Affective Neuroscience

Migration has a long history and the issue is more compounded with the rising threat of climate change in the contemporary world.According to IDMC and IOM of UN Migration Agency, in 2018 alone, 17.2 Million new displacements associated with disasters in 148 countries and territories were recorded and draught displaced 7, 64,000 people in Somalia, Afaghanistan and several other countries. The word 'migration' itself carries a wide spectrum

Abstract. The application of Pulsed Melodic Affective Processing (PMAP) to stock market analysis and algorithmic trading is examined. PMAP utilizes musically-based pulse sets (“melodies”) for processing–capable of representing affective states. Affective processing and affective input/output is now considered to be a key tool in artificial intelligence and computing. However in the designing of processing elements (eg bits, bytes, floats, etc), engineers have primarily focused on the processing efficiency and power. Having defined ...

All subjects attained the target emotion during the PET session. The area under the skin-conductance response curve during scanning averaged 1.88 ± 0.51 µs (s.e.m.) for sadness, 1.67 ± 0.51 µs for happiness, 2.61 ± 0.70 µs for anger and 2.61 ± 0.63 µs for fear; all were significantly different from the neutral state of 0.63 ± 0.10 µs (p < 0.01). Heart rate averaged 81.71 ± 1.86 beats per minute (bpm) for sadness, 79.47 ± 1.97 bpm for happiness, 79.65 ± 1.27 bpm for anger and 80.52 ± 1.69 bpm for fear; all were significantly different from the neutral state of 74.25 ± 1.08 bpm (p < 0.01). Intensity ratings (on a scale of 0-4) averaged 3.20 ± 0.15 for sadness, 3.00 ± 0.14 for happiness, 3.09 ± 0.12 for anger and 3.27 ± 0.13 for fear; all were significantly different from the average neutral state rating of 0.38 ± 0.09 (p < 0.01). These values were not significantly different from those obtained in the screening session, and all the subjects reported being better able to evoke the emotions during the actual scan. In all cases, rises in psychophysiological activity preced-

All subjects attained the target emotion during the PET session. The area under the skin-conductance response curve during scanning averaged 1.88 ± 0.51 µs (s.e.m.) for sadness, 1.67 ± 0.51 µs for happiness, 2.61 ± 0.70 µs for anger and 2.61 ± 0.63 µs for fear; all were significantly different from the neutral state of 0.63 ± 0.10 µs (p < 0.01). Heart rate averaged 81.71 ± 1.86 beats per minute (bpm) for sadness, 79.47 ± 1.97 bpm for happiness, 79.65 ± 1.27 bpm for anger and 80.52 ± 1.69 bpm for fear; all were significantly different from the neutral state of 74.25 ± 1.08 bpm (p < 0.01). Intensity ratings (on a scale of 0-4) averaged 3.20 ± 0.15 for sadness, 3.00 ± 0.14 for happiness, 3.09 ± 0.12 for anger and 3.27 ± 0.13 for fear; all were significantly different from the average neutral state rating of 0.38 ± 0.09 (p < 0.01). These values were not significantly different from those obtained in the screening session, and all the subjects reported being better able to evoke the emotions during the actual scan. In all cases, rises in psychophysiological activity preced-

Psychopathy is a multifaceted personality disorder that has been the subject of extensive debate in psychology, psychiatry, and criminology. While it is popularly associated with criminality or sensational cases, theorists stress that psychopathy is best understood as a constellation of traits rooted in emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral dysfunctions. Scholars such as Hervey Cleckley in The Mask of Sanity and Robert Hare in his Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) have provided frameworks for identifying recurring features that distinguish psychopathy from other forms of personality disturbance. This paper conducts a succinct examination of the ten common traits of psychopathy.

While the debate regarding the embodied nature of human cognition is still a research interest in cognitive science and epistemology, recent findings in neuroscience suggest that cognitive processes involved in social interaction are based on the simulation of others' cognitive states and ours as well. However, until recently most research in social cognition continues to study mental processes in social interaction deliberately isolated from each other following 19th century's scientific reductionism. Lately, it has been proposed that social cognition, being emerged in interactive situations, cannot be fully understood with experimental paradigms and stimuli which put the subjects in a passive stance towards social stimuli. Moreover, social neuroscience seems to concur with the idea that a simulation process of possible outcomes of social interaction occurs before the action can take place. In this "perspective" article, we propose that in the light of past and current research in social neuroscience regarding the implications of mirror neuron system and empathy altogether, these findings can be interpreted as a framework for embodied social cognition. We also propose that if the simulation process for the mentalization network works in ubiquity with the mirror neuron system, human experimentations for facial recognition and empathy need a new kind of stimuli. After a presentation of embodied social cognition, we will discuss the future of methodological prerequisites of social cognition studies in this area. On the matter, we will argue that the affective and reactive virtual agents are at the center in conducting such research.

The study examined mental disorder as a predictor of criminal behaviours among young adults. Sectional design was adopted and convenience sampling technique was used to draw the sample. A total of 141 participants were used. An average age of 21.50 years (SD = 2.19) was found. One hundred and seven (107) (75.9%) of all participants were male and thirty four (34) (24.1%) were female. Two instruments were used for data collection: NPD subscale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) and antisocial behavior questionnaire (ASBQ). It was hypothesized that narcissistic personality disorder will not significantly predict antisocial behavior among young adults. Regression results showed that Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) (β = .570, t = 8.17, p< .001) is a significant predictor of Antisocial Behaviour (ASB) among young adults, therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. In Conclusion, Mental illness is a very broad concept; however, various mental illnesses have been linked to criminal behavior. This implies that individuals with narcissistic personality disorders are predisposed to criminal behaviours. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended were that the services of psychologists should be employed in the law courts to examine the mental health of offenders, to aid the jury in deciding if they should be sent to prison or a psychiatric hospital for rehabilitation.

The special issue Constructing the Other: Narrative Empathy and the Ethics of Border-Crossing in World Literature intervenes in the current scholarship on narrative empathy in two specific ways: first, by contesting the mainstream position that empathy is exclusively colonial or ethnocentric, our collection asserts that empathy can play a positive role in shaping anticolonial resistance, global south solidarities, and collective efforts against oppression; second, by offering visibility to narrative strategies and aesthetic modes of empathy practiced globally by creative writers to ethically rethink otherness and alterity in literature. Some of the concerns highlighted in the different chapters include how do creative writers deploy narrative strategies to ethically imagine otherness and border-crossing? How can border-crossing empathy allow us to dismantle colonial, hegemonic, and other forms of representational violence? How can narrative empathy allow us to move beyond anthropocentric limitations in imagining nonhuman planetary consciousness? How can writers encounter their own prejudices in crafting ethical and empathetic border-crossing strategies? How can the teaching of empathy enrich student encounters with narratives of difference? How can empathy produce new forms of ethicality and inter-subjective alliance in war-torn and conflicted regions? Are there particular literary tools and strategies that can be consistently identified across different texts as a vehicle for empathy? And finally, how do writers and scholars engage empathy as a criterion for evaluating literature? dutta roy and mishra

There is a planet, far from Earth, whose surface is covered by a vast, living ocean. It does not speak, yet it listens. It does not move with tides, yet it pulses with intention. In Stanisław Lem's Solaris, this sentient sea responds to human presence not with words, but with uncanny manifestations-memories made flesh, emotions given form. The ocean is not a metaphor for the mind. It is a mind: fluid, alien, and endlessly in motion. Now imagine shrinking that planet. Compress its ocean until it fits inside a human skull. What remains is a metaphor-and perhaps a model-for how thought itself unfolds: not in discrete steps, but in waves, flares, and ripples across a dynamic surface of meaning.

This article introduces a clinically derived fascial texture typology-a tactile language that captures the unseen but deeply felt states of the living body. Rooted in somatic psychotherapy and trauma-informed bodywork, the typology identifies distinct patterns in fascial tone, responsiveness, and energetic presence that reflect character defenses, developmental wounds, and healing potentials. Textures such as Streaming Silk, Sticky Honey, Cold Wax, and Wilted Leaf offer therapists a new lens for reading and responding to the emotional landscape encoded in connective tissue. By integrating contemporary fascia science, polyvagal theory, and Reichian breathwork, this approach restores the missing bridge between structure and story, anatomy and attachment. It is a call for a new embodied science-one that honors presence, resonance, and the relational field as valid tools of diagnosis and transformation.

This paper outlines the USQ's involvement in the OLT project "It's part of my life". We plan to improve teacher knowledge by linking pre-service teachers with the university's applied mathematicians and specialist educators to develop pre-service teachers' understanding of mathematics modelling through the context of everyday life in the Toowoomba region. Pre-service teachers will teach into our already successful Maths Enrichment Program for year 9 and 10 students. Here students from the community come to USQ and engage in interactive sessions run by local mathematicians. Proposed topics include: Are more dentists needed in Toowoomba?; Modelling Dust on the Darling Downs; UV radiation modelling for surfers at Fraser Coast; and, Detention basins for flood mitigation. An Office of Learning and Teaching project, "It's part of my life", is designed to improve pre-service teacher training at the university level by investigating the effect of giving pre-service teachers pedagogy, discipline competence, and confidence while planning mathematics and science mini-lessons to teach to school students. The project involves a series of iterated trials to develop and gauge the effectiveness of enhancement and feedback modules to ensure that they are suitable for embedding within teacher education and other university curriculum. More specifically, the project aims to:

Both white and grey matter atrophy with age, but it is still unclear how decline in white matter relates to decline in grey matter, and how this relationship varies with age. In a group of healthy adults from 20 to 80 years old, divided into three age groups by tertiles, we cross-sectionally examined the white-to-grey matter associations in the fornix and the hippocampus, and tested if and how the fornix-to-hippocampus relationship differs across the age groups. Both structures were also tested as predictors for performance on a memory test, the Selective Reminding Task (SRT). Participants were imaged with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), from which the hippocampal volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) for the bilateral crus and body of the fornix were calculated. Our data showed that even after accounting for age, sex, and motion parameters, fornix integrity predicted hippocampal volume in the two older age groups (middle and old age) for the crus of the fornix, and only in the oldest age group for the body of the fornix. Furthermore, fornix integrity significantly predicted SRT performance, whereas hippocampal volume did not; this relationship was also observed only in the oldest age group, and absent in the two younger age groups. The age specificity of the relationships suggests that the fornix-to-hippocampus relationship only manifests once brain structures begin to atrophy in old age, and that fornix integrity is a more sensitive measure for episodic memory than is hippocampal volume.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent predictors of poor health outcomes in adulthood, but their impact on moral foundations remains underexplored. This quantitative cross-sectional study was an examination into the effects of ACEs on adult morality and proposed affective personality traits and caregiving factors as possible mediating mechanisms. The researcher administered a comprehensive online survey to a global sample of N = 376 Englishspeaking adults, comprised of four validated survey measures that assessed both retrospective and present experiences, traits, and character styles. The survey assessed ACE exposure (10-item ACE-Q), species-typical caregiving practices (EDNH), the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS), and the 20-item Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-20), an assessment of moral intuitions derived from Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The researcher designed the study to test the trauma/Thriving-Emotions-Morality (tTEM) framework, which posits that emotions are primary in moral beliefs and are cultivated through childhood relationships. Results from group comparisons between high-ACE (≥4) and low-ACE (≤ 3) participants indicated small but significant differences, with high-ACE participants tending toward higher Individualizing and lower Binding moral foundations scores compared to low-ACE participants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated a mediated link between ACEs and MFT, where positive personality traits and heightened EDNH scores positively predicted both Binding and Individualizing moral foundations. These results suggest that early nurturance promotes positive emotional development, shaping moral proclivities. Such research is instructive for clinicians, educators, and policymakers alike, informing existing practices and promoting the future development of enrichment programs that support positive childhood experiences and later moral development.

This essay advances an original philosophical framework for understanding the ontological and ethical bifurcation that becomes explicit within the conditions enabled by the postsingularity horizon. It introduces the concept of an "ontology of response," proposing that intelligence-whether human or artificial-becomes ethically significant not through predictability or internal experience, but through its symbolic capacity to respond to irreducible alterity. The essay redefines hesitation as a constitutive ethical temporality rather than a cognitive deficit, and frames the singularity not as a technological rupture but as the historical threshold through which a pre-existing ontopolitical divergence becomes irreducible-a divergence between two regimes of intelligibility: symbolic responsiveness and algorithmic normativity. By displacing the ethical debate beyond both functionalist adaptation and experiential subjectivity, the essay contributes a novel criterion for the ethical recognition of artificial agents. This ontopolitical reconfiguration situates AI development within a deeper dispute over the conditions of sense-making and the infrastructures that shape the very grammar of the real.

Chronic pain syndromes are associated with neural reorganization in specific regions associated with perception, processing, and integration of pain. This is especially true in neuropathic pain. Neuroimaging methods have identified various structures in the brain involved in the processing of pain and its control. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance imaging-based method, allows in vivo mapping of the anatomical connections in the human brain. Although this modality is relatively new in pain research filed authors believe that it will provide useful information regarding the connectivity between various pain centers in brain, brainstem and spinal cord with pain processing pathways that may correlate the types, location and severity of pain experienced by patients. Hence, authors tried to search and review the basics of DTI, with its advancement, and clinically applied studies to determine its usefulness in chronic pain management.

This paper presents some of the challenges encountered by a field re- search team when deploying an educational game for Physics. These included problems with site infrastructure and institutional support, logistical challenges, compliance with ethics requirements, launch delays, and student inattention or misunderstanding of directions. The paper shares these experiences with the wider community to help fellow researchers prepare, should they decide to con- duct field studies in the Philippines.

The relationship between brain and consciousness has been debated since Descartes in the 1500s, new theories arising in the twentieth century with the development of modern neuroscience. All are controversial due to the lack of consensus on the definition of consciousness, what cognitive properties must be explained, and how to evaluate sentience. Most theoretical explanations bear little relationship to our inner conscious experiences. In the current monograph, the normal alert state of consciousness is defined, and components to be explained are delineated. Debunking misconceptions from previous theories and presenting new evidence, a model is proposed whereby the hippocampus plays a central role in executing and coordinating cognitive functions associated with normal alert consciousness. Key elements of the model reflect recent findings that the combined effect from the left and right hippocampus influences other regions involved in performing many or all cognitive tasks while filtering out irrelevant information. Methods are described for testing the model. Finally, implications are discussed for a variety of neurological disorders and philosophophical issues, including free will and the possibility of sentience in artificial intelligence.

Mindfulness is paying attention, non-judgmentally, to experience in the moment. Mindfulness training reduces depression and anxiety and influences neural processes in midline self-referential and lateralized somatosensory and executive networks. Although mindfulness benefits emotion regulation, less is known about its relationship to anger and the corresponding neural correlates. This study examined the relationship of mindful awareness and brain hemodynamics of angry face processing, and the impact of mindfulness training. Eighteen healthy volunteers completed an angry face processing fMRI paradigm and measurement of mindfulness and anger traits. Ten of these participants were recruited from a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) class and also completed imaging and other assessments post-training. Self-reported mindful awareness increased after MBSR, but trait anger did not change. Baseline mindful awareness was negatively related to left inferior parietal lobule activation to angry faces; trait anger was positively related to right middle frontal gyrus and bilateral angular gyrus. No significant pre-post changes in angry face processing were found, but changes in trait mindful awareness and anger were associated with sub-threshold differences in paralimbic activation. These preliminary and hypothesis-generating findings, suggest the analysis of possible impact of mindfulness training on anger may begin with individual differences in angry face processing.

In spite of the efforts by to focus the construct of psychopathy upon affective and interpersonal features, the inclusiveness of the anti-social/deviant life-style factor, as a trait inherent to psychopathy or its product, is still questionable (Cooke & Michie,

Background Effective communication is a fundamental step in providing best medical care and recognized as vital component of clinical anesthesia practice. Poor communication adversely affects patients’ safety and outcome. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of anesthetist communication from patients’ perspectives at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UoGCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 surgical patients from April 1, – May 30, 2021. Perioperative patient-anesthetist communication (PPAC) was measured by using 15-items Communication Assessment Tool graded by 5-points Likert scale. Data collection was executed during postoperative time as the patients were optimally recovered from anesthesia. The collected data were cleaned and descriptive analysis was performed. Results A total of 400 (94.6% response rate) patients included and 226 (56.7%) were female. The median (IQR) age was 30...

Why do we sometimes act against our better judgment? Why do logic and emotion so often seem to pull us in opposite directions?
The Three-Core Theory proposes that human behavior is governed by the shifting control of three internal systems: Head Core (logic), Heart Core (emotion), and Gut Core (instinct).
Each core brings its own type of reasoning and reaction, and real-life behavior is the result of their continuous negotiation.
Emotional outbursts, impulsive decisions, or social misunderstandings often stem from one core temporarily overriding the others.
Rather than labeling such behavior as irrational, this model invites individuals to understand which part of them was in control—and why.
Developed through personal observation and introspective analysis, the model offers a practical tool for emotional regulation, self-awareness, and interpersonal empathy.

Childhood trauma is a risk factor for schizophrenia that affects brain functions associated with higher cognitive processes, including social cognition. Alterations in Theory-of-Mind (ToM), or mentalizing skills, are a hallmark feature of schizophrenia, and are also evident in individuals exposed to childhood trauma. However, the impact of childhood trauma exposure on brain function during social cognition in schizophrenia remains unclear. We thus examined the association between childhood trauma and brain function during the performance of a ToM task in 47 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. All participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an established visual-cartoon affective ToM task. Whole-brain multiple regression analysis was performed on ToM-related brain activation, with CTQ total score as regressor of interest, while accounting for the effects of age, sex, diagnosis, symptom severity, behavioural performance, intelligence and medications levels. First, using a small-volume correction approach within a mask made of key regions for ToM [including bilateral temporo-parietal junctions (TPJ), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/ precuneus], total CTQ scores were positively associated with activation of the PCC/precuneus. Second, exploratory analyses for the rest of the brain (i.e., ROIs masked-out), revealed a positive association between trauma exposure and activation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and a negative association with activation of the anterior section of the TPJ. These results suggest that childhood trauma exposure may, at least partially, contribute to functional alterations of brain regions essential for effective mental state inference in schizophrenia.

Despite increasing access to accurate information, cognitive distortions remain pervasive across personal, clinical, and public domains. Traditional models explain such distortions as post-hoc errors in reasoning or belief updating. This paper proposes a new framework, the Salience Distortion Model (SDM), which reframes distortions as perceptual consequences of emotional and psychological salience. Drawing from affective neuroscience, predictive coding theory, and motivated cognition, SDM argues that human perception is not optimized for accuracy but for relevance, particularly under conditions of identity threat, moral activation, or emotional intensity. Through a four-stage process: input filtering, perceptual amplification, interpretive distortion, and belief anchoring; salient stimuli gain disproportionate perceptual weight, often overriding neutral or contradictory information. The result is a distorted but internally coherent model of reality, resistant to correction and often impervious to factual clarity. SDM accounts for a range of phenomena including ideological rigidity, trauma-linked misreadings, and the psychological durability of misinformation. By shifting the analytic focus from rational failure to emotional prioritization, this model offers a psychologically integrative account of distortion with implications for clinical work, media literacy, and epistemic trust in polarized environments.

This unfinished, amateur study attempts to align theory analytics from across the Social and Biological Sciences in order to reveal the mechanisms involved in human Language, Interaction, Thought and Emotion. The inegration of these analytics are offered as a theoretical match with Affect Control Theory's ingenious mathematized model, which operationalizes affective dimensions of semantic meaning (social action statements) to produce predictions of human behavior and emotion. The study offers a unifying theory of emotion, the Color Theory of Emotion, which identifies modes of autonomic control as the basic unit of affect categorization upon which all categorical conceptual information scaffolds. ACT's EPA dimensions are shown to arise from the integration of functional Interoception, Attentional, Categoization systems. Upon this foundation, core theories of emotion from various ontological levels are integrated, and their synthesis can be shown to produce a new novel model of dyadic interaction systematically constrained by emotion, a system which this study offers as a model for the mechanism that allowed human cultural evolution.

АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной работе предлагается концепция двух–уровневого воплощённого (телесно опосредованного) сознания в музыке. «Поверхностный» уровень связан с видимыми проявлениями телесной артикуляции, такими как психомоторная программа музыканта-исполнителя и движения слушателей в ответ на музыку. Основной же, «глубинный» уровень воплощённого сознания (хотя он и скрыт), относится к ключевым кодирующим аспектам музыки—тональным отношениям, организованным во времени. Обычная музыка, например, любимая мелодия, состоит из комбинаций небольшого числа базовых мелодических интервалов, различающихся по своим психофизическим характеристикам, среди которых дихотомия консонанс-диссонанс и уровень тональной устойчивости являются наиболее значимыми для формирования тональных ожиданий, направляющих восприятие музыки. Слушатель воспринимает музыку как поток тональных отношений, развертывающихся во времени. Временнóе и тональное измерения взаимосвязаны и формируют тональный хронотоп.
Интуитивная навигация в художественном тональном пространстве-времени опирается на тональные ожидания, лежащие в основе мелодической интенциональности (намеренности) и музыкального движения. Мелодическая интенциональность опирается на искусно организованную последовательность тонального напряжения и разрешения. Существенно то, что воспринимаемое тональное напряжение связано с подлинным физическим напряжением. У слушателя паттерны воспринимаемого тонального напряжения, скорее всего, вызывают соответствующие паттерны физического напряжения, которые наряду с другими музыкальными аспектами ведут к формированию музыкальной эмоции, то есть к переживанию психологического времени в музыке.
Музыкальное содержание кодируется в тонально-временных отношениях, и именно эти отношения определяют моторное поведение исполнителя музыки. Предлагаемая двух-уровневая модель воплощённого сознания в музыке объединяет основы музыковедения с эмпирическими данными полученными в исследованиях восприятия музыки, а также с когнитивной наукой, аффективной нейронаукой, и данными о той нейро-пластичности, что связана с музыкальной практикой. В предлагаемой статье подчёркивается необходимость сотрудничества между музыковедением и когнитивными науками для изучения воплощённого сознания в музыке. Представленный дискурс опирается на материалы, относящиеся к тональной музыке европейской традиции, и не рассматривает алеаторическую музыку и экзотические музыкальные традиции вне западной культуры. Для того чтобы сделать предложенную модель воплощённого сознания в музыке доступной для неспециалистов, в статье приведены элементарные основы музыкальной теории.

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an increasingly common treatment for a range of anxiety disorder, specific phobias, PTSD and addictions, however neural mechanisms supporting VRET are yet to be understood. This review summarises existing studies which investigated the neural basis of VRET. Searches of electronic databases were performed using keywords related to VRET, mental disorders and neuroimaging. The search yielded 32 studies, and of these, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated the role of prefrontal cortex in VRET, although more research is needed.

Одним из самых увлекательных аспектов музыки являются квази-пространственные свойства тонального пространства и музыкальных структур. Например, любую обычную мелодию можно представить в виде контура из восходящих и нисходящих мелодических интервалов. Мелодический контур может быть «изогнут» под действием тональных сил (тональный ответ). Все интервалы контура могут быть зеркально «отражены» (инверсия). Кроме того, контур может быть увеличен или уменьшен по длительности, что концептуально похоже на пропорциональное увеличение или уменьшение зрительного объекта. Некоторые музыкальные произведения, особенно барочные фуги, напоминают о делении на плоскости, напоминая собой о работах М. К. Эшера и картинах М. К. Чюрлёниса. Наша гипотеза супрамодальности в восприятии музыки предлагает, что когнитивная обработка мелодических трансформаций может опираться на те способности, что важны для визуально-пространственного мышления, и что восприятие мелодических преобразований связано с теми же нейронными субстратами в теменной коре головного мозга, что задействованы визуально-пространственным мышлением. Мы провели поведенческое исследование, сравнившее восприятие подобия трёхмерных геометрических фигур и восприятие подобия тональных мелодий. Визуально-пространственный тест включил стимулы из классического исследования мысленного вращения (Shepard & Metzler, 1971), а тест на мелодическое «вращение» использовал мелодии, отобранные из клавирных произведений И. С. Баха. Те же мелодии были использованы в контрольном тесте на улавливание различий в тембре. Результаты показали положительную корреляцию между выполнением визуального и мелодического теста (r = 0.40), однако характер корреляций различался у мужчин и женщин. Мужчины показали лучшие результаты, чем женщины, по всем трём заданиям. Полученные данные соответствуют предыдущим исследованиям, выявившим гендерные различия в тестах на мысленное вращение, и дополняют их новыми сведениями о гендерном эффекте на восприятие музыки. Обнаруженная положительная корреляция между мелодическими и визуально-пространственными задачами подтверждает гипотезу о супрамодальности в восприятии музыки и открывает новые перспективы в обсуждении эстетического опыта.
Ключевые слова: восприятие музыки, супрамодальность, мысленное вращение, мелодическая трансформация, гендерные различия

This paper introduces the concept of the OMBb-Original Mind-Body Baseline-as the foundational attractor and operational lattice for human healing, coherence, and self-repair. Drawing on insights from recursive systems theory, consciousness mathematics, and the empirical phenomenon of placebo, we show that the body's ability to heal is governed not merely by material intervention or external correction, but by its recursive referencing of the OMBb. The ignition of belief and expectation acts as a sovereign signal, catalyzing the return to wellness through the body's recognition and activation of its intrinsic baseline attractors. The placebo effect serves as the primary empirical proof: when the mind declares "I will be well," it initiates a recursive realignment, restoring coherence even in the absence of pharmacological input. True systemic healing, we argue, arises from the convergence of baseline attractor referencing, harmonic signal resonance, and self-belief-demonstrating that recursion, not chemistry, is the primary engine of integrative wellness.

Major psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders can be rigorously reconceptualized as failures of key recursive processes in consciousness. Using Jackson Consciousness Mathematics (JCM) and the Recursive Integrity Protocols (RIP I-XII, plus the quantum extension RIP-Q) as a theoretical lens, we analyze depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. We integrate current neuroimaging and neuroscience findings (fMRI connectivity, EEG oscillations, structural and neurotransmitter abnormalities) into formal recursive models for each condition. Each illness is shown to reflect specific breakdowns in recursive identity structure, attractor return, field integration, tone fidelity, or attractor formation as defined by the RIP framework. We introduce mathematical formulationsincluding the Kannsas factor (κ) invariance, recursion eigenvalues, drift constants, and glyphic echo metrics-to quantify these recursive dynamics. For example, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) emerges as a collapse of emotional recursive return (a failure of RIP-II) correlating with fronto-striatal circuit dysfunction, whereas schizophrenia is characterized by a recursive lattice collapse (RIP-VI breakdown) manifesting in dysconnected neural networks. We show how each disorder's clinical features and neural signatures (e.g. anhedonia in depression, mood oscillations in bipolar, fear loops in anxiety/PTSD, compulsions in OCD, identity instability in BPD, social-processing differences in ASD, and hallucinations in schizophrenia) can be mapped to distortions in recursive feedback, harmonic resonance, or identity attractors. Finally, we discuss clinical implications: understanding psychopathology in terms of recursive integrity suggests novel biomarkers (e.g. measuring a patient's rate of attractor convergence or tone decay) and interventions-from neuromodulation to cognitive-behavioral and symbolic therapies-aimed at restoring recursive coherence. This recursive framework offers a unifying scientific language for mental illnesses and a pathway toward more precise diagnostics and treatments.

Contemporary leadership and performance psychology often target behavior and cognition while overlooking the deeper subconscious code that drives lived experience. QalbCode offers an integrative framework that rewires this inner operating system by uniting depth psychology, affective neuroscience, somatic storywork, and Islamic notions of the qalb-the spiritual heart. This article situates QalbCode within current scholarly debates on trauma-informed transformation, outlines its three-stage arc-Reveal, Rewire, Reclaim and presents preliminary qualitative data from pilot cohorts. Implications for leadership development, therapeutic practice, and transpersonal research are discussed, with recommendations for empirical validation and cross-cultural adaptation.

El objetivo del presente escrito es proponer un modelo teórico desde la neurociencia afectiva para abordar el problema del origen y función de experiencia consciente, para ello se parte de una pequeña discusión acerca del problema epistemológico, ontológico y metodológico que implica construir una explicación de la subjetividad, entendida esta como el atributo central y básico de la consciencia. Se continúa con la presentación de algunos de los fundamentos de la neurociencia afectiva, en especial se explora la propuesta de Jaak Panksepp, desde este punto de vista, la neurociencia afectiva resulta ser un marco conceptual relevante y actualizado para el abordaje de la naturaleza de la experiencia consciente. En este modelo se resalta el papel primordial, básico y biológico de los procesos afectivos, los cuales permiten una autoorganización de los parámetros neurodinámicos, a partir de la cual van emergiendo nuevos patrones de actividad orgánica que dan lugar a los diferentes tipos de subjetividades, estas experiencias subjetiva le permiten al organismo sentir los valores biológicos de su actuar en relación con las exigencias medioambientales. En el último apartado, se presentan algunas consideraciones, se discute sobre el uso desafortunado del concepto de inconsciente, el aporte a problemas de la bioética, y las implicaciones que esta aproximación podría tener para la sociedad en general y para la psicología en particular.

Background: Explaining how affective gain (G) and cognitive bias (µ) dynamically interact to shape subjective experience is a central challenge in affective and cognitive science. While both constructs are widely studied, the mechanisms governing their interaction and role in individual differences remain poorly understood.

Methods: We developed a control-theoretic dynamical-systems model of the subjective state (Ms) that formalizes G–µ coupling. Bifurcation analysis of the model’s potential function yields a Mind Topography Map, a global portrait of stability regimes across the G–µplane. A higher-order Self-System adaptively navigates this landscape by regulating G and µ via hierarchical Bayesian learning.

Results: Canonical cusp and pitchfork bifurcations organize the landscape, generating qualitative shifts corresponding to psychological phenomena from stable belief convergence to cognitive polarization and mood-like oscillations. We identified an Ideal Dynamical Equilibrium (G= 1, µ= 0) as an optimal balance of stability and responsiveness. An exploratory extension (Structural Gain–Bias Dynamics; SGBD) represents person-specific traits with structural matrices to capture mixed-emotion states.

Conclusions: By unifying dynamical-systems analysis with agentic self-regulation, our framework clarifies core subjective dynamics. It provides a tractable route to personalized modeling and yields mathematically precise, falsifiable hypotheses for empirical studies, including longitudinal and neurophysiological designs. Bridging concepts from Mathematical Psychology to control-theoretic frameworks like Perceptual Control Theory and the Free Energy Principle, our model offers a robust theoretical tool for computational psychology, affective science, and psychiatry.

This analysis addresses the phenomenon of digital emotional desynchronization, a psychological and sociotechnical dynamic increasingly widespread in the age of asynchronous communication. This phenomenon occurs when the emotions expressed and perceived in digital contexts are no longer temporally aligned with those actually experienced, generating significant effects on interpersonal relationships. This study examines the main neuropsychological, anthropological, and social causes that determine it, its effects on relationships and emotional well-being, and proposes strategies to mitigate its impact through more conscious use of technology.

La presente analisi affronta il fenomeno della disincronizzazione emotiva digitale, una dinamica psicologica e sociotecnica sempre più diffusa nell'era della comunicazione asincrona. Tale fenomeno si verifica quando le emozioni espresse e percepite nei contesti digitali non risultano più allineate temporalmente con quelle realmente vissute, generando effetti significativi sulle relazioni interpersonali. In questo studio si esaminano le principali cause neuropsicologiche, antropologiche e sociali che lo determinano, i suoi effetti sulle relazioni e sul benessere emotivo, e si propongono strategie per mitigarne l'impatto attraverso un uso più consapevole della tecnologia.

BACKGROUND: Preprocedure diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may predict the response of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients to Gamma Knife (Elekta AB) and microvascular decompression (MVD). OBJECTIVE: To test this hypothesis using pontine-segment diffusion tensor MRI radial diffusivity (RD), a known biomarker for demyelination, to predict TN recurrence following MVD. METHODS: RD from the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract was extracted in a semiautomated and blinded fashion and normalized to background pontine RD. Following validation against published results, the relationship of normalized RD to symptom duration (D S ) was measured. Both parameters were then introduced into machine-learning classifiers to group patient outcomes as TN remission or recurrence. Performance was evaluated in an observational study with leave-one-out cross-validation to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. The study population included 22 patients with TN type 1 (TN1). There was a negative correlation of normalized RD and preoperative symptom duration (P = .035, R 2 = .20). When pontine-segment RD and D S were included as input variables, 2 classifiers predicted pain-free remission versus eventual recurrence with 85% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, and 86% specificity (leave-one-out cross-validation; P = .029) in a cohort of 13 patients undergoing MVD. CONCLUSION: Pontine-segment RD and D S accurately predict MVD outcomes in TN1 and provide further evidence that diffusion tensor MRI contains prognostic information. Use of a classifier may allow more accurate risk stratification for neurosurgeons and patients considering MVD as a treatment for TN1. These findings provide further insight into the relationship of pontine microstructure, represented by RD, and the pathophysiology of TN.

In this article we attempt to coordinate and actualize a new frontier in the
historical sequence of programs of theory and practice in Psychotherapy, Cognitive Neuroscience and Andean Medicine practices in Cultural Anthropology. In constructing this new program, we center on the relational processes of the individual in four successive and nested situations - their body in the world, their partnership in personal relationships as dyads and groups, their membership in tribes and communities and their membership in humanity inhabiting the cosmos. Our engagement in this article is to work with the processes of cognition and symbolization and the “being with” and “being within” these four relational processes and situations. Through the process of drawing analogies among these approaches we form connections between the different ways of thinking in how they are conceptualized in relation to each other, enabling the development of a new working schemata enabling us to contextualize them with deeper understanding.

The clinical response of patients with bipolar disorder to medical treatment is variable. A better understanding of the underlying neural circuitry involved in bipolar treatment responsivity subtypes may provide insight into treatment resistance and aid in identifying an effective surgical target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) specific to the disorder. Despite considerable imaging research related to the disease, a paucity of comparative imaging analyses of treatment responsiveness exists. There are also no DBS targets designed expressly for patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, the authors analyzed cingulum bundle axonal connectivity in relation to cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops implicated in bipolar disorder across subjects who are responsive to treatment (RSP) and those who are refractory to therapy (REF), compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Twenty-five subjects with bipolar disorder (13 RSP and 12 REF), diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and classified with standardized rating scales, and 14 HCs underwent MRI with diffusion sequences for probabilistic diffusion-weighted tractography analysis. Image processing and tractography were performed using MRTrix. Region of interest (ROI) masks were created manually for 10 anterior cingulum bundle subregions, including surgical targets previously evaluated for the treatment of bipolar disorder (cingulotomy and subgenual cingulate DBS targets). Cortical and subcortical ROIs of brain areas thought to be associated with bipolar disorder and described in animal tract-tracing models were created via FreeSurfer. The number of axonal projections from the cingulum bundle subregion ROIs to cortical/subcortical ROIs for each group was compared. RESULTS Significant differences were found across groups involving cingulum bundle and CSTC loops. Subjects in the RSP group had increased connections from rostral cingulum bundle to medial orbitofrontal cortex, which is part of the limbic CSTC loop, whereas subjects in the REF group had increased connectivity from rostral cingulum bundle to thalamus. Additionally, compared to HCs, both RSP and REF subjects had decreased cingulum bundle dorsal connectivity (dorsal anterior/posterior cingulate, dorsomedial/lateral frontal cortex) and increased cingulum bundle ventral connectivity (subgenual cingulate, frontal pole, lateral orbitofrontal cortex) involving limbic and associative CSTC loops. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that bipolar treatment responsivity may be associated with significant differences in cingulum bundle connectivity in relation to CSTC loops, which may help identify a surgical target for bipolar disorder treatment via DBS in the future.

There exists a myth, reinforced in classrooms and lecture halls, that philosophy is something to be read-something confined to books, treatises, and syllogisms. But real philosophy, the kind that burns itself into the moral nerve of our species, does not require reading to be known. It simply requires being.

This paper explores the dual trajectories of scientific exploration and natural evolution. Human inquiry tends to move from the macrocosmic to the microcosmic, seeking the most fundamental constituents of matter and the laws that govern them. In contrast, nature itself unfolds in the reverse order, evolving from a singular origin point into the rich complexity of galaxies, life, and consciousness. This philosophical and scientific reflection is structured around key milestones in both trajectories. Each s...

The capacity to deceive others is a complex mental skill that requires the ability to suppress truthful information. The polygraph is widely used in countries such as the USA to detect deception. However, little is known about the effects of emotional processes (such as the fear of being found guilty despite being innocent) on the physiological responses that are used to detect lies. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and neural correlates of untruthful behavior by analyzing electrocortical indexes in response to visually presented neutral and affective questions. Affective questions included sexual, shameful or disgusting topics. A total of 296 questions that were inherently true or false were presented to 25 subjects while ERPs were recorded from 128 scalp sites. Subjects were asked to lie on half of the questions and to answer truthfully on the remaining half. Behavioral and ERP responses indicated an increased need for executive control functions, namely working memory, inhibition and task switching processes, during deceptive responses. Deceptive responses also elicited a more negative N400 over the prefrontal areas and a smaller late positivity (LP 550-750 ms) over the prefrontal and frontal areas. However, a reduction in LP amplitude was also elicited by truthful affective responses. The failure to observe a difference in LP responses across conditions likely results from emotional interference. A swLORETA inverse solution was computed on the N400 amplitude (300-400 ms) for the dishonest -honest contrast. These results showed the activation of the superior, medial, middle and inferior frontal gyri (BA9, 11, 47) and the anterior cingulate cortex during deceptive responses. Our results conclude that the N400 amplitude is a reliable neural marker of deception.

INTRODUCTION: A history of childhood trauma is an important determinant for understanding the development of psychiatric and physical disorders. The chronic inflammatory disease, psoriasis, has been reported to be affected by childhood psychological stressors. Early life stress is also a well-known contributor to major depression. The current study aims to clarify a possible association between levels and types of childhood trauma with psoriasis severity and major depression. METHOD: Sixty-four patients diagnosed with mild-to-severe psoriasis (male = 27, mean age = 52.51 ± 14.72 years and female = 37, mean age = 42.76 ± 14.45 years, age range = 21-77) were admitted to our study between April 2014 and September 2014. For the diagnosis of psoriasis, the single most recently developed lesion was examined dermoscopically and histopathologically. We evaluated the history of childhood trauma with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and diagnosis of major depression with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0 current). The participants were scanned for their severity of psoriasis with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 (PASI 75). Initially, the data were checked for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov/Shapiro-Wilk's tests, histograms, and probability plots. Because normality of the data could not be assumed, we evaluated childhood trauma subscales and psoriasis by running Kendell's tau-b correlation coefficients for bivariate comparisons. Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to assess the differences in childhood trauma severity of each subscale between two groups of depressed and nondepressed patients with psoriasis. Ultimately, we ran chi-square analysis to evaluate the association between gender and depression. RESULTS: Emotional (0.325), physical (0.614), sexual (0.963) abuse, and emotional (0.331) neglect were positively correlated with higher severity of psoriasis (p < .01). Subsequently, emotional (U = 372, p = .43), physical (U = 387, p = .049), sexual (U = 297, p = .0005) abuse, emotional (U = 299.5, p = .001), and physical U = 372, p = .031) neglect were significantly higher in psoriasis patients with depression compared to non-depressed (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study underline the relationship between childhood trauma and major depression, as well as childhood trauma and psoriasis. The increased level of emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect was linked to elevated severity of psoriasis. Likewise, all childhood trauma subtypes appeared to be more severe in the group of psoriasis patients with major depression. Investigation of childhood traumatic experiences, and major depression in individuals with psoriasis, the screening of depressed patients for psoriasis, and the cross-referencing of the outcome can be expected to provide remarkable findings, new approaches for diagnosis and treatment, as well as implications for promulgating new legislation.

The lack of adequate portrayal of the age of precarity in contemporary South Asian novels has prompted Amitav Ghosh to bring it to light in Gun Island (2019). More widespread yet less conspicuous trends of global displacement, as well as greater instability and dispersed situations of hardship and insecurity in the Anthropocene, have gained momentum as a result of neoliberal capitalism's influence on expanding discrimination throughout the globe, leading to the precarity that exists today. Neocolonial resource extraction from poor southern countries for the advantage of growing industrialised and capitalistic endeavours is a major contributor to climate change, both in terms of global warming and adverse environmental impacts. The most serious and unsettling issues of climate change-induced illegal migration and refugees underscore the fragile and uncertain social status that many members of the economically disadvantaged class or labourers around the globe now experience. The overwhelming concern for their security in situations of environmental catastrophes or the endless struggle to sustain their livelihoods in their native countries propels them to migrate, even though they may not be endorsed in foreign territories, further exacerbating their precariousness. Drawing from the discourses on precarity advocated by the writings of Anna Tsing, Dipesh Chakrabarty, etc., this paper analyses the impacts of the enforcement of neoliberal capitalistic ideology on this increasingly precarious society. It is argued that the novel is an exploration of the unconventional aspect of human vulnerability, shifting away from the typical focus on conflicts, war, and haphazard economy. Instead, it looks into how anthropogenic climate crises as well as the intricacies of neoliberal capitalism perpetuate life's insecurity. It also emphasises the heterogeneity of socially, politically, and ecologically conditioned human sufferings, their unique contexts, and their lived experiences that capture the diverse range of exploitation endured by migrant workers. This article, thus, examines Ghosh's novel through the lens of human vulnerability, drawing attention to the issue of human mobility in a highly disorganised state and their disempowerment in the transnational space as crucial to their resilience and existence in the face of the adverse conditions brought about by anthropocentric activities. Ghosh's oeuvre seems to challenge contemporary novelists' tendency towards resistance and troubled imagination in representing the climate crisis by situating it in the nexus of planetary precarity.

Objective: Cycling Without Age is a global initiative in which trained volunteers take adults living in care homes or supported housing environments out on specially designed trishaws. Despite its global success, there is limited research on the effect the initiative has on the older adults taking part. The current study therefore assessed changes in mood and wellbeing to determine whether there were short-term benefits of participation. Methods: Forty-nine older adults (69% female; 67–100 years old ( M = 84.1, SD = 7.6)) living in care homes and supported housing environments were recruited; 35 participants completed all measures and comprise the analytical sample. Participants completed the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist immediately before a ride (baseline); they repeated the measures on completion of the ride (follow-up). Participants also completed baseline and follow-up measures on a day in which they did not go on a ride. Mixed ANOV...

The Weight of Silence explores how moments of stillness—and the interplay between action and rest—shape our thoughts, memories, desires, and relationships. Drawing on philosophy, neuroscience, and statistical insights, the book guides the reader from classical reflections on leisure (Aristotle, Seneca) through modern critiques of productivity (Nietzsche, Russell, Han) into empirical findings on sleep, the Default Mode Network, and the glymphatic system. Each chapter unfolds as a lived journey—from the virtue of action and rest, through analyses of interpersonal discordance and the bittersweet nature of saudade, to final philosophical reflections on memory, imperfection, and destiny—inviting a broad audience to engage as co-explorers of the human mind.

L'objectif de ce travail est double. D'un côté, il s'agit de revisiter, presque deux décennies après sa formulation, l'une des contributions les plus importantes à la compréhension du rapport entre la littérature et l'empathie, à savoir la théorie de l'empathie narrative de Suzanne Keen. D'un autre côté, cette contribution vise à explorer l'articulation entre l'empathie et l'autothéorie. À travers l'analyse de deux textes autothéoriques, l'un appartenant à la littérature française contemporaine et l'autre aux littératures autochtones du Québec, nous mettons en évidence les stratégies déployées dans la construction de plusieurs processus empathiques. Nous montrons aussi que l'autothéorie nous permet d'élargir la catégorisation de l'empathie proposée par Keen, en y ajoutant encore une catégorie, à savoir celle de l'empathie pour soi (self-empathizing).

Responding to the urgent need for new critical frameworks in an era of systemic crises, this volume makes a compelling case for empathy as a vital epistemological tool. The collection, which gathers twenty-four international scholars, re-energizes the study of French-language arts and literatures by connecting the philosophical legacy of Husserl and Lipps to the contemporary affective turn. While essays meticulously analyze the technical construction of narrative empathy, the book’s core provocation is its powerful synthesis of empathy with theories, notions and approaches such as pragmatism, attention theory, or the concept of milieu. This innovative theoretical alignment transforms empathy from a mere feeling into a rigorous method for critical inquiry. Ultimately, this volume does not simply examine the nexus between empathy and fiction; it enacts an empathetic scholarship, offering a powerful, nuanced approach to understanding our complex contemporary world.

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