Barriers of Communication

The present paper is an attempt to investigate the different reasons and enlist various levels of difficulties of Learning English in small towns in India. Unique sound system and disparity between letters and sounds give rise to faulty listening of pronunciations and ultimately mispronounced language. This paper also identifies the factors such as diverse rules of phonetics including stress patterns, tone and different dialects that affect English language learning. In addition to this, it also tries to unearth difficulties rose due to abstrusegrammar rules, vast vocabulary, mother tongue influence, lack of linguistic exposure, lack of trained teachers, indifferent government attitude, socio-cultural and socio-economical background of the learners, lack of facility, students" strength, faulty teaching methodologies etc. At last, it also provides some workable solutions.

There is very limited literature regarding parental emotional abuse, resilience, expressive suppression, and academic procrastination across the globe, specifically in Pakistan. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to fill this gap. The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational research design and used purposive sampling to collect data from students of public and private medical colleges and universities in Pakistan. The age range for participants was set between 18 and 35, with both men and women included in the study. The results of the study revealed a positive and significant association between parental emotional abuse, expressive suppression, and academic procrastination, while these variables had a negative and significant association with resilience. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using Hayes' Process Macro, which indicated a nonsignificant mediating role of expressive suppression and a positive significant moderating role of resilience between the parental emotional abuse and the academic procrastination. The study provided effective intervention techniques for medical students to enhance their well-being.

Effective communication between Extension Field Staff (EFS) and farmers is crucial for the successful adoption of integrated crop management (ICM) practices. This study aims to identify key communication gaps in extension services affecting crop management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multistage sampling technique was used to select four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa representing different agro ecological zones. The study surveyed 378 farmers and 147 Extension Field Staff to assess the effectiveness of current extension communication strategies, barriers to information dissemination and farmers' perceptions of extension services. The findings reveal significant communication gaps that hinder the adoption of ICM practices. Access to finance and infrastructure emerged as the most significant barrier to technology adoption (Mean = 4.52), highlighting the need for improved financial support and rural infrastructure. The findings reveal significant communication gaps that hinder the adoption of ICM practices. Access to finance and infrastructure emerged as the most significant barrier to technology adoption with a mean value of 4.52, highlighting the need for improved financial support and rural infrastructure. Moreover, the results reveal that majority of the EFS were using field demonstration as a communication channel followed by workshops and training ranked 1st and 2 nd respectively. Further results indicated that limited reach of information (Mean = 4.3, SD = 0.82) has the highest impact on communication that affect the dissemination of Integrated Crop Management practices. Additionally, the study identifies differences in the priorities of farmers and extension staff. Farmers emphasized the need for more frequent visits (34.3%). In contrast, EFS prioritized additional resources and training (33.3%) these differences highlight the need for better alignment between farmers' expectations and extension service delivery. Effective communication between EFS and farmers is crucial for adopting integrated crop management. Addressing gaps in information dissemination, training and feedback can enhance knowledge transfer, improving productivity and sustainability.

Patients may suffer serious repercussions from poor communication in healthcare settings, such as a higher chance of mistakes, miscommunications, and discontent with treatment. Up to 30% of malpractice cases are related to medical errors, which are primarily caused by poor communication. The World Health Organization highlights that one of the main reasons for unfavourable incidents in healthcare is poor communication. Poor communication can lead to a breakdown in the therapeutic relationship and patient unhappiness.The aim of the research is to explore the barriers of effective communication to enhance patient safety. The qualitative phenomenological research design is utilized with a sample of 15 healthcare professionals. From varied socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds to extract in depth data. The convenient sampling technique is utilized. And in-depth data is collected through semi structured interviews.The ethical guidelines are followed as per the BERA framework.. The data is utilized through thematic analysis. The themes were created after rigorous coding and chunking.The four major themes erupted which are Environment related barriers, patient related barriers ,nurses related barriers and technological barriers. It is concluded that these barriers effect communication in hospitals It is recommended to utilize checklists for procedures, medications, administration and patient handover to minimize errors. Conduct regular team training sessions focused on communication skills.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of circumlocution techniques in reducing English communication barriers of Universitas Megarezky's students. Circumlocution technique emphasize the process of talking around or talking in circle to define the word. This research will employ a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test to reduce students' English communication barriers skills before and after the treatment. The population of the research is the students of Universitas Megarezky, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, English Department. The sample consist of 10 students of 3 rd semester. The study focuses on reducing English communication barriers through circumlocution technique to help students enhance their communication skills. The findings are expected to contribute to the improvement of students' communication skills.

This study explored the relationship between vocabulary ability and vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) among ESL learners at Negros Oriental State University, Dumaguete City. A vocabulary ability test and a 30-item Likert-scale questionnaire were used, with data analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results indicate that cognitive strategies, such as note-taking (50%) and engaging with English media (33.33%), were the most preferred. Discovery strategies, including dictionary use (56.66%) and contextual guessing (46.66%), were also widely employed. Memory strategies, such as repetition (36.66%) and word-formation mnemonics, were frequently used. Despite these preferences, statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between students' vocabulary ability and VLS (p > 0.05). This suggests that external factors, such as language exposure and motivation, influence vocabulary competence more than specific strategies. The study further underscores the need for an integrative approach to vocabulary instruction and further research on additional influences on ESL learners' lexical development.

Many graduates of Ukrainian higher educational institutions cannot interact with others in English because of numerous barriers to effective communication. The present study aims 1) to investigate the barriers to effective foreign language communication among the university students and 2) to find out some effective solutions to the problem so that both teachers and students could benefit in their objectives and outcomes regarding communication skills. The research outcomes have shown that Ukrainian university students face different issues in communication proficiency though they generally have positive attitude towards learning English. It has been found out that the participants of this study face language (vocabulary and grammar) barriers, psychological barriers (fear of making mistakes, fear of speaking in front of the class), lack of contact hours, inappropriate teaching methods, curricula and textbooks as factors that lead to the failure to effectively communicate in English. Another major factor is that many university students get confused when native speakers use different slang words, proper names, local names, food names, etc. and speak very quickly and may have different accents. The present study also attempted to highlight some strategies for coping with communication barriers such as use of appropriate teaching methods and aids, avoiding frequent error correction, practicing communication skills outside the classroom, exploiting collaborative work and authentic materials, making students aware of cultural diversity and differences as well.

Many graduates of Ukrainian higher educational institutions cannot interact with others in English because of numerous barriers to effective communication. The present study aims 1) to investigate the barriers to effective foreign language communication among the university students and 2) to find out some effective solutions to the problem so that both teachers and students could benefit in their objectives and outcomes regarding communication skills. The research outcomes have shown that Ukrainian university students face different issues in communication proficiency though they generally have positive attitude towards learning English. It has been found out that the participants of this study face language (vocabulary and grammar) barriers, psychological barriers (fear of making mistakes, fear of speaking in front of the class), lack of contact hours, inappropriate teaching methods, curricula and textbooks as factors that lead to the failure to effectively communicate in English. Another major factor is that many university students get confused when native speakers use different slang words, proper names, local names, food names, etc. and speak very quickly and may have different accents. The present study also attempted to highlight some strategies for coping with communication barriers such as use of appropriate teaching methods and aids, avoiding frequent error correction, practicing communication skills outside the classroom, exploiting collaborative work and authentic materials, making students aware of cultural diversity and differences as well.

Polish veterinarians are committed to specific behaviors. They have an obligation to actively prevent pollution of the natural environment and threats to public health. The law does not prohibit them from hunting though. Hunting birds with lead ammunition is harmful to the environment, birds and humans. In view of the above, it seems that this type of hunting should be forbidden to veterinarians. Unfortunately, Polish law makes it impossible to punish veterinary surgeons for bird hunting with lead ammunition. As hunters, veterinarians are probably aware of the harmfulness of such behavior, but they prioritize their pleasure over environmental concerns. This study examines Polish legal acts related to hunting by veterinarians and presents specific legal provisions requiring and forbidding specific behaviors of veterinarians. According to the law on the profession of the veterinary surgeon, members of this profession must not engage in bird hunting with lead ammunition. The study disc...

The legislator extended the substantive scope of the definition of the profession of midwife, using a simple legislative technique, i.e. copied the content of Article 4, Section 1 from point 1 to point 6 of the Act on the professions of nurse and midwife that contain the definition of the profession of nurse to the newly created Article 5 Section 1a of the Act. The literal meaning of this provision suggests that a person having the right to practice the profession of midwife in the event of an epidemic threat or state of an epidemic may perform activities appropriate for the profession of a nurse, although they are still to have the professional title of "midwife". If this was the legislator's intended goal, it is absolutely erroneous and inconsistent with the historical, systemic, purposeful, and functional interpretation, but also with the jurisprudence and legal doctrine, and would prove the legislator's irrationality. The law obliges employers and principals to employ medical professionals in accordance with their professional qualifications and health. Moreover, the employment of midwives in positions not corresponding to their professional qualifications and skills exposes medical entities to suffer legal liability in the future. Provision of specific health services without having the required license to practice is punishable by a fine, and if the person does so in order to gain financial benefits or is misleading as to having such a right, they are subject to a fine, restriction of liberty, or imprisonment of up to a year.

The purpose of current study is to examine the most preferred investment option among institutional investor in India and analysis the factors which impact their investment strategy in India. The study also attempts to better understand the impact of certain demographic factors such as age, area of operation, type of operation, asset under management, experience and qualification on the behaviour of institutional investor in India .A semi structured questionnaire was used to obtain a total of 30 valid responses was collected from January 2019 to March 2019. Cronbach alpha test and normality test was used to check reliability and consistency in the responses. Descriptive Analysis was done for various variables. Result was presented in the tabular form. .

Today's world is increasingly environmentally conscious and natural clothing, lifestyles are advancing. The inclination towards eco-friendly textile alternatives and the emergence of innovative fabrics is vivid. Today's growing concerns are health, sustainability of waste management and environmental awareness which is reflecting on renewed interest in plant fibers. The hunt is on for ecologically friendly fabrics. The movement toward trendy organic fashions and alternative fashion has led to the revival and revision of traditional fibers with natural and organic approaches. New fibers are being developed and are valued for their sustainable and biodegradable characteristics. Sisal fiber offers excellent market potential in terms of its eco-friendly properties as compared with other natural and man-made fibers. For these reasons enzyme treated fiber was processed separately to produce yarns that were used for making treated and untreated fabrics.

Today's world is increasingly environmentally conscious and natural clothing, lifestyles are advancing. The inclination towards eco-friendly textile alternatives and the emergence of innovative fabrics is vivid. Today's growing concerns are health, sustainability of waste management and environmental awareness which is reflecting on renewed interest in plant fibers. The hunt is on for ecologically friendly fabrics. The movement toward trendy organic fashions and alternative fashion has led to the revival and revision of traditional fibers with natural and organic approaches. New fibers are being developed and are valued for their sustainable and biodegradable characteristics. Sisal fiber offers excellent market potential in terms of its eco-friendly properties as compared with other natural and man-made fibers. For these reasons enzyme treated fiber was processed separately to produce yarns that were used for making treated and untreated fabrics.

The article describes the specificity of health communication in Poland. A qualitative analysis of the relevant literature, legislation and regulations for the education of doctors was carried out. The text identifies barriers that prevent effective doctor-patient communication: (1) legal anchoring in the paternalistic model, (2) a patient treated as a legally undefined, subordinate element of the system, (3) (still) limited education of physicians in social skills, (4) no tradition of health communication in Poland.

Miscommunication can happen due to lapses on the part of the sender, the receiver, or the channel used for communicating. There are various examples of management blunders that happen as a result of miscommunication at one level or another. Despite the best intentions from the sender and the receiver, several barriers inhibit effective exchange of information. While physical and other barriers related to language are easy to eliminate, the challenge arises when these barriers are subjective in nature and are unintentional. This caselet deals with a hazardous situation that resulted from the departmental review meetings which were done every week to take important decisions related to bidding proposals in Centre for Proposal Selection (CPS) of a company dealing with construction biddings. It highlights challenges which managers, especially those who lead the teams, have to face on an everyday basis in office.

The present study aims to
highlight the issue with a
specific reference of the
information professionals about
“English language as a barrier”
in their research productivity. It
further explores how
information professionals acknowledge the
challenges related to language barriers and to
know their training needs to learn the (four)
skills of English. The researchers proceed with
a brief history of English as a “lingua franca”
and how it turned out to be a barrier in the
path of researchers belonging to information
professionals. Survey method of quantitative
research approach is used to probe out the
issue regarding how the language can reduce
the research productivity. A structured
questionnaire was developed to conduct the
research. Through convenient sampling
technique, 357 information professionals,
librarians and LIS research students were
selected as sample and accessed to collect the
data. Only 258 (72%) valid responses were
received and considered to obtain the results.
The study found that English language is a
huge barrier for the research productivity of
the respondents. The respondents also agree
that there is positive relationship between
training to learn English language and the
research productivity. Respondents need
training for all in four skills like reading,
speaking, writing and listening. The results
also show significant difference in language as
a barrier based on gender, qualification and
type of institute. The study also reveals that
with the help of training sessions, the research
productivity can be increased. This study will
help the LIS schools to revise their syllabus as
per need of the stake holders. Professional
associations, policy makers and students can
address this issue on professional and
academic platform to overcome the language
gap and deficiencies. The present research also
put a stress to make English language as a
mandatory part of the curriculum to increase
the research productivity among information
professionals.
Keywords English language barriers, Language
issues‐information professionals, Research
productivity, LIS‐Pakistan.