmat zamat  Generosity: rahmat  ramat Succor: ka sni  ka s ni 15.1.1. Omitting u between the two l: 9.2.1. Replacing f with d: http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4629 [email protected]  Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com   Fatemeh: fa tameh  fa dme Role: na  s  nax s 10.2.1. Replacing g with d: kick: 23.2.1. Replacing n with m, and replacing the lagad  la at vowel o to e: 11.2.1. Replacing h with x: better: Follow: donba l  demma l bahtar  bextar Pliers: anbor  ambor 12.2.1. Replacing b with d: poor: badbaxt  baddaxt Cotton: panbe pambe   Hoop: c anbar  c ambar 13.2.1. Replacing x with h: house: tan bal  tambal Lazy: xu ne  hu ne   14.2.1. Replacing n with m: warehouse: Saturday: s anbe  s ambe anba r  amba r   Pulpit: menbar  membar 24.2.1. Replacing b with the vowel ow: Saturday: s anbe  s mbe   Last night: di s ab  di s ow Five hundred: pa nsad  pomsad   25.2.1. Replacing f with the vowel ow: Halter: afs a r  ows a r Hoop: c anbar  c ambar   Banner: deraf s  derow s Pulpit: menbar  member 26.2.1. Replacing the vowel u with i: Cotton: panbe  pambe Face: su rat  sirat  27.2.1. Replacing the vowel e with o in the word 15.2.1. Replacing j with z : chance: curse: nefrin  norfin  maja l  me z a l 28.2.1. Replacing the tense vowel u with the lax 16.2.1. Replacing k with y: vowel o: knock: k u f tan  kof tan   Major: akbar  aybar 29.2.1. Replacing c with s : 17.2.1. Replacing z with j:   Anything: hick a r  hi s k a r Manizhe: mani z e  manije     18.2.1. Replacing u with i: What: c e c ize  c i c i Column: sot u n  setin 30.2.1. Replacing h with y: ma hi  moyi Smoke: du d  did Fish: 31.2.1. Replacing p with f: Was/were: bu d  bid Capsule: kapsu l  kafsu l Berry: tu t  tit 32.2.1. Replacing lax vowel a with the tense vowel Chicken: ju je  jije a: Still: hanu z  hani Uncle: amu  a mu Reverse: var u ne  va r ine Daughter-in-law: aru s  a ru s Needle: su zan  sizan 33.2.1. Replacing lax vowel I with the vowel o: 19.2.1. Replacing k with y: Pour: rix tan  rox tan Crow: kala   ala  34.2.1. Replacing the vowel i with the vowel e: 20.2.1. Replacing k with d: cord: rism a n  resm u n Frank: rok  rod Pour: rix tan  rex tan 21.2.1. Replacing d with t: Sift: bix tan  bex tan Powder: gard  gart 35.2.1. Replacing b with y: Kick: lagad  la  at   22.2.1. Replacing y with x: Wood: c u b  c u  Collar: ya  e  yaxe 36.2.1. Replacing tense wovel a with the tense When: va  ti  vaxti vowel u : http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4630 [email protected]  Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Cord: rism a n  resm u n  43.2.1. Replacing s with c , and d with t: Thigh: ra n  ru n  ru dxa ne  ru xu ne River: Mosque: masjed  ma c c et Bath: hamma m  hamu m 44.2.1. Replacing the lax vowel o with the tense Corridor: da la n  da lu n vowel a : Knee: za nu  zu ni House: kohne  ka ne Cool: xonak  xa nek   Shoulder: s a ne  s u ne 45.2.1. Replacing the lax vowel o with the lax Cup: fenja n  fenju n vowel e: A metal or wooden box for keeping the things: Spit: tof  tef yaxda n  yaxdu n xoda  xeda God; Raw: xa m  xu m Girl: doxtar  dextar Cup: ja m  ju m Column: sot u n  setin 37.2.1. Replacing the vowel u to i:   Squash: kadu  kodi Loose: s ol  s el   Balance: tara zu  terazin You: s om a  s em a Chicken: ju je  jije   Enemy: do s man  de s man Soon: zu d  zi 46.2.1. Replacing the tense vowel a to the Knee: za nu  zu ni compound vowel ow: Column: sot u n  setin Water: a b  ow Needle: su zan  sizan Sleep: x a b  xow Face: su rat  sirat Bile: zard a b  zardow 3.1. Anagram Alley: kuce  kice Two consonants are displaced in some words; it Reverse: var u ne  var ine means that anagram takes place in them. 38.2.1. Replacing the vowel a with e: 1.3.1. Displacing f with l: Balance: tarazu  terazin Lock: ofl  plf Henna: hana  hena 2.3.1. Displacing y with l: Gold: tala  tela Leaf: b arg  ba lg   3.3.1. Displacing f with r: Beautiful; a s ang  e s ang Blasphemy: kofr  korf   Curse: nefrin  norfin Chance: ma z a l  me z a l 4.3.1. Displacing f with t: Iron: a han  a hen Shoulder: ketf  koft 39.2.1. Replacing m with n, and d with n: 5.3.1. Displacing r with x: Major: omde  onne Rate: nerx  nexr 40.2.1. Replacing the lax vowel a with the tense 6.3.1. Displacing s with y: vowel a : Fraction: kasr  kars Daughter-in-law: aru s  a ru s 7.3.1. Displacing z with r: 41.2.1. Replacing the tense vowel a with the lax Vow: nazr  narz vowel o: 8.3.1. Displacing t with r:   Read: xa nd  xon Umbrella: c atr  c art 42.2.1. Replacing the tense vowel a with the Hump: ketr  ker t compound vowel ey: Perfume: atr  art Mirror: a yene  eyne 9.3.1. Displacing y with l: http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4631 [email protected]  Life Science Journal 2012;9(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com   25.3.1. Displacing the lax vowel o with the lax Occupation: s o  l  s ol  vowel i: 10.3.1. Displacing k with s: Image: aks  ask Thin: na zok  na zik 11.3.1. Displacing s with x: 4.1. Anagram and Omission Version: nosxe  noxse In some of the words more than one transformation takes place, i.e. replacing and Termination: fasx  faxs omission, replacing and anagram, replacing and 12.3.1. Displacing b with v: merging, or anagram and omission, or …, which Rough: zebr  zerb happen together. Omitting h in some of the words before r and replacing the lax vowel o with the tense Sack: tu bre  terbe vowel a: Patient: sabr  sarb Piece: mohre  ma re 13.3.1. Displacing t with l: 5.1. Addition: Bucket: satl  salt 14.3.1. Displacing h with r: Adding g to the end of the word: reed: ney  neyg Mahram: mahram  marham Adding the lax vowel e to the beginning of the word:  15.3.1. Displacing x with l: Avarice: boxl  bolx pregnant: e s kam  16.3.1. Displacing l with y: Hubble bubble:  aly a n   eyl u n To count: e s mordan 17.3.1. Displacing b with v: 6.1. Replacing and addition: Replacing n with m and adding d: Pulse: nabz  navz   18.3.1. Displacing f with y: Saturday: s anbe  s ambed Ceiling: sa  f  saf  2. Discussion 19.3.1. Displacing the vowel o with e: Regarding the above-mentioned facts in the   dialect under the consideration, the most frequent Chador: c a dor  c a der cases are related to the procedures of “omission”, Pitcher: tong  teng “anagram”, “addition”, and “anagram, and omission”,   respectively. Cast iron: c odan  c edan Acknowledgements: Burner: oja   eja  Author is grateful to the Department of Persian literature, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad Tail: dom  dom University for financial support to carry out this Brick: a jor  a jer work. 20.3.1. Displacing the vowel a with e: Corresponding Author: hana  hena Faranak Ramezani Henna: Department of Persian literature, Marvdasht Branch, Iron: a han  a hen Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran 21.3.1. Displacing the vowel a with ow: E-mail: [email protected] Horseman: sa var  sowa r References 22.3.1. Displacing the tense vowel u with the lax 1. Romsdorfer H. and B. Pfister. 2004. Multi- vowel i: context rules for phonological processing in polyglot TTS synthesis. In Proceedings of the Relax: a su de  a side Interspeech 2004 - ICSLP, Jeju Island (Korea). 23.3.1. Displacing the tense vowel with the lax 2. Windfuhr, Gernot. 2009.The Iranian Languages. vowel e: Routledge.. p. 418. Sack: t u bre  terbe 3. Natel Khanlari, Parviz.1994. The Persian 24.3.1. Displacing the lax vowel e with the lax language history, Publications: Birch, third vowel o: edition. Final: a xer  a xor 12/2/2012 http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4632 [email protected]