English Proficiency of Grade 9 Junior High Students

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov – Dec 2018 English Proficiency of Grade 9 Junior High Students Anibel A. Lamo Secondary School Teacher Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School, Philippines ABSTRACT The resurgence of English proficiency has fallen to an high proficiency in English are expected to perform abysmally low level on the ability of learners to well in English as a subject and in other school fluently speak, read and write due to the effects on the subjects. Thus, this study investigates on the English language environment and preference as exposed in Proficiency of Grade Nine Junior High Students at mass/social media, technology-based and printed which grade level the researcher is assigned. reading materials. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the level of English Proficiency of Grade 9 Department of Education Officials (DO No. 72, s. Junior High Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National 2011), agreed that proficiency in the English language School. This descriptive-evaluative research design depends on the nature of the environment and the was employed using survey instruments which used to language preference that these learners are exposed measure the level of proficiency in English. Findings and developed their skills. More advanced revealed that television is the most available in their communication skills and adept in technology-based environment while the language preference of these materials on the internet such as Facebook, Instagram, respondents was English-Filipino. The overall level of Skype, Edmodo, Quipper, Twitter, Emails, Google English proficiency across eight language areas is Chrome, etc. can attain success in academic pursuits. developing. Results further revealed that there is a significant relationship between the students’ The study conducted in Jose Sanvictores Sr. High language preference and English language School in Cagwait District, Division of Surigao del proficiency. Hence, Computer Aided Instructional Sur. Grade 9 students served as the respondents Materials are recommended to integrate on their because these are the kind of learners who are more lessons so that low-performing students become technologically inclined and adventurous but with the proficient in English. lowest results in their Mean Percentage Score during the first and second quarters of SY 2016-2017. Keywords: English Proficiency, Language Environment, Language Preference, Grammar, As Aina and Ogundele (2013) claimed, language Structure, Idioms, Vocabulary, Verbal Analogy proficiency in English is significantly related to academic performance. Academic subjects like INTRODUCTION Science, Mathematics, and English often requires the 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING use of language functions. The language plays a A person who is proficient in English may have significant role in critical and analytical thinking unlimited access to the world’s known scientific and required in any subjects. The more functions with technological discoveries that are predominantly which students are adept, the more effective their written in English. This means that for a better grasp thinking can be. Thus, the more the students are of knowledge in English, students should be more proficient in the English language, the more they are exposed in Mass Media, Technology, and Printed likely to perform well in their academic subjects. Reading Materials (Alngog, 2013). In connection with the relationship between language environment and In the K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum, language preference to the English language DepEd puts emphasis on the competencies on proficiency, it is presumed that students who have learning the English language effectively to have a @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 410  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 pool of manpower that is globally competitive. It situations, that is; situations in which the context implies that proficiency in the English language is offers cues that make an understanding not dependent necessary skill and knowledge as well as a necessary on verbal interaction alone (Racca and Lasaten, attribute to meet the challenges of the 21st century 2016). Cummins (2013) refers to this conversational (Alngog, 2013). However, various studies reveal that ability as context embedded or contextualized where in the Philippines the quality of education is the conversation is natural and deals with ordinary continuously declining. This notion based on the matters requiring speakers to react and respond to results of achievement tests where the academic each other. performance of the students attributed to their proficiency in the English language. In Caraga Meanwhile, according to Cummins (2013), cognitive Administrative Region, the English language academic language proficiency is the type of language proficiency of the secondary students has deteriorated needed in the educational settings. Classroom in several ways: incorrect grammar, lack of fluency, activities like reading, writing, participating in formal poor reading comprehension, lack of interest in conversations and taking exams are some of the tasks reading, and disorganized writing (Bagnol, 2014). As that require cognitive academic language proficiency. a matter of fact, the NAT Mean Percentage Score Thus, students who have not yet developed their Reports of School Year 2014 in Surigao del Sur cognitive academic language proficiency may Division that 56.20% in English as a quantifier of the encounter difficulties in learning science, mathematics division’s performance remained in the bottom and other academic subjects. ranking. This lack of language skills manifested in several ways – weak in structure, the inability to use The theory on cognitive academic language English in connected discourse, poor reading proficiency, therefore, provided a reason to study and comprehension skills and the lack of interest in investigate the relationship between English language reading. NETRC (2014) claimed that the declining proficiency and the language environment and results was due to the effects of language environment language preference of Grade 9 Junior High Students. and preference in Mass Media, Technology, and Based on Figure 1, it conceptualized that the English Printed Reading Materials that these learners were language proficiency of the Grade 9 students of Jose more exposed. Sanvictores Sr. High School affects their English language. This study believes that if the students have Given the established gaps, the student’s level of high English language proficiency, they are more language performance in these skills was empirically likely to perform well in their academics, particularly investigated if the levels of English proficiency has a in the said subject. significant relationship to the language environment and language preference among Grade 9 Junior High On the other hand, the theoretical framework of this School Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National study is also derived from the multiple intelligence School. The results of the study then basically helped theory discovered by a psychologist, Howard Gardner the school heads, teachers, and students in improving (1983) as revised in 2011 in his book, Frames of the English Proficiency among the students in Mind. The theory suggests that “there are at least intensifying its implementation scheme. seven ways that people have of perceiving and understanding the world.” Gardner labels “each of Theoretical/Conceptual Framework these ways a distinct 'intelligence' -- in other words, a This study anchored on Cognitive Academic set of skills allowing individuals to find and resolve Language Proficiency which delineates the genuine problems they face” (discover-multiple- connection between students’ cognitive and linguistic intelligences.com, 2012). processes to their academic performance. There are two levels of language proficiency. These are the One of these ways of Intelligence is Linguistic basic interpersonal communicative skills and the Intelligence that “involves sensitivity to spoken and cognitive academic language proficiency. The basic written language, the ability to learn languages, and interpersonal communicative skills concept signifies the capacity to use language to accomplish certain the students’ language informal conversation. These goals. This intelligence includes the ability to are used by students when they talk about their effectively use language on oneself rhetorically or parents, siblings, and peers in real settings and poetically; and language as a means to remember @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 411  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 information. The reason for adopting this theory is To apply this theory in this study, individuals must that it is related to the variable in the study. master the rules, the meaning of words and how these words derive meaning and express their thoughts. Limited English proficient student defined as a Thus, these theories intertwined with academic student whose first language is a language other than success which functions several variables in the English who is unable to perform classroom works in language of instruction. Hence, the conceptual English (Driscoll, 2013). The definition of English framework gives an overview on how things viewed language proficiency adopted in this study is the as a significant tool in making an appropriate solution ability to demonstrate the classroom works in English to the problems. The schematic diagram that follows since this definition associates to the other variable in showed the salient steps taken to address the issue on the study (language environment and language English language proficiency among students and preference). In this study, English language teachers. The use of the result of the standardized test proficiency was investigated through the Mean in English proficiency and the survey questionnaires Percentage Score (MPS) of Grade 9 Junior High would bring concerned people to an awareness of the Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School. real scenario in the classroom as regards to the ability of students to become proficient in English. Figure1. Schematic Diagram of the Study On the first box, the respondents delved with Materials such as books, newspapers/magazines, consideration on the following indicators: Language dictionaries/thesaurus, and pocketbooks/novels. The Environment like (1) mass media which include respondents also asked about the language preference: television, radio, and musical gadget; (2) Technology- English, Filipino, Filipino-English, Tandaganon, and Based Materials comprising the internet, cellular another language which they preferred to use at home, phones, and DVD/movies; (3) Printed Reading in school, and in the community. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 412  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 A second box is then drawn to connect the dependent 5. What intervention plan can be institutionalized to variables which are the actual results of the English enhance the English Proficiency levels of Grade 9 Proficiency test in the eight language areas: grammar, students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School? structure, idiomatic expressions, vocabulary, verbal analogy, logical organization of ideas, identification Null Hypothesis of errors, and reading comprehension. By these, levels Problems number 1, 2 and 3 are hypotheses free. of proficiency of the students under each area Problem number 4 hypothesize as: revealed. This second box determined the type of HO1: There is no significant relationship between intervention program among grade 9 junior high the language environment and the language school students. In this study, English Proficiency preference of the student-respondents. pertains to the DepEd Order No. 72, s. 2011 in identifying the eight learning areas for English Significance of the Study: This study is expected to Proficiency: grammar, structure, idioms, vocabulary, provide significant contributions to the academic and verbal analogy, logical organization of ideas, community and the country in general. This study is identification of errors and reading comprehension. deemed beneficial to the following entities: The third box is the output of the study which is a proposed intervention program to improve English English Teachers: This study would develop their Language proficiency of the students. awareness on the need to use teaching approaches and methods that require reflective and creative thinking Statement of the Problem as well as active participation of the learners. This study aimed to analyze the English proficiency of Grade 9 students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School Administration: This study could be of great School, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur which became the help to the administrators encouraging them to basis for the intervention proposed in the study. conduct service-training or send their teachers to Specifically, this study sought to answer the following attend seminars as workshops in methods of teaching questions: English Proficiency in Secondary level. 1. What language environment do Grade 9 students are exposed to: High School Students: This study would help them 1.1 Mass media; to strengthen their coverage and enthusiasm to 1.2 Technology-based materials; perform English activities using the interactive, 1.3 Printed reading materials? cooperative and collaborative designs together with their peers. Therefore, it develops their creative and 2. What is the preferred language of the respondents analytical thinking in gathering and interpreting data from the identified language environment? and draw findings, conclusions, and recommendations anchored with different theories. 3. What is the proficiency level of the Grade 9 students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School Teachers in Other Academic Subjects: This study in the eight language areas on the following could provide a database that can use as a reference indicators: for more meaningful educational services. Results 3.1 Grammar; could be useful in the solution of problems related to 3.2 Structure; English language teaching and learning. 3.3 Idioms; 3.4 Vocabulary; Researchers: This study serves as a guide for them to 3.5 Analogy develop instructional materials contributory for the 3.6 Logical organization; enhancement of instructional functions. 3.7 Identifying errors; 3.8 Reading comprehension? Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study conducted in Jose Sanvictores Sr. High 4. Is there a significant relationship between School in Cagwait District, Division of Surigao del language environment and the language Sur. Among 420 students enrolled this current school preference? year, only grade 9 students were administered the test using purposive sampling method. These respondents @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 413  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 were the focus of the study because these are the which teaching and learning occur. It is also a factor students who are more technologically inclined and as a characteristics of the teachers, instructional adventurous but with the lowest results in their Mean group, or institution, the learning styles and Percentage Score during first and second quarters. pedagogies used and the societal culture of where the learning is occurring. It limits on the analysis of Grade 9 students in English Proficiency-based on the following parts: (a) Language Preference: It refers to the preferred grammar; (b) structure; (c) idioms; (d) vocabulary; (e) human speech used in every day communication. The analogy; (f) organization of ideas; (g) error language most preferred by native and non-English identification and (h) reading comprehension. The speakers prevalent among Filipino students are instrument was tested by students enrolled in Grade 9 English, Filipino and English, Filipino and the of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School, Cagwait, vernacular or the native language. Surigao del Sur, of the Academic Year 2016-2017. They are considered to be the respondents because of Logical Organization of Ideas: It refers to the the direct contact with the researcher assigned to such logical order of sentences in a paragraph. It is to grade level. arrange sentences in order of importance which can be done by either moving from the most important point A standardized test questionnaires from the to the least important on going the opposite way. Curriculum and Implementation Division (CID) in the Division of Surigao del Sur utilized in this study. The Mass Media: It refers to technology that is intended scope of these tools is anchored on DepEd Order No. to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of 91, s. 2009 specifying the Policy Guidelines and communication used to reach the vast majority of the Requirements Regulating the National Test general public. The common platforms of mass media Instruments and its Results. are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet where students can gather various sources of Definition of Terms: To facilitate clear information. understanding, the following terms operationally defined in this study: Printed Reading Materials: It refers to the printed materials used by the teachers to facilitate teaching- English Proficiency: It refers to the language learning among the grade 9 students which designed environment and the language preference where the to capacitate students for better comprehension. student-respondents of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur are exposed to the Reading Comprehension: This term means an ability to perform the functions of communication at understanding of what the learner understands what levels of proficiency necessary to function in society. he or she reads. It is an act of grasping an idea or process with the intellect. Grammar: Refers to the class of words, its relation and use in the sentence. It is also the manner of Technology - Based Materials: It refers to the making the subject-predicates agree in person and electronic materials extracted from the internet or any number. technology-based instrument as used by the teachers to effectively enhance the proficiency levels of the Identification of Errors: It is the ability to identify students designed to capacitate students for better sentence errors such as the subject and verb understanding of the text. agreement and the tenses of the verb when making revisions. Structure: It refers to the manner in which words are arranged and related on a given text or sentence. Idiomatic Expressions: These are the type of English that have a meaning different from the meaning of the Verbal Analogy: It refers to one pair of related words words in the expression. to another without its pair. The student must find a word or words that have the same relationship to the Language Environment: It refers to educational word as the first pair. approach, cultural context, or physical setting in @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 414  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Vocabulary: It is all about words in a language or a Academic achievement is the outcome of an set of words that the students are trying to learn education-the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals. In this 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND study, the definition of “the result of an education-the STUDIES extent to which a student, teacher has achieved their This chapter features existing educational research educational goals” is adopted. In this study, academic literature and studies that involve analysis of English achievement was investigated through the Grade Point Proficiency of Junior High School students. The Average (GPA) the student obtained from his/her research has been synthesized, organized and postsecondary studies. highlights the background information. Everhard, Cooper, and Bock (2005) also stressed the Related Literature importance of sentence in comprehension. Sentence Foreign sense is an additional component and therefore should Language teaching involves difficult decisions taught. In this regard, the child must appreciate the regarding when teaching should start, what the unity of a sentence. He must familiarize to sense the curriculum should include and which methods should relationship between parts. be used (Güngör & Öğretir, 2008). To answer these questions, the factors that affect language learning The majority of the students who admitted into the should be known first. Hashemi (2011) identified that University of Nigeria have no ample opportunity to students’ weakness in English language learning is study English Language, except those who are due to the differences in social contexts, cultural admitted to study English and related subjects such as environments. Differences in mediating effect of linguistics and literature in English (Abebe & intensity of language education are one factor that Davidson 2012). Though all students accepted into the identified by researchers specifically on different universities in Nigeria are encouraged to take few teaching intensity of English classes in a particular courses in the use of English, the content of these school. English courses are grossly inadequate for the students to acquire requisite skills in effective use of English proficiency is that of learners’ attitudes language for communication and the give and take of towards learning a foreign language. Research to this social experience. To study English as a second factor has conducted from different perspectives. language and be successful at it, the student must be Some looked at whether learners have positive or helped by the teacher to acquire skills in the four negative attitudes towards learning a foreign language language arts skills; namely: Speaking, reading, (Abu-Rabia, 2003). Some other studies focused on the listening and writing. correlation between attitude and language proficiency level (Clément, 2013). A rich and stimulating language environment during the early years and beyond is essential to the Poor language proficiency has been considered a development of verbal and intellectual skills barrier to learning and academic success at the higher necessary for language learning. Malinowski (2011), education, where universities require students seeking asserted that composition writing is a difficult skill to admission to obtain a score on English language acquire, and recommended, therefore, that teachers proficiency tests to indicate that they can achieve must use a variety of methods for teaching the English academically success (Williams, Powers, Kong & Language. Ellis and Tomlison (2010), suggested some Starr, 2012). basic skills to be taught to learners so that they can write essays proficiently. Such skills include spelling, English Language proficiency or linguistic punctuation, and convention of style. Reyner et al., proficiency referred to the ability of an individual to (2011), ascertained that "many good teachers are speak or perform in an acquired language. According adaptive rather than rigid in their approach to teaching to Blagojevich, Ruiz and Dunn(2004), English children and only loosely base their instruction on a Language proficiency: English language learners’ given method." There are odds against the Nigerian communication information, ideas, and concepts students in learning English. necessary for academic success in the content area of social studies. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 415  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Reading habits According to Igbokwe (2012) are School. It seeks to develop citizenship and address changing. Students are rarely interested in reading for communication needs, interpersonal informative and pleasure and enjoyment instead they read only to pass aesthetics of Filipino students for which is emerging on examination. Unfortunately, reading not taught as as the Lingua Franca in line with developments in a separate subject in the curriculum. It is subsumed in applied linguistics and pedagogy in consonance with every subject area and regarded as a tool facilitating the government thrust and globalization. other types of learning. According to Igbokwe (2012), student achievement has been declining in the recent Evidently, students who graduate from high school years. Communication technology especially the face some problems with English when they start internet is having an adverse effect on the learning studying in colleges or universities. In some culture. It discourages lazy students from engaging in departments, such as Medicine, Law, and serious reading. Most students spend more time in the Engineering, there is a high intensity of English cyber cafes, playing video games, browsing, and classes, and this has a strong effect on students’ chatting with friends. The influence of these media is ability to pass their subjects. Students’ who do not negative. have a good education in high school encounter more problems than the ones who have. The students of Language is the vehicle of social interaction, and other departments are more likely to face these there is a need for language to function properly, problems after graduation because it is often social interaction, and indeed, for functional literacy. necessary to have a high proficiency in English to get It emphasized that "a person is functionally literate a good job. The importance and necessity of English when he has acquired the knowledge and skills in proficiency keep the eyes on the factors, and some reading and writing which enable him to engage background factors have researched (Gunes, 2011). effectively in all those activities in which literacy assumed in his culture of the group" (Gray, 2012). In the Philippines, a bilingual context where the role As pointed out by Richards (2011), in communicative of English is made narrower with the expansion of the language teaching classes, tasks and activities are role of the Filipino national language, the theory of designed to enable learners to achieve communicative communicative competence considers the language as objectives by participating in communicative a tool for communication rather than the system of processes such as exchanging information, negotiation rules. Ability in the language is more of skill rather of meaning, and interaction. In communicative than a set of knowledge because English is a tool for language teaching, learner-centered learning instructional and academic purposes. Those in the emphasized. field of teaching are expected to have the proficiency of English language as a means of access to scientific Local knowledge (Arpilleda 2013). The importance of the English language proficiency is increasing day by day, for it is the universal language Related Studies used in different transactions most especially in Foreign schools. With the advent of K-12 Curriculum, the Brown (2007) points out that, there is a depending and government emphasizes the importance of learning subordinating relationship between teaching and the subject matter effectively through learning learning. It plays roles as guiding, facilitating strategies. But in a classroom setting, those students learning, and setting the conditions for learning. who do not have good English background face many Having a good understanding of how the learner problems, since it is necessary to have a high English learns will help teachers determine their philosophy of proficiency in understanding subjects that use English education, their style, approach, methods, and context such as mathematics, sciences, social science, classroom techniques. humanities, etc. Cook (2011) believes the proof of teaching is in the The learning of language is in line with the training learning and all successful teaching depends upon program on the implementation of the K to 12 learning. Cook also states that there is no point in Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum. This concept providing interesting, well-prepared language lessons is also true in teaching English of the transition year, if students do not learn from them. It’s important for the ninth grade which is part of the Junior High teachers and learners to understand the goal of @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 416  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 language teaching and learning, as well as how to singing activities, but insufficient in using audio achieve it. It is pointed out that the goal of language materials such as the tape recorder and CD player, teaching is to develop learners’ communicative using films and computers. competence (Liu, 2013). As advised in Rivers (2008), when selecting learning activities, one must always English language teachers’ problems with tapes and remember that the goal is for the students to be able to CDs have reported in larger scale studies like that of interact freely with others: to understand what others Büyükduman’s (2005) who suggested that tape wish to communicate in the broadest sense and to be recorders and cassettes should be distributed by the able to convey to others what they want to share. Ministry of National Education to Turkish primary schools’ English language classes. Following this point, Liu (2013) believes that the ultimate goal of language instruction is to equip More research is needed to understand the nature of learners with the ability to use the language for their the activities employed in Turkish EFL classrooms. communication. This notion reasonably explains why Teachers want their students to be competent in the four macro language skills (listening, speaking, vocabulary and speaking. However, participants’ reading, and writing) fall into the two categories: answers to the first question show that students vocal and written communication. Listening and continue to be passive learners who learn through speaking considered the most important forms of teacher-centered activities. It is problematic to see that vocal communication, whereas reading and writing these two realities cannot nurture each other to belonged to the most important forms of written educate successful learners since students cannot be communication. competent of a foreign language by learning vocabulary and speaking as passive learners. It is also Aytar and Öğretir’s (2008) study in Turkey of 350 problematic that teachers do not give importance to parents whose children receive pre-school education the culture of the language learned and taught. shows that more than 80% of these parents accept that English should be taught in pre-school institutions. The study results raised some interesting discussions Similar results found by İlter and Er (2007) which about the role of learners in English classes. Through support the view that parents and teachers think that class observations, it found out that the students English must taught in Turkey’s preschool themselves are not passive. This finding confirms institutions. previous studies that found Vietnamese to be no longer passive (Mai & Iwashita, 2012). Instead of Robertson (2013) emphasized that television or radio traditional whole-class settings, they prefer to uses is primarily dependent on the audience with participate in communicative activities that enable whom they are speaking to, speakers design their style them to use the language to express themselves, primarily for and in response to their audience. In the explore problems and exchange ideas with their case of mass media language, it is specifically friends to acquire knowledge effectively (Mai & patterned by the broadcaster with a particular Iwashita, 2012). audience in mind, and this determines what forms and content used; speakers respond primarily to their Igbokwe (2012) observed that spending most of their audience. time watching TV, the computer/internet, and cellular phones and not spending time in reading and writing Although as policy changes, parents’ and teachers’ would result in the decline of their scholastic support reflect on the need for high-quality course achievement. He further mentioned that students are delivery in English language teaching. Young learners rarely interested in using the foreign language in comes with many problems among which the interacting with peers. They are more interested in suitability of classroom activities and materials along using their own language like Filipino in the with teachers’ successful use is the leading one, Scott Philippines. Moreover, Paropcar (2010) recommended and Ytreberg (2010). that the students be guided of facilities such as libraries, as this could enhance their language Özdemir and Uşun’s (2009) found out that English development. language teachers considered themselves to be sufficient in using speaking, grammar, drama and @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 417  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Although Vietnamese students are not completely No matter if it is hard or easy to master a language, it passive, and although they prefer to participate in is a prolonged and consistent period. Acquiring or communicative activities, some de-motivating factors learning a language requires much time and effort have prevented them from being active in English from not only the learners but from the teachers as classes. The first reason is the students’ lack of well. Nowadays, when English considered as an confidence in their English proficiency. Other factors, international language, the activity of teaching and such as exam-oriented teaching and classes with learning English as a foreign or second language is students’ English levels might also the application of also examined and discussed widely all over the world learner-centered approaches and hinder the students’ (Alngog, 2013). active participation in English classes. The learner- centered approach should be implemented to facilitate Synthesis the active role of learners in English classes, (Mai & The literature and studies made as a basis on the Iwashita, 2012). formulation of the theoretical and conceptual framework of the study, the problem, hypotheses, and Local the summary by which the whole investigation was Alngog (2013) observes that secondary students show developed and conducted. As these studies above and poor proficiency in the English language in views show, much research is needed to uncover all expressing their feelings and in sharing their ideas. aspects of teaching English to young learners so that They find it hard to communicate various thoughts the quality of teaching increases as expected and because of the lack of mastery of the English planned. language. The majority is bereft of the lack of skills. The ideas of the authors compared to the language, Tabula (2010) focuses on the linguistic errors of the the teaching of English students and teachers have speech communication. He looked into the profile of inspired the researcher to focus on the use of various the respondents in terms of sex, course, type of high approaches on the English Proficiency of Grade 9 school graduated from, geographical location, Junior High Students. Insights from the students cited parents’ educational attainment, parents’ work status, had also helped in many ways. For example, language used at home, exposure to mass media, and educators faced with the challenge of addressing the how these variables are related to the respondents’ needs of the growing number of students whose linguistic errors. primary language is not English (Gibbons, 2003). Baetiong and Cabayan (2010) serves to examine the Insights from the studies cited had helped in many use of language learning strategies by high school ways. For instance, the studies of Alngog, Baetiong, students when speaking in class and factors. Seventy and Cabayan and Tabula strengthened the concepts of junior students of the public school were observed and the relationship between language performance, and asked to answer 19-item language checklist result reading comprehension of the students and the shows strategy to use to follow this order connection between language environment and the metacognitive social and comparative strategies students’ oral communication ability significantly subjects were classified among an adaptation of related to the investigation. ACTEL proficiency guidelines. Results indicated a significant difference between groups in the level of 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY frequency of which metacognitive strategies used and This chapter presents the research methods which at which strategies orchestrated. These factors were includes a brief description of the research used to influence strategy used. respondents, environment, instruments used in the data gathering procedure, scoring and statistical The classroom teacher should follow as much as treatment. possible a systematic procedure, starting with the collection of data, conduct analysis and publish the Research Design results and findings. The teacher should seek feedback This study conducted through descriptive-evaluative from colleagues at all stages of the process, process method since its aim was to describe students’ the final results in academic journals and refereed language environment and language preference and publications, sharing the results with others. assess the English language proficiency levels. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 418  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Further, the study sought to determine their relationship between these variables to discover the extent to which they affected one another and how they caused the existing problem of English proficiency in junior high school. The surveys made to ascertain the language environment among the respondents when they were on its real situation on the condition of practice. This method yielded quantitative information that analyzed statistically, and the selection of this design based on the objective of the study, the type of data and the analysis of data employed in the investigation. This technique acquired information through the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents, tabulating and summarizing the results of the responses. Research Locale The researcher conducted this study at Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School located at Barangay Figure2. Geographical Location of JSSNS La Purisima, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur of Caraga (Region XIII). The school situated along the national Respondents of the Study roads in a hilly portion of the said barangay. It The researcher made use of purposive sampling established in the year 2000 where there were six technique because they were only two classes of instructional buildings, and one non-instructional Grade 9 Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National room constructed. Of the instructional rooms, all of School. One class comprised of 47 students and other them are standard rooms, meaning they meet the class had 49 students. Ninety-Six (96) students chosen DepEd's guidelines for safety and usability. All in all, as respondents of this study. Table 1 presents the the school has at least one general academic distribution of respondents. classroom and office. Table 1 Distribution of Respondents This school is a neophyte institution recognized as a Total Sample Non-Implementing Unit (NIU) when it comes to Population Respondents financial management. It is an annex campus of Class A 47 47 Unidad National High School which offers Junior Class B 49 49 High School for Grades 7 to 10 and General Total 96 96 Academic Strand (GAS) and Technical-Vocational Livelihood for the Grade 11 Senior High School Research Instrument Students. There are 16 teaching and non-teaching Two questionnaires used to collect data for this study. personnel of the school with 420 students enrolled in The tools designed from the review of related the current school year. Thus, figure 2 presents the literature and the conceptual framework to measure geographical location of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National the independent and dependent variables. The first School in the District of Cagwait, Division of Surigao questionnaire was adopted from the study of Alngog del Sur. (2013) which composed of survey questionnaire on the language environment and the language preference of the respondents. The instrument designed to draw the real situation among the respondents. Before the administering of the test, a written document considered. Thus, a letter of intent personally hand-delivered by the researcher to the author on Survey Questionnaire on Language @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 419  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Environment and Language Preference (Alngog, help of the statistician as to the levels of proficiency 2013) to adopt his tool for the present study. of the students in English. The second instrument used the standardized Statistical Treatment questionnaire from the Division of Surigao del Sur The following statistical tools used to analyze the data exploring the English proficiency of the respondents. of this study. To determine Problem number 1 on the The structured questionnaire had eight language areas: language environment of the grade 9 students as to I. Grammar, II. Structure, III. Idiomatic Expressions, mass media, technology-based materials, and printed IV. Vocabulary, V. Verbal Analogy, VII. Logical reading materials, frequency count employed. Organization, VII. Identification of Errors, and VIII. Problem number 2 on the language preference of Reading Comprehension. student-respondents analyzed using Weighted Mean computation. The parameters used in this study based on DepEd Order No. 73, s. 2012 on the Guidelines in the To determine the proficiency levels in the eight Assessment and Levels of Proficiency under the K to language areas the researcher employed the following: 12 Curriculum in Public and Private Elementary and First, the Mean Percentage Score by using the formula Secondary Schools Nationwide. to get the percentage. The result compared to the descriptive categories of the index of performance or Weight Index of Performance Level of Proficiency index of proficiency of the eight language areas. 5 89-100% (A) Advanced Problem number 4 treated through Pearson Product 4 67-88% (P) Proficient Moment of Correlation (Pearson-r) to determine the 3 45-66% (AP) Approaching significant relationships between the language Proficiency preference and language areas. In the tests of 2 26-44% (D) Developing hypotheses, the level of significance set at the .05 1 01-25% (B) Beginning probability level. Data Gathering Procedure 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND The data gathering procedures of this research INTERPRETATION OF DATA followed in chronological order: First, a permit was This chapter presents the data gathered from the two required from the Faculty of the Graduate School of sets of instruments administered to Grade 9 students Surigao del Sur State University and a letter of intent of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School, the language to the Schools Division Superintendent to conduct this environment and language preference survey and the study. With the Superintendent’s endorsement, the English Proficiency test. The data gathered are herein researcher gave the letter to School Principal of Jose presented, analyzed and interpreted based on the Sanvictores Sr. National School by administering the sequence of the statement of the problem. test to the student-respondents. Language Environment of the Grade 9 Junior The study conducted on the usual teaching hours. The High Students questionnaires administered to Grade 9 Junior High Results on the language environment of Grade 9 School students. The participants in this study Junior High Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National informed that the data collected used in the conduct of School as to the following indicators: mass media, research and not viewed by other students and technology-based materials, and printed reading teachers that not involved in this study. This done to materials presented in Table 2. Frequency counting secure the most honest and accurate responses from and ranking were used to determine each category. the students. Administration of the questionnaire to the students carried out for only 60 minute period in It can be gleaned from Table 2 that the study the first week of December 2016. identified the groups of language environment. These were mass media available in their community such as After administering the test, the questionnaires television, radio and music gadgets. Technology- retrieved personally by the researcher to ensure its based materials like computer or the internet, cellular safe return with 100 percent retrieval. It then tallied, phones, DVD/movies some printed reading materials tabulated, analyzed, treated and interpreted with the @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 420  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 such as books/textbooks, newspapers/magazines, Google Chrome and others are more advanced dictionaries/thesaurus, pocketbooks/novels. technology-based materials which respondents are adept. These kind of Technology-Based Materials are The Grade 9 student-respondents asked to check the second to the most common tools used by the whether these materials found in their school, home or students in communicating with each other due to the their community where they exposed. accessibility of internet connectivity in their community. However, it observed that cellular phones Table 2 Language Environment of Grade 9 and internets adversely affect the reading levels as Students under Mass Media Igbokwe (2012) manifested that spending most of Language Environment their time in the computer/internet and cellular phones f % Rank Mass Media and not spending time in reading and writing would Television 64 67% 1 result in the decline of their scholastic achievement. Radio 7 7% 3 This study implies that the more students spend most Music Gadgets 25 26% 2 of their time in the cyber cafes, browsing, playing Total 96 100% games, texting through sending SMS with friends, the more they tend to become lazy in engaging in serious Table 2 shows that about 64 of the students or 67% reading. declared that they are exposed to television wherein Table 4 Language Environment of Grade 9 this type of medium is available within ones to reach Students under Printed Reading Materials while 25 of the students or 26% preferred Music Language Environment f % Rank Gadgets and only seven students or 7% of them Printed Reading Materials favored on Radio. This result supported by the study Books/Textbooks 63 66% 1 conducted by Alngog (2013) that 98% of students of Newspapers/Magazines 3 3% 3 Jacinto P. Elpa National High School preferred to Dictionaries/Thesaurus 29 30% 2 watch televisions than other forms of mass media. Pocketbooks/Novels 1 1% 4 They do not realize as observed by Igbokwe (2012) Total 96 100% that most of their time spent on watching television would result in the decline of their academic Table 4 shows that books are available in the school performance, especially in English. It noted that than any forms of mass media as confirmed by 63 or reading books are better than watching TV as far as 66% of the respondents. Hamra and Syatriana, (2012) active learning is concerned, Shadi and Udopia proves that the ability to read would enable the (2012). students to deal effectively with numerable printed Table 3 Language Environment of Grade 9 materials and many other types of technical materials Students under Technology - Based Materials that they encounter in the course of learning. Language Environment Therefore, the improvement of reading of the students f % Rank Technology-Based Materials should be the focus of teaching and learning process Computer Internet (FB, in increasing the human quality; otherwise, it would Instagram, Twitter, Skype, result in failure in learning the academic subjects. Edmodo, Quip per, Twitter, 42 44% 2 Emails, Google Chrome, etc.) Also, students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School Cellphones 44 46% 1 asked what language preferences they tend to use in DVD Movies 10 10% 3 these language environmental materials available in Total 96 100% school, home, and community. This preferred language of the respondents from the identified Technology-Based Materials on Table 3 reveals that indicators was numbered to their corresponding 46% of the respondents more exposed to cellular equivalents which shown Tables 5 and 6. phones and 44% of the respondents hooked in the computer/internet. The use of Cellphones is the Language Preference of Grade 9 Junior High easiest and most convenient way to communicate with Students their family, distant relatives, and friends; moreover, Tables 5, 6 and 7 highlight the language preference of Computer/ Internet usage such as Facebook, the respondents regarding the different platforms Instagram, Skype, Edmodo, Quipper, Twitter, Emails, identified in this study. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 421  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Table 5 Language Preference of Grade 9 Students in Terms of Mass Media Television Radio Music Gadget Over- Over-all Mass Media f % Rank f % Rank f % Rank all % Rank English 5 5% 3.5th 2 2% 5th 32 33% 2nd 14% Fourth Filipino 33 34% 2nd 26 27% 2nd 10 10% 3rd 24% Second Filipino-English 52 54% 1st 20 21% 3rd 41 43% 1st 39% First Tandaganon 1 1% 5th 43 45% 1st 5 5% 5th 17% Third Other Language 5 5% 3.5th 5 5% 4th 8 8% 4th 6% Fifth Total 96 100% 96 100% 96 100% 100% Table 5 shows that language preference of the mass communication, speech designed not only for a students regarding mass media is the spoken language few people to hear but an unknown mass of the Filipino-English as confirmed by 39% of the population. In fact, Liu (2013) believed that the respondents while the English language gained only ultimate goal of language instruction is to equip 20% almost the last in mass media. The Philippines’ learners with the ability to use the language for their Filipino-English spoken language commonly used as communication. This result further explains that in the observed by Fritz (2011) that bilingual students’ Philippines, Filipino-English spoken language is preferences differed across environment they spoke commonly used by students. most at home. Robertson (2013) opined that in the Table 6 Language Preference of Grade 9 Students in Terms of Technology-Based Materials Technology-Based Computer/Internet Cell phones Movie/DVD Over- Over-all Materials f % Rank f % Rank f % Rank all % Rank English 52 54% 1st 16 17% 4th 35 36% 1st 36% First Filipino 5 5% 3.5th 24 25% 2nd 26 27% 3rd 19% Third Filipino-English 30 31% 2nd 32 33% 1st 29 30% 2nd 32% Second Tandaganon 5 5% 3.5th 21 22% 3rd 0 0% 5th 9% Fourth Other Language 4 4% 5th 3 3% 5th 6 6% 4th 4% Fifth Total 96 100% 96 100% 96 100% 100% Table 6 reveals that 36% of the respondents preferred interested in using the foreign language in interacting English in engaging this type of language with peers for better communication. environment while Filipino-English spoken language observed by 32% of the respondents followed by Table 7 observes that 40% of the respondents Filipino by 19% and Tandaganon by 9% while other preferred reading materials in English-Filipino language obtained with 4%. This result implies that especially in books, newspapers/magazines, and the respondents are more interested in using foreign dictionaries/thesaurus while 27% of the respondents language than other languages. Indeed, the use of declared English as their language preference. This technology-based materials was emphasized by result was supported by Mai & Iwashita, (2012) that Robertson (2013) that this kind of manner is primarily instead of traditional whole-class settings, they prefer dependent on the audience with whom they are to participate in communicative activities that enable speaking to, speakers design their style primarily for them to use the language own language preference to and in response to their audience. Furthermore, express themselves, explore problems and exchange Igbokwe (2012) mentioned that students are rarely ideas with their friends to acquire knowledge. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018 Page: 422  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Table 7 Language Preference of Grade 9 Students in Terms of Printed Reading Materials Printed Newspapers/ Dictionaries/ Pocketbooks/ Ove Over- Books Reading Magazines Thesaurus Novels r-all all Materials f % Rank f % Rank f % Rank f % Rank % Rank 2 2 3 2 English 26% 2nd 22% 3rd 33% 2nd 26% 3rd 27% Second 5 1 2 5 2 3 1 3 Filipino 23% 3rd 34% 2nd 10% 3rd 38% 1st 26% Third 2 3 0 6 Filipino- 4 3 4 3 45% 1st 39% 1st 43% 1st 33% 2nd 40% First English 3 7 1 2 Tandagan 0 0% 5th 4 4% 4th 5 5% 5th 2 2% 4th 3% Fifth on Other 6 6% 4th 1 1% 5th 8 8% 4th 1 1% 5th 4% Fourth Language 9 100 9 100 9 100 9 100 100 Total 6 % 6 % 6 % 6 % % Language Proficiency Levels of Grade 9 Students of a language. On the other hand, 24% of the The language test employed in this study measured respondents are still on “Beginning” stage in the area the level of proficiency of students since the test item of Identification of Errors. This result proves that had been statistically proven dependable. The test is identification of errors is one of the challenging composed of 50 items which consisted of eight parts: aspects of language to teach well since it is a thought I. Grammar, II. Structure, III. Idiomatic Expressions, of fixed word forms and rules of usage. This result in IV. Vocabulary, V. Verbal Analogy, VII. Logical line with what (NCLRC) ascertained that on strategic Organization, VII. Identification of Errors, and VIII. competence where the students would know how to Reading Comprehension. There were two sections of repair communication. Everhard, Cooper, and Bock Grade 9 students tapped comprising 96 respondents. (2005) also stressed the importance of sentence sense The average mean per area of language proficiency in comprehension. indicated in Table 8. Significant Relationship between Language Table 8 English Proficiency Levels in Eight Preference and the English Proficiency Language Areas The study determined if the students’ language % Level of preference and English language proficiency have a Language Areas Score Proficiency significant relationship. Table 9 deduces that majority Grammar 39% Developing of the students’ English Language Areas are Sentence Structure 29% Developing predominantly “not significant” in relation to Idioms 31% Developing language preference in Grammar (p- 0.321), Sentence Vocabulary 27% Developing Structure (p-0.721), Vocabulary (p-0.243), Verbal Verbal Analogy 28% Developing Analogy (p-0.736), Logical Organization (p-0.497), Logical Organization 37% Developing Identification of Errors (p-0.344), and Reading Identification of Errors 24% Beginning Comprehension (p-0.245). This study implies that the Reading Comprehension 36% Developing not significant relationship between variables meant Over-all Percentage Score 31% Developing that regarding grammar and other components inclined to syntax; there is an underlying implication Table 8 elucidates that majority of the respondents are that the language preferred by the respondents with on Developing stage particularly in the language areas that of the English language has a difference because in Grammar, Sentence Structure, Idioms, Vocabulary, of the varied meanings of languages. Verbal Analogy, Logical Organization, Reading Comprehension with the overall percentage score of On the other hand, it is evident from the results that 31%. According to Eldoumi (2012) that these the students’ English language area on Idioms (r= language areas are central to the teaching and learning 0.211) is significantly related to the language preference of the respondents at the p-value of 0.039. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 423  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 This result led us to reject the hypothesis to a that a significant relationship between the significant relationship. This underscores that the proficiency in the English language in meaning is relative. Hence, respondents do not meet expressing their ideas could hardly communicate challenges regarding meaning making. Thus, this various thoughts because of lack of mastery of the indicates that the students with poor English English language. The majority is bereft of the lack of proficiency do not perform well in the class. On the language skills. same ground, the study of Alngog (2013) revealed Table 9 further explicates the significant relationship between language preference and the English proficiency of the respondents. Table 9 Significant Relationship between Language Preference and Language Area Language Areas Computed r p-value Conclusion Language Preference in relation to Grammar 0.102 0.321 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Sentence Structure 0.037 0.721 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Idioms 0.211 0.039 Significant Language Preference in relation to Vocabulary 0.120 0.243 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Verbal Analogy 0.035 0.736 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Logical Organization 0.070 0.497 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Identification of Errors 0.098 0.344 Not Significant Language Preference in relation to Reading Comprehension 0.120 0.245 Not Significant 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, facebook, twitter, Instagram); sending text messages AND RECOMMENDATIONS and watching DVD/movies.The preferred language This chapter delineates the summary of findings, regarding printed reading materials is Filipino-English states the conclusions and identifies some spoken language especially in reading books, recommendations. newspapers/magazines, and dictionaries/thesaurus. Summary of Findings On the other hand, the language proficiency levels of By the preceding study the following findings were Grade 9 students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National drawn: School are: Grammar - 39% (Developing), Structure - 29% (Developing), Idiomatic Expressions - 31 % On the Exposure of the Grade 9 Students (Developing), Vocabulary - 27% (Developing), Among the three groups of language environment Verbal Analogy – 28% (Developing), Logical under mass media, television is the most available in Organization – 37% (Developing), Identification of their school, community, and home other than any Errors – 24% (Developing), and Reading types of media where the respondents exposed. The Comprehension – 36% (Developing). The overall use of cellular phones is the preferred technology- percentage score is “developing” with 31%. based materials that the respondents are hooked up to, second with the utilizations of computer/internet. As to the Significant Relationship between Language Books are readily available in the school than any Preference and the English Proficiency, the forms of mass media under printed reading materials. correlation coefficient between the Language Preference and the English Proficiency of the p-value As to the language preference regarding mass media, is less than .05 level of significance. Hence, the null Filipino-English spoken language is commonly used hypothesis rejected. Thus, there is a significant with 39% of the respondents while the English relationship of the two variables. As far as Language language gained only 20% almost the last preferred in Preference on Idioms of the computed 0.211 and p- mass media. The students’ preferred language is value of 0.039 obtained to rejecting the hypothesis. English in understanding the use of technology-based Thus, it establish the significant relationship and materials such as computer, the internet (sending conclusion of the study. emails, researching, chatting, social networking, @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 424  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Conclusions other academic subject teachers, students, school Based on the findings, the study concludes that the administrators, curriculum designers and developers, Grade 9 Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National and other research enthusiasts. School manifest a decline in their English proficiency due to spending more time in television than reading The English teachers of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National books in their school, home, and community. In School may continuously update themselves with new effect, students complain that they could hardly approaches, methods, strategies and techniques in understand a language that is not native to them even teaching the English subject. This recommendation they try all the means to learn it. To them, even how can be done by attending seminars, trainings, and competent their teachers are in the language, still they workshops related to language and literature teaching. could hardly attain proficiency. Through this, they can bring out innovations like integrating Computer Aided Instructional Materials Further, the study concludes that the use of cellphones and other forms of social media such as Youtube, and the utilizations of computer, the internet like Quipper, Edmodo, Twitter, Skype, interactive sending emails, chatting on Facebook, twitter, powerpoint, etc. In their teaching and that the Instagram, Edmodo, etc would imply negative proficiency of the students in the English language implications for the students to become proficient in will increased. English especially that on Facebook. For example, these group of students are using their own mother The other Academic teachers handling subjects like tongue and does not help to improve their becoming Science and Mathematics of Jose Sanvictores Sr. proficient in English. Also, more students spend most National School are encouraged to support the of their time in the cyber cafes, browsing, playing English Program of the school by promoting the use games, texting through sending SMS with friends of English language in their classes. Also, they can which result in the decline in engaging to reading for serve as the model to their students in the use of the both academic and entertainment purposes. language and incorporate real life tasks that require the students to apply the English language while Likewise, the study concludes that due to their more learning the concepts in Science and Mathematics. exposure in mass media/social media like facebook, these students preferred to speak a combination of The Grade 9 students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National Filipino and English. This investigation is evident on School are suggested to expose them in computer- the result of the study that English fall under on the aided instructional materials using ICT to realize the last language. The students observed to be unable to importance of English language in learning English, express their thoughts in fluent English; thus, to Science and Mathematics concepts. They need to emphasize what they want to articulate, they tend to understand the English language as a system and of code switch in Filipino. Because of this, their the role of its components so as to understand its language fell under the developing level. demands on academic tasks and eventually gain skills to address the role of academic language in their Furthermore, the study concludes that a significant learning. relationship between the proficiency in the English language in expressing their ideas could hardly The school principal is recommended to have communicate various thoughts because of the concrete plans to develop and monitor their students’ difficulties in interpretations of information, deducing English language proficiency throughout their stay in meaning and summarizing ideas. All these boil down the institution by allocating resources that contribute to the problem on applying idioms, leading the to the students’ English language proficiency students not to understand what they are reading. program. They are not developing proficiency in the language. They have difficulty in expressing their ideas in Lastly, the curriculum designers and other research spoken and written form. enthusiasts are suggested to revisit the existing curriculum programs especially in English by taking Recommendations into consideration the result of the study. In the light of the findings and conclusions, several recommendations offered to English teachers and @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 425  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT TRAINING chamber theatre, essay writing, and other related PROGRAM FOR TEACHERS co-curricular activities; IN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY 4. Institutionalize INSET program for English Rationale teachers in the cluster during semester break and The English language proficiency of the Grade 9 summer vacations; students in Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School, 5. Prepare a supervisory program that will include District of Cagwait was investigated through their monitoring, evaluation and follow-up of content levels of proficiency based on the Mean Percentage knowledge and skills acquired by English teachers Score. The study indicates that majority of the during trainings/seminars to ensure that the students fall under developing level. acquired skills and knowledge are put into good use in improving their teaching efficiency. Follow This means that there is a dire need to examine the up in the classroom should also be done. teaching practices of teachers providing instruction in English proficiency since students rely on language II. Project Description proficiency to succeed academically. Nevertheless, The Project title of the English language intervention the positive relationship observed from the study program for teachers is called Turning Around Low means that the increase of one variable leads to an Performance in English, or Project TURN. It is a increase in the other. In other words, the more program that aims to improve the performance of proficient in English a student is, the better he/she is students in Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School. The in academics. program also aims to attain a 5% increase MPS of the schools every year starting SY 20017-2018. The This implies that if the teachers will put serious current emphasis of Project TURN is on improving efforts to improve language proficiency in English the English proficiency of teachers through additional better performance would be expected from the training and material support which is cited upon as students. On the other hand, a weak positive one of the key factors for the improvement of NAT relationship revealed from the study shows that scores. students do not learn because of their weaknesses in language proficiency. This is to say, the government ➢ Contents should devote itself seriously to improve proficiency The implementation of the Project TURN is in English, otherwise students will not be learning composed of six parts: Assessment, Intervention effectively. It is therefore, a necessary to design Package for Teachers, Intervention Package for appropriate language intervention program for Students, Intervention Package for Schools, Support teachers that would cater adequately on the language Program and Policy Enhancement and skills of the students which will be instituted this Implementation. summer. ➢ Assessment I. Program Objectives Under Project TURN, both teachers and students are The primary goal of this program is to reinforce the required to undergo assessment measures to levels of English language proficiency of the teachers accurately pinpoint problem areas in English. All with various techniques in order to increase the teachers who teach subjects that are taught in English academic performance of the students in English. are required to take the Teachers' English Proficiency Test, and students from grade 9 are required to take During the implementation phase, the objectives are the English test. The outcome of the assessment will as follows: be the basis in identifying specific language learning 1. Enrich the language of instruction of the English activities. teachers in Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School using various strategies in teaching; ➢ Intervention Package for Teachers 2. Intensify on the use of strategic instructional After the assessment, teachers shall be trained in the materials during classes; areas of oral and written communication, authentic 3. Conduct festival of talents in the form of literary assessment in communication, communicative arts such as speech choir, oration, language teaching, and teaching beginning, extemporaneous, jazz chants, spelling bee, developmental and remedial reading. Materials, both @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 426  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 print and non-print, shall also be provided for There are only three things to mind when it comes to teachers. The following are some of the language Voice & Accent (i) Pronunciation, (ii) Intonation, (iii) skills, contents, strategies, and approaches and Rate of speech. If a person learns to manage him or activities to support the development of the four herself in all the three, then it would be an easy task to English language skills: modulate the barriers. In pronunciation, identification of the syllable in the words is more important, once it • Remedial measures for speaking skills is done the rest depends on using the right vowel and Any learner who sets himself in a learning atmosphere consonant sound. To resolve these measures it is like schools will get enough opportunity to come mandated to learn the forty four sounds of English across new words and its meaning appropriated to the language and start applying it practically. situation. The moment he leaves the atmosphere there won’t be enough drills and works which gets him to In Intonation, one has to identify the scenario of come across new words. In such a scenario the usage, a same sentence will be considered in different language users must find an alternate source to get meaning which depends on what is emphasized. There new words and its meaning. Two activities will are three elements which will certainly acquire one to certainly create a room to build their vocabulary (i) improve better on their intonation (i) Loudness, (ii) Reading, (ii) Listening to audios. These two activities Stretch, and (ii) Pitch. One has to consistently practice will certainly give a measure to build one’s in these areas to acquire perfection in Intonation. vocabulary, since the user will come across lots of new words from which the reader can understand the The amount of words used in speech is known as rate meanings and the usage of new words. of speech. One must understand the fast speech will not make much sense to the listeners, and neither the Reading and Listening to audios alone will not get slow one. This problem can be rectified only in terms one to know more, whenever one comes across new of consciousness. The user needs to maintain a words he has to refer either to a dictionary or online caution while speaking to others in the beginning, by source to find its meaning and usage. Later, he has to self-instructing themselves to maintain a good rate of do some homework by talking to himself or in front of speech which is assumed to be 30 – 40 words per a mirror by using those words. He has to keep doing minute in a speech. this on a regular basis until he gets perfect with those words with consistency in their normal usage. More • Remedial measures for Reading skills than in reading the user can benefit from listening The procedure of going through a text or a passage in mode to build his vocabulary, though it clears the order to get the subject inside one’s mind is known as problem of pronunciation too. When a word is reading. This habitual certainly makes a person pronounced correctly, it definitely sounds beautiful, knowledgeable and resourceful. The protocol of then almost 20% of proficiency acquires from this act. reading is been explained from the basis studies, one Apart from vocabulary building the users get must know the letters, spellings, meaning of the words additional benefits of these two activities. It enhances and the knowledge of content understanding. Not knowledge and resource and keeps them updated if everyone is been gifted with this skill, most of them they are in terms of current affairs. In addition to find it difficult in doing this. Many reasons are traced, reading and listening users can use many activities for but the common issues which are found in most of the vocabulary building like playing puzzles and word cases are described as reading barriers. games like scrabbles and fables etc. It is certain that if a person needs to be educated in Listening to lots of audios will certainly help one to any domain, can’t skip this skill, but still many of identify and differentiate the accent, and practicing them are not in the marks when it comes to reading. the basis of vowels and consonants will make one to The ultimate reason is lack of Interest. It is nature that understand the relationship of words and sounds. the entire humanity prefers to listen to understand These will certainly enhance one’s voice & accent and things, rather than reading. To understand things they apply using it in their personal life, one’s voice better, reading is the best option. No one can create along with accent will get emulate. self-interest towards anything, but the suggestion opted as if one is determined to know more and to be resourceful, he has to spend time in reading books in @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 427  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 any at least minimum of 30 minutes a day. Once they Another barrier for writing is continuous overflow of acquired reading habit with this limits, then slowly emotions. This problem occurs in many professional they need to step forward by increasing the spending writers; they get lot of point than they write. This hours, in fortnight by default reading will become as a problem comes to people who write while thinking habit and interest towards reading will be developed themselves. The only solutions for this problem is to by default. make a practice of thinking first and then write about it. Even in this formula there is a problem. Most of Another barrier identified for reading is the appliance them wouldn’t recollect and remember all the points of skimming and scanning. The current generation they thought. To overcome this problem one must prefers to apply this term while reading anything practice the habit of note making and hint making nowadays, since the load of work is heavy, consisted through shorthand or in any of his favorite style which too much of workload which needs to be covered in could be accessible for him to recover the entire short time, nevertheless it becomes common among content of creation. students. This habitual will also create a boredom towards reading on later stages. In order to avoid this, • Remedial Measures for Listening skills one has to avoid applying the terminology of Despite it is the most proficient skill that the skimming and scanning while reading at least in the respondents were rated, it is of paramount importance scenario where it can be avoided. Practicing these to initiate some measures that would enhance more terms will certainly emulate one in the process of the ability of the students to listen critically since this reading. skill is intertwined with the other three macro skills in the language areas of concern. In addition, the • Remedial measures for writing skills capacity of human visualization is intended into many The art of “writing makes a perfect man” says Francis aspects like hallucination, delusion, fantasy, Bacon. Writing is not a definite measure for everyone; imagination, daydreaming, like more. These elements it is quite different with the rest of the skills. The can be considered as skills or else a curse depends above three skills Listening, Speaking, and Reading, upon the level of the appliance. Nowadays it’s been a are found common among everyone. If one enhances common problem for most of them, diverse from himself in those skills, it really makes him to stand on students to scholars in different domain. Some of better ground. But writing skill is unique and them take advantage of it and use it for their personal exempted from the above skills. Writing is used for and career growth, but most in cases it lies in defeat. conveyance of message and documentation. The Once a person got into these, it will surpass him to history of this world, science, and even religion is different levels and it is a tough task to get out of it. It conveyed through the process of writing. takes special training and motivation to re frame them. Many people tend to write but wouldn’t succeed due to writing barriers, even in this skill, there are some There are two types of daydreaming (i) sleep mode barriers identified for writing which can be resolved means a person will only dream or think something through practical training. The more one writes the out of the box only when their eyes are closed. (ii) better gets perfect. Every student can see difference in active mode means a person will still dream, or think his writings from age to age and standard to standard, something out of the box even by keeping their eyes completely depends upon one’s level of maturity and open, it occurs normal to every human being, but to level of understanding. Age factor plays a vital role in some people it gets worst in which they miss lot gaining experience, once it accumulates in a person; importance that happens in and around them. This is he or she needs to start practicing in communicating it the biggest barrier of listening skill. It’s been said a through writing. In the beginning everyone will find it child learns to speak by listening to his surroundings tough to explore his ideas exact in the manner he feels and it’s quite natural to understand which opts even or thinks, when day goes on the more he writes slowly for second language learners. and steadily the more will acquire them. Writing and reading are co-related. When one acquires mastery One can get perfection in a language only he or she and does a lot of reading by default he turns into a gets lots of good listening. The art of meditation will good writing. The struck up and struggle will not certainly help one to overcome this barrier. One must occur to set his point while writing. have a good control over their mind, body, and soul @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 428  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 which can be acquired through meditation. Thus, it ➢ Support Program prevents one to daydream and to get focused onto the Co-curricular activities are also integrated in Project subject and helps their listening ability. Inaudibility is TURN, such as conducting Speech Arts Competitions another barrier which prevents listening skill, there and Summer Reading Camps during school breaks. are several reasons for these acts, (i) it could be Activities for teachers, such as the organization of a physical disabilities or mental disabilities, (ii) Noise “Search for the Best Reading Teacher and Best and voice pollution. School in Reading,” will also be held to encourage the active participation of teachers in the program. The One has to identify with what complications they private sector is also tapped to support the program by suffer from, after the identification if it is due to helping out in the organization of the reading camps, physical or mental discomfort they have to approach a the acquisition of materials and the updating of library physician for suggestions which may recover for collections. those cases, if it is noise or voice pollution they’ve to make necessary environmental conditions which can ➢ Policy Enhancement and Implementation resolve the pollution. Policies will be also set in place by the DepEd to institutionalize the program, such as a one English Deeply Interpreting a concept is another problem that textbook-one student ratio as well as the adoption of lies in listening skill, which is not good in most of the the Every Child A Reader Program's reading models - cases, many of the people got struck with the beginning, developmental and remedial reading - plus problem, while one interpret on a said concept they its best practices. The DepEd also aims to miss the rest of words which may be equally institutionalize the provision of a library or reading important. To overcome this barrier one must practice center for every school. qualities like note taking, hints making, and gadget recordings these will certainly help to overcome this III. Operating Details barrier. A. Participants: The participants to this intervention program are the English teachers in the secondary ➢ Intervention Package for Students schools of Cagwait and school administrators. The intervention package for students primarily B. Resource Persons: The speakers are composed of focuses more on the provision of supplementary pool of experts in English. These are the Master reading materials and other auxiliary programs such Teachers in English of Cagwait, Division as medical/dental or feeding assistance. As stated Education Program Supervisor in English, and earlier, Project TURN focuses more on training Program Specialists in English. teachers to be able to teach better in order to improve C. Training Duration: The training program shall the performance of the students. In return, students are start in Summer of 2017 and the full expected to develop English language proficiency by implementation of the program shall begin in the acquiring knowledge in the specific English opening of classes in June 2017 and be proficiency skills. institutionalized in all the secondary schools of Cagwait. ➢ Intervention Package for Schools The intervention package for schools concentrates IV. Budgetary Requirements more on the development and implementation of A. Honoraria for the speakers(4XP500) -P2,000.00 information and communication technology-based B. Training Supplies -2,000.00 reading models to be used by students and teachers. C. Supplies for the intervention materials -10,000.00 This is accompanied by the provision of the necessary D. Sound System @ 500.00 for 3 days -1,500.00 materials and training to facilitate the ICT based E. Food Accommodations (Meals & Snacks @ 200) models, plus the construction of a speech laboratory - 5,000.00 to be set up in each high school. Traditional methods (25 participants X 200.00 X 3days) to help students learn English, such as books, are also TOTAL: P30, 500.00 included as the package also provides for an initial library collection for every school. In order to defray the expenses covered during the 3- day in-service training, the expenses shall be sourced from the following: @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 429  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 A. Teachers’ Registration Fee chargeable against development and instructional supervision as school MOOE (16 teachers and administrators as provided in the annual plan; participants X P500.00) -P10, 500.00 3. Increase classroom monitoring and observation of B. Local School Board through Special Education school head and Division Monitoring Team; Funds - 20,000.00 4. Create a convention of English teachers in the four Proposed Total Budget: P30, 500.00 high schools of Cagwait through benchmarking and sharing of best practices and exchange ideas V. Project Sustainability Plan based on the experience and find out applicable In order to sustain the implementation of the Project solutions to the problems encountered; TURN Intervention Program, the following activities 5. Improve availability of instructional and learning are herein laid and proposed: support materials; 1. Conduct yearly monitoring and evaluation 6. Implement effective school management and mechanisms align to the DepEd’s VMGO by administration through intensifying instructional discussing with target group the accomplishment supervision, Parents’ Participation, and Resource vs-a-vis performance targets; mobilization efforts. 2. Focus on school effectiveness program implementation policies in relation to curriculum Table 10 Proposed Enhancement Training Program for Teachers in English Proficiency TIME Day 1 Day2 Day 3 7:30- Registration Unfreezing Activities Unfreezing Activities 8:00 8:00- Opening Program Approaches and Strategies in Presentation of Computer 9:00 Teaching Writing Aided Instructional Materials 9:00- Nature and Approaches in in Strategies 10:00 Learning English Language 10:00- SNACKS 10:15 10:15- Approaches and Strategies in Approaches and Strategies in English Proficiency 12:00 Teaching Speaking Teaching Listening Assessment Tools 12:00- LUNCHBREAK 1:00 1:00- Approaches and Strategies in Use of Multi-Media in 2:00 Teaching Instruction 2:00- Return Teaching Demo and Reading 3:00 Critiquing 3:00- Reading Comprehension Development of Computer 4:00 Strategies Aided Instructional Materials 4:00- Closing Program 5:00 VI. The English Language Proficiency Matrices The English language proficiency standards reflect the academic dimensions of acquiring a second language that are expected to yield better academic performance. The language domains reflect the modality of the communication that is further delineated by the language proficiency levels and their model performance indicators. The five language proficiency levels outline the progression of language development implied in the acquisition of English as an additional language, from 1. Entering the process, to 5. Bridging to the attainment of state academic content standards. The language proficiency levels delineate expected performance and describe what English language learners can do within each domain of the standards. The language proficiency levels serve as stepping stones along the pathway to academic success where English language learners cross @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 430  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 the bridge from English language proficiency to meet academic content standards of the Department of Education. With these teaching training matrices, it has given the impetus to embark on the journey of redefining English language proficiency standards, tied to their academic content standards as the basis for the development of English language proficiency measures Figure3. The Levels of English Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement for English Language Learners Table11. Performance Definitions for the English Language Proficiency Standards At the given level of English language proficiency, English language learners will process, understand, produce, or use: • the technical language of the content areas; Level 5- • a variety of sentence lengths of varying linguistic complexity in extended oral or written Bridging discourse, including stories, essays, or reports; ➢ oral or written language approaching comparability to that of English proficient peers when presented with grade level material • specific and some technical language of the content areas; • a variety of sentence lengths of varying linguistic complexity in oral discourse or Level 4- multiple, related paragraphs; Expanding ➢ oral or written language with minimal phonological, syntactic, or semantic errors that do not impede the overall meaning of the communication when presented with oral or written connected discourse with occasional visual and graphic support • general and some specific language of the content areas; • expanded sentences in oral interaction or written paragraphs; Level 3- ➢ oral or written language with phonological, syntactic, or semantic errors that may Developing impede the communication but retain much of its meaning when presented with oral or written, narrative or expository descriptions with occasional visual and graphic support • general language related to the content areas; • phrases or short sentences; Level 2- ➢ oral or written language with phonological, syntactic, or semantic errors that often Beginning impede the meaning of the communication when presented with one to multiple-step commands, directions, questions, or a series of statements with visual and graphic support • pictorial or graphic representation of the language of the content areas; Level 1- • words, phrases, or chunks of language when presented with one-step commands, directions, Entering WH-questions, or statements with visual and graphic support @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018 Page: 431  International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 REFERENCES CITED 12. 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