Climate Justice

When children exercise their right to political participation through climate activism and litigation, they demonstrate that an ethics of care is a core component of the postpaternalist era. Children's ethics of care, however, is not only about care toward their immediate human relations, but also toward other species, the environment they live in and generations to come. They thereby develop the traditional feminist ethics of care into a childist version which takes seriously children's experiences. While children themselves-as we speak-are performing a childist ethics of care, it is not yet theoretically formulated, and that is what the present article does. To exemplify, the article analyses nine-year-old Ridhima Pandey's petition to India's National Green Tribunal. The petition both demonstrates the components of a childist ethics of care in the context of the climate crisis, and real-life challenges and hopes for children who exercise rights within adultist structures.

This article examines the strategies employed by States before the Inter-
American Court of Human Rights in the advisory proceedings on Climate Emergency and Human Rights. It focuses on the strategic framing of the advisory opinion request submitted by Chile and Colombia, on the reactions of States to the request, as well as on their attitude in
respect to two key issues, and on the potential legal effects of the advisory opinion on different aspects of the Inter-American System of Human Rights. The article concludes by reflecting on the possible implications of the Court’s pronouncement for climate-related human rights disputes,
both within the Inter-American system and beyond.

Umfangreiche mikrobiologische Untersuchungen des Hornmistpräparates zeigen eine charakteristische bakterielle Komposition und spezielle Enzymaktivitäten. Letztere haben eine Wirkung vergleichbar dem pflanzeneigenen Hormon Auxin. P500 scheint die Effizienz der Bodenbakterien zu erhöhen.

Inventories in the Greek GDP of 2024 are 4,1% while in the GDP of 2023 it was 1,05%. This is a huge variation for a country where industrial production represents 9% of the GDP. To give you an indication of its impact, if 2024 inventories remained at 1,05% like in 2023 the the Greek GSP would not show growth of 2,3% but a decline of 0,9%. These points were raised by the former minister and professor emeritus of economics, Tasos Giannitsis, triggering a furious reaction by the government and the Hellenic Statistical Authority. The article points out that Mr Giannitsi's finding requires an explanation by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (PARON 28/09/2025)

The case of Cuba offers a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamism of climate vulnerability. This paper takes a closer look at recent economic and social developments in Cuba, and how these affect patterns of vulnerability. Faced with the ongoing processes of climate change and economic globalization, Cuban households are carefully trying to sustain livelihood. Findings suggest that social networks are important as means of accessing coping strategies. Their access is on the other hand not equally distributed. Language of report: English Rapporten kan bestilles fra: CICERO Senter for klimaforskning P.

Finally, we note something remarkable about both the visionary agroecopreneurs and service providers we interviewed. Both work in holistic ways to respond to a new market and a new climate through agroecology. Agroecopreneurs are using all of their skills and leverage to both train and organize farmers to adapt traditional and new techniques and embrace diverse crop mixes, as well as organize themselves into economic units and market to consumers.

Almost a billion people live in countries that are classified as fragile and conflict-affected states (FCAS). This figure has nearly doubled in the past 20 years and is expected to rise substantially by 2030.

FCAS must grapple with complex, multidimensional and compounding risks, including climate change, political instability, economic fragility, weak governance and poor resilience. Supporting these states is an urgent global challenge.

Mali typifies these issues. Ranked 188 out of 193 countries in the 2022 Human Development Index, Mali faces protracted conflict, escalating climate vulnerabilities and chronic development deficits.

The Mopti region is an epicentre of these crises: droughts and floods have devastated livelihoods, while conflict has displaced thousands of people and disrupted social and economic systems.

This paper examines the compounding impacts of climate change, conflict and socioeconomic vulnerabilities on households in Mopti.

It analyses both economic and non-economic loss and damage using the Comprehensive Climate Impact Quantification toolkit and offers evidence-based recommendations for building resilience in fragile and conflict-affected settings.

Climate change, inefficient urban planning, deforestation, and lack of disaster preparedness have caused more susceptible and severe floods in Pakistan over the course of the last few decades. This article examines the relationship between the flood risk management and social vulnerability. It also emphasizes that floods are not purely natural disasters; instead, they are socio-political constructions of inequality and marginality. Using a qualitative research design and secondary data analysis, the researchers applied Braun and Clarke's methods along with the Pressure and Release PAR model to analyze the data collected from governmental reports, academic sources, publications from international organizations, and the media from 2018 to 2025. The floods have afflicted Pakistan in mass ways, and studies show the floods are managed in a rather reactive fashion, where the provided solutions do not focus on the population that is at utmost risk. On one hand, lack of good governance hampers efforts towards providing structural solutions such as the construction of embankments, on the other hand the learning of communities as well as participatory planning both are seldom implemented when it comes to non-structural solutions. The study proposes a paradigm shift to equity-driven, community-centred flood risk governance and recommends integrating vulnerability appraisal to comprehensive planning in order to bolster resilience and adaptive capacity.

O presente artigo analisa o papel da educação ambiental crítica na formulação de políticas públicas no Haiti, com ênfase em sua articulação com a justiça climática e os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Partindo do contexto de vulnerabilidade socioambiental haitiano, marcado por catástrofes naturais, degradação ecológica e desigualdade estrutural, a pesquisa sustenta a hipótese de que a incorporação de fundamentos da educação ambiental crítica pode fortalecer políticas públicas mais justas e transformadoras. A metodologia adotada é qualitativa, baseada em revisão bibliográfica e análise documental de fontes acadêmicas e textos legislativos. O referencial teórico se ancora nos estudos da educação ambiental crítica (Guimarães, 2004; Loureiro & Layrargues, 2013), nos debates sobre justiça climática (Santos, 2020; Acselrad, 2010) e nas diretrizes da Agenda 2030. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de políticas educativas que valorizem saberes locais, promovam a participação social e enfrentem as assimetrias históricas que agravam os impactos da crise climática no Haiti. O estudo conclui que uma política pública de educação ambiental crítica, orientada por princípios de justiça climática, pode contribuir significativamente para o fortalecimento da cidadania ecológica e para um desenvolvimento socioambiental sustentável no país.

Die Klimakatastrophe ist nicht nur eine Krise der Natur, sondern auch eine Krise der Menschenrechte, so die Physikerin
und Philosophin Friederike Otto. Denn Klimafolgen wie Ressourcenknappheit, steigende Lebenserhaltungskosten, Hitzewellen oder Flutkatastrophen treffen einige, besonders vulnerable gesellschaftliche Gruppen härter als andere. Dies sind vor allem Gruppen, die meist weniger bis gar nicht zum Klimawandel beigetragen haben und sich zugleich weniger gut vor ihm schützen können. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Extraktivismus, Umweltgewalt und Klimagerechtigkeit.

At their 27th Conference of the Parties (COP 27) at Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2022, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed to establish multilateral funding arrangements, including a fund, to address losses and damages arising from climate change in developing countries. They operationalized these arrangements and activated the fund at COP 28 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in 2023. We ask what these new funding arrangements should aim to achieve. Developed with qualitative and legal methods, the thesis is that the new funding arrangements should deliver compensation in a manner that is inclusive of particularly vulnerable countries and communities. We make two new, original contributions. First, we construct a conceptual framework for thinking about and guiding action on “loss and damage justice.” Second, to guide the implementation of this framework, we propose a complementary arrangement with two components: a Loss and Damage Fund Expert Body, and dedicated funding for the participation of developing countries in negotiations impacting the L&D Fund.

Climate change is increasingly recognized as both an environmental and psychological challenge. In South Asia, and especially in Bangladesh, young people are among the most vulnerable to its impacts. Recurring floods, river erosion, displacement, and livelihood insecurity have contributed to rising levels of climate-related anxiety, hopelessness, and ecological grief. This paper examines climate anxiety among South Asian youth using ecological systems theory, resilience theory, and eco-psychology as guiding frameworks. Drawing on recent studies and international evidence, it highlights the psychological symptoms most often reported, including persistent worry, loss of agency, and depression. The discussion emphasizes regional vulnerabilities such as poverty, gender disparities, and limited access to mental health care. It also considers the role of education, media, and policy responses in shaping young people's experiences of climate distress. Examples of school programs, community resilience efforts, and emerging policy initiatives are reviewed to identify promising strategies of support. The paper concludes with research gaps and recommendations for culturally sensitive, long-term interventions. Addressing climate anxiety among South Asian youth is presented as both a mental health priority and a critical component of sustainable development.

This document presents a fundamental critique of the greenhouse effect theory, based on what is termed the "Radiative Illusion": the conceptual confusion between infrared radiation and heat. Through a simple empirical experiment-the "Mirror Experiment"-it is demonstrated that the infrared radiation detected by devices such as thermal cameras is not equivalent to an object's temperature. A mirror, which reflects radiation from a hot source (like a stove), appears "hot" on the thermal camera, while a contact thermometer confirms its actual temperature is ambient. This result proves that infrared radiation is an electromagnetic signal (photons) that can be correlated with the emitter's temperature, but is not heat or temperature itself.

This paper explores the unstable, paradoxical, and global phenomenon of “revolutionary cultural action” in the United States and its worldwide reverberations. Beginning with Paulo Freire’s pedagogy of liberation, the analysis moves through the Frankfurt School’s suspicion of culture, post-structuralist insistence on différance, and the lived praxis of grassroots movements such as Black Lives Matter, climate justice, LGBTQIA+ struggles, disability activism, and feminist mobilizations. It situates American “culture wars” not as national skirmishes but as global circulations, hybridizations, and appropriations, amplified and distorted by memes, hashtags, and algorithmic infrastructures. Drawing on case studies from Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia, the paper demonstrates that revolutionary cultural action is never stable: it is emancipatory and co-optable, dialogical and commodified, local and transnational. The argument culminates in the recognition that the incoherence of revolutionary cultural action is not its weakness but its generative power. In a postmodern world, where culture is weapon and terrain, revolutionary cultural action emerges as a perpetual practice of resistance, re-signification, and renewal.

Keywords: Revolutionary cultural action; Paulo Freire; Liberation theology; Frankfurt School; Culture industry; Post-structuralism; Différance; Michel Foucault; Jacques Derrida; Black Lives Matter; Climate justice; LGBTQIA+ struggles; Disability justice; Feminist movements; Anti-gender ideology; Global circulation; Memes; TikTok; Algorithms; postmodern incompleteness.

Milieuschade door emissies van schadelijke stoffen naar bodem, water en lucht veroorzaakt een direct welvaartsverlies voor de huidige generatie. Het gaat dan om allerlei vormen van schade, zoals verlies aan biodiversiteit, verlies aan productiviteit in de landbouw en gezondheidsschade voor de mens. Ondanks het milieubeleid van de afgelopen vijftig jaar doen zich nog steeds enkele hardnekkige milieuproblemen voor. Denk aan de opwarming van de aarde als gevolg van de uitstoot van broeikasgassen en luchtverontreiniging. Om de waarde van de milieuschade in geld te kunnen uitdrukken dient idealiter van elke relevante emissie naar lucht, water of bodem de milieuschade te worden bepaald, evenals het in geld uitgedrukte welvaartsverlies dat door deze schade wordt veroorzaakt. In deze studie wordt hiertoe informatie over de fysieke emissies, zoals jaarlijks gerapporteerd in de Emissieregistratie (RIVM 2017), gecombineerd met informatie over de milieuprijzen uit het Handboek Milieuprijzen (CE Delft 2017a). Elke milieuprijs geeft de monetaire waarde van de schade die het gevolg is van de emissie van één extra kilogram van de betreffende stof.

De studie 'Monetaire milieuschade in Nederland' berekent de totale monetaire milieuschade als gevolg van de uitstoot van schadelijke stoffen in Nederland in 2015. De onderzoekers berekenden dat door de uitstoot van schadelijke stoffen naar bodem, water en lucht de milieuschade jaarlijks € 31 miljard bedraagt. Dit welvaartsverlies voor de Nederlandse samenleving staat gelijk aan 4,5% van het bruto binnenlands product (bbp).

level rise is similar under different emission scenarios 1, (Fig. ). In the second half of this century and beyond, projections of sea-level change increasingly diverge 1, . As we approach this mid-century mark, we should have a better understanding of the emissions and sea-level trajectories that the world will follow for the remainder of the twenty-first century and beyond, and thus be in a better position to account for adaptation interventions and migration in that more distant future (Fig. ). In all cases, representing the feedbacks of policy, population and sea level will be imperative as we build comprehensive models capable of guiding policy. These refinements hinge on the convergence of international organizations, governments, advocacy groups and scholars of various disciplines working to deliver timely and purpose-specific information on coastal risk, adaptation policy and evolving migration dynamics.

alrededor del santuario, mientras los miembros de la comunidad campesina, donde se ubica el santuario, son quienes han obtenido estas concesiones y desean explotarlas. Este conflicto desestabiliza la narrativa según la cual los conflictos mineros están articulados por una sociedad local opuesta a la minería y un estado pro-minero que la impone, mostrando que el conflicto que enfrenta a organizaciones de la sociedad civil local y regional involucra a distintas instituciones del Estado alineadas con intereses distintos y situadas en bandos opuestos. PALABRAS CLAVE: cordillera de los Andes • conflicto • Estado • minería • Perú • patrimonio cultural • recursos naturales (Thesaurus)

There is an urgent need for coordinated international action to curb global emissions, and reducing deforestation is key in this effort. Tropical primary forests like the Amazon are critical to the regulation and functioning of Earth’s climate; they are a significant source of
carbon emissions when destroyed and are also important sinks, containing more than 100 billion metric tons of carbon (Phillips et al. 2017). We are rapidly approaching the 20% threshold of Amazon rainforest loss that climate models predict will trigger irreversible ecosystem decline and push the planet to a climatic tipping point (Science Panel for the Amazon 2021; IPCC 2022). These forests are increasingly threatened by commercial and extractive activities, with Indigenous territories often serving as holdouts of forest protection (Walker et al. 2020). A growing body of evidence shows the importance of formally securing Indigenous land rights and Indigenous territorial self-determination for climate
change mitigation and tropical forest conservation (IPCC 2022; Pacheco and Meyer 2022). However, the importance of Indigenous Peoples in the protection of the Amazon is not reflected in the design of international climate policy and climate change mitigation strategies. This paper analyzes climate mitigation efforts through the lens of climate justice with a focus on Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon and puts forth a set of twelve principles toward a more just approach to combating deforestation in the Amazon.

This paper examines the intersection of gender, race, and environmental activism through the lens of ecofeminism, a framework that addresses the interconnectedness of social, gender, and environmental inequalities. Ecofeminism emphasizes how environmental degradation disproportionately affects marginalized communities, particularly women of color, and explores the ways in which gender and racial dynamics shape individuals' experiences with environmental issues. By exploring case studies of environmental justice movements led by women from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds, this research aims to understand the ways in which ecofeminist activism contributes to a more inclusive and just approach to environmental protection.

As the impacts of climate change increase, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in particular shall face increasingly significant adaptation challenges. Past climate adaptation efforts within SIDS have had limited success. As such, the purpose of this systematic literature review has been to identify areas of importance for facilitating climate adaptation, particularly within Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and more specifically, to assess the extent to which participatory justice within decision-making processes is recognised as an important component of climate adaptation through the lens of water management. This review process utilised the SPIDER tool to guide the literature search across SCOPUS, Web of Science and EBSCO host databases, generating 495 publications that were reduced to a total of 70 sources guided by PRISMA, informing the review's results and discussion. Thematic analysis of the selected studies was applied, utilising the Values-Rules-Knowledge framework. Through this analysis, five principles were created and comprise the major conclusions of this review: (1) ensuring community engagement, (2) expanding available options through local experimentation, (3) ensuring that monitoring and evaluation of adaptation initiatives are taken seriously, (4) adopting decision-making mechanisms that are systems-oriented and inclusive, and (5) investing only if there is a long-term commitment to protecting SIDS. It is hoped that these principles can serve as a comprehensive guide for funding agencies, applied projects and research aiding climate adaptation within SIDS.

This paper discusses Indigenous methods for educating Native American and other Indigenous students about local and regional environmental changes. During the summers of 2023 and 2024, sixteen interns were recruited under the NSF CoPe 2103843 grant to study coastal climate impacts at two sites. Using Indigenous pedagogy, students combined classroom learning with fieldwork in Hawaii and Alaska. Interns interacted directly through conversations with Indigenous communities and interactions with changing landscapes. Results indicate that place-based education, guided by local inhabitants and the environment, is effective for teaching Indigenous youth about climate change and environmental variability, emphasizing integrating local knowledge and the natural environment, mixed with Western mainstream methods. This method of teaching and learning supports convergence science and professional development opportunities.

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) articulates children’s rights to be heard and to participate in decisions that affect them. In spite of widespread ratification of the CRC, and the recognition of youth as a major stakeholder group with the right to participate in conversations related to climate change, children have not been adequately included in climate change decision-making at a global level, and attempts to facilitate their participation have rarely been more than tokenistic. This paper looks at this issue and pleads for better inclusion of children in conversations and decision-making on climate change.

This article uses 60 in-depth interviews with young Spanish people and contributes to studies on youth geographies of future in post-pandemic. The paper gives young people a voice by analysing two interlinked concepts: (l) the "snowflake generation"-"generación de cristal"-which was popularized in Spain as a fragile and insecure generation and consequently exhibiting a lack of tolerance and frustration in the face of unachieved goals; and (2) "agents of change", included on broader perspectives of youth activism, meaning a generation motivated by the desire to construct a regenerated post-pandemic society. My hypothesis is that the fragility of the younger generation after the pandemic has transformed over time into an aspiration and motivation to become agents of social change. The findings highlight that young people are using their technological knowledge and resilience to overcome fragility, participating and demanding recognition of their criticisms and perceptions of injustice. The conclusions offer a better understanding of young people and their capacity to be responsible and innovative, converting weakness into strength. They show the need to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of younger perspectives in relation to how they want to change and make a greater contribution to future society.

The report is compiled from three datasets: a protest survey of participants in each of these two XR actions, with 303 short face to face interviews and 232 mailed back questionnaires in total; observational analysis of court hearings of XR activists charged with minor public order offences following the April 2019 action, totalling a further 213 activists; and data from a previous survey of participants in two climate change marches 2009/10, which we use as a benchmark for interpreting our XR survey. | By the time of the London October 2019 protest, XR was able to rely on a core of participants who had previously been engaged to a considerable degree in the movement, ranging from involvement in local group activities to previous arrests. | In only two of the 144 court cases we observed relating to arrests during the April 2019 protest, did protesters have any previous convictions for protest action. However, our survey showed that 12.4% of the participants in the October 2019 protests had previously been arrested for protest. | Although most XR protesters participated with a group, a higher proportion reported participating alone than is usual for mass protests. | XR activists are heavily involved in institutional politics as well as protest. They are much more likely to vote and be members of political parties than the general population, but they are also sceptical about the ability of political parties and government to deliver effective solutions to environmental problems. | XR is a movement of the green left: its activists are primarily supporters of the Green Party, although more of them voted for the Labour Party in 2017 than any other party. We found almost no support among XR activists for the Conservative Party, and very little for the Liberal Democrats. | Frustration, worry, and anger are the most prevalent emotions for XR protesters when asked how they feel about climate change, followed by anxiety and fear. In contrast, powerlessness and hopelessness are the least felt emotions. | XR protesters have a strong sense of public agency, and do not believe that we can rely on companies and the market, governments, or lifestyle changes by individuals to solve the climate crisis. | Three motivations are shared by almost all XR protesters-raising awareness of the climate emergency (99%); pressuring politicians to act (99.5%); and acting out of a sense of civic duty and moral responsibility (95.8%). XR activists are much more likely to state that they are motivated to act out of solidarity than out of self-interest. | XR's radicalism is underpinned by a strong intergenerational commitment, and driven by a moral obligation to act (for example, see Sian Vaughan's afterword).

There is abundant evidence of increasing public concern about climate change, but so far relatively little participation in demonstrations on the issue, certainly by comparison with the global justice and anti-war demonstrations of recent years. In order better to understand who does demonstrate against climate change, in November 2006 we surveyed 674 participants (and interviewed 256) in the I Count / Stop Climate Chaos march and rally in London. We then compared the results with those of a similar survey we administered to 563 participants in the July 2005 Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh (where we also interviewed 493). We discuss the similarities and differences between the patterns of participation, the overlap between participants in the global justice and climate change demonstrations, and the network links among the organisations and social movement sectors involved in each.

20th century developments in information, transportation, communication, and logistical technologies enabled a scalable mode of governance. The veneer of universality and objectivity associated with scalability “create[d] a factual blueprint, a map of the world. Yet, that blueprint is not the world,” (Cajete).

This dissertation concerns scale, epistemology, climate politics, and knowledge production. It calls into question the ‘detached’ and ‘objective view’ that shapes high-level climate policy.

In analysing the terrain of metric objectivity and carbon-centric climate policy, my aim is to mark it as historically contingent, disrupt its ‘neutral’ veneers, and thus reassess its relevance or use. In calling into question the monocultural politics that govern climate action, I hope to complicate hegemonic climate knowledges, turning an eye to the power relations that produced them and who benefits and suffers as a result. This work highlights one facet of the relationship between imperialism and the climate crisis.

In 2021 and 2023, A-level students from Bristol's state schools participated in a series of Mock COP events designed to mimic the international climate negotiations held by the UN. The Mock COP is a semi-structured role-play which creates a situation-based and learner-centred environment for appreciating the complexities of international climate negotiations. This approach has proven to be engaging and energising for young people, both as a pedagogical tool and as a motivation for climate action. We encourage local decision-makers, educational institutions and universities to invest in similar role-play events as a form of civic education and engagement.

The Paris agreement aims at strengthening how the global community has responded to the change in climate by forming international government bodies that would be committed to reducing emissions to the environment. The lack of sanctions and binding targets in the Paris agreement has made its implementation difficult because countries live in an anarchical scenario where there is no overarching body. The agreement was drafted in November 2015 and signed on 22nd April 2016 by 196 countries but since then the success of the agreement has been in question. Generally, the treaty aims at controlling climate change and this is one of the areas that has been so difficult to control. Climate change is a tricky area to tackle because the developed countries are high pollutants because of the industries. The developed countries are mostly the ones who drive the agenda of the Paris treaty because they have the force and resources to do so. They influence policies and the decisions made. Therefore, the lack of sanctions and binding targets makes the treaty difficult to implement because there are no punishments as such. International treaties are difficult to implement especially when there are no sanctions or binding targets. As an example of international treaty governed by international law, it means that the treaty has loopholes that can be targeted by member states not to comply when the provision does not favour them. This paper critically analyzes how international law can deal with the lack of sanctions and binding targets in the Paris agreement as it operates in the international arena.

This article introduces Deep Listening, a novel transdisciplinary research agenda and framework for collaborative climate adaptation. It argues for the urgency to develop a communication approach in understanding how frontline communities interact with mediating institutions. Deep Listening is presented in five components: 1) knowledge sharing (mutually agreed upon protocols for data production and use); 2) holding space (co-creating spaces where institutional actors and communities can exchange, learn from each other and discuss); 3) the production and sharing of climate imaginaries (where local or Indigenous knowledge and community values are respected); 4) sensemaking with a diversity of perspectives and scientific data; and 5) evaluation and monitoring support to assure accountability and to assess quality of information. Based on a literature review of adaptation studies, the case is made that the Deep Listening approach can enhance the sense of procedural justice and mitigate maladaptive outcomes.

Pending measures to mitigate carbon production, coupled with the EPA’s recent decision to hold and review 79 permits for surface mining casts a shadow over the primary jobs provider in the Central Appalachian region: the coal industry. Local and state governments are reliant on the severance taxes generated by coal extraction, and minable coal will likely be restricted by
both of these federal decisions. The communities that will suffer the most from current and pending environmental policies are those that are most dependent on the coal industry for their survival. Thus the JOBS Project seeks a just transition for Central Appalachia that recognizes the sacrifices made
by coal miners for the past 150 years and that prepares them for America’s energy future.

Questo Rapporto offre una valutazione della Assemblea Cittadina per il clima di  Milano. La democrazia deliberativa rappresenta una innovazione democratica capace di rispondere alla crisi di legittimazione della rappresentanza e di rivitalizzare la forma di governo democratica. Le assemblee cittadine rappresentano la concretizzazione più avanzata della teoria e prassi della partecipazione deliberativa.

Questo Rapporto offre una valutazione della Assemblea
Cittadina per il clima di Bologna (AC), attivata nel 2023 dal Comune di Bologna. 100 cittadine e cittadini (80 residenti, 10 utenti del  trasporto pubblico extra-urbano/metropolitano e 10  studenti universitari fuori sede) sono stati selezionati per  prendere parte all’AC. L’Assemblea si è sviluppata in nove incontri nel periodo  giugno-novembre del 2023.
La democrazia deliberativa rappresenta  una innovazione democratica capace di rispondere alla  crisi di legittimazione della rappresentanza e di rivitalizzare  la forma di governo democratica. Le assemblee cittadine rappresentano la concretizzazione  più avanzata della teoria e prassi della partecipazione deliberativa.

Purpose: The current study compares global climate change policy to Pakistan's national climate policy in order to investigate global and national priorities in the context of carbon emission, air pollution, gender and smog under the adaptive management model. Methodology: The United Nations Climate Change Policy Papers and Pakistan's most current Climate Change Policy 2021, were analyzed in this work utilizing keyword search methods for contextualization in the qualitative data analysis program NVivo 11. Findings: The findings show that Pakistan's climate change strategy is highly similar to global climate change policy in terms of carbon emissions, a little less so in terms of gender, but not in terms of air pollution. It is concerning that smog, a serious problem in Pakistan, is not on the agenda of global climate change policy. Unique Contribution of theory, practice and policy: Through adaptive management, the research identifies specific gaps where national policies diverge from global priorities. For instance, the model helps to highlight the lack of emphasis on smog in global policies, a critical issue for Pakistan, thereby suggesting areas for improvement and alignment. The study suggests that the Pakistani government should make efforts to address this issue on a worldwide scale in order to solve the problem.

This research explores the global academic knowledge production on climate justice by analyzing co-occurrence patterns and sentiment orientations in Scopus-indexed literature. Using a dual approach-leixmetric and sentimentomic analysis-the research analyses the co-occurrence relations between justice terms-action, inequality, injustice, mitigation, and right-with policy-governance words such as change, policy, responsibility, and response. The analysis reveals a dominant framing of climate justice molded around rights and action, demonstrating a normative basis on moral obligation and intergenerational equity. Conversely, we find terms such as inequality and injustice being less recurrent and lowly polarized with sentiment, thus seemingly existing more in the realm outside of direct policy discourse, although their consequences are indeed critical. A sentiment analysis of 38 key academic texts (totaling 5664 sentiment-coded segments) reveals an overwhelming technocratic optimism, with 46.6% of texts being positive, 34.6% neutral, and 18.8% negative. Among academic texts, those with the highest positive scores promote the most transformational, equity-based solutions, while those with strong negative sentiments level critiques of policy failures and structural injustices. Words such as "emission" and "mitigation" tend to move the sentiment towards neutrality or positivity, promoting a pragmatic, solution-based discourse, whereas the appearances of "injustice" and "inequality" tilt the scale towards constructive tones rather than alarmist politics. The present study arrives at the conclusion that within the climate justice literature, evolution is taking place along two overlapping framing perspectives: a technocratic optimism that looks at mitigation strategies and policy and a moral imperative stressing rights, equity, and global responsibility. By linking sentimentomics with cooccurrence metrics, this research shall contribute toward deeper insight into how global academic narratives shape the climate justice agenda, revealing an undercurrent of tensions between governance-driven pragmatism and ethically based advocacy.

Este artículo analiza la efectividad normativa en la emergencia climática, entendida como la capacidad del marco jurídico para convertir objetivos y fines en resultados concretos que protejan simultáneamente la naturaleza y los derechos humanos. A partir de la Opinión Consultiva OC-32/25 de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y de estándares internacionales, se revisan herramientas y criterios para medir cumplimiento normativo y detectar vacíos legales. Se concluye que solo mediante procesos participativos, supervisión rigurosa y sanciones disuasorias, alineados con compromisos internacionales, podrá alcanzarse una gobernanza ambiental efectiva e intergeneracional.

Children and youth have been engaging extensively in climate action around the world. They have been doing this by protesting in the streets, talking with governments, and most recently by taking climate litigation against governments and companies. In this Article, these climate cases are considered from a children's rights perspective. Using the Youth Climate Justice database, fifty cases are analyzed to consider two aspects of climate litigation-the children's rights involved in the case, and the significance of the outcomes of the cases. It is concluded that climate cases are a new form of child participation in society, and that child participation has moved from (1) being something primarily aimed at benefitting children to (2) a phenomenon that can benefit the human rights of all.

Este artigo examina como a mudança climática e a entrada no Antropoceno desafiam os fundamentos da teoria política contemporânea. A partir do diagnóstico de que a estabilidade climática do Holoceno vem sendo corroída pela ação humana, argumenta-se que ideias como liberdade, democracia e progresso precisam ser repensadas à luz dos limites planetários. Dialogando com Crutzen, Charbonnier, Vanderheiden e Dryzek, o texto: (i) identifica a raiz produtivista do Antropoceno e seus efeitos sobre a teorização política; (ii) mapeia conflitos distributivos domésticos e globais-justiça ambiental, justiça climática e transição energética justa-, evidenciando assimetrias de responsabilidade e vulnerabilidade; e (iii) analisa os méritos e limites do modelo da "tragédia dos comuns" como chave interpretativa da crise climática. Conclui que uma teoria política adequada ao nosso tempo deve reconhecer a interdependência entre sistemas humanos e naturais, incorporar perspectivas global e intergeracional de justiça e oferecer critérios normativos capazes de orientar respostas coletivas sem reproduzir desigualdades históricas.