Language Preference

Young Urdu speakers in Karachi use language extensively in all aspects of their lives, including social media, school, and home. Urdu, which is used as both the national language of Pakistan and a regional language in Karachi, faces difficulties due to the city's great cultural diversity as well as the expanding impact of English and other languages. The goal of this research project is to understand how young people's language choices are influenced by variables such as socioeconomic status and educational background. To obtain primary data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 participants, including Government University Students, Private University Students, Government College Students, Private College Students, and Office Professionals. Purposive sampling is used to choose people with different backgrounds and levels of education. For a thorough examination, the interviews are transcribed and thematic analysis is applied to find patterns and themes that demonstrate how language preferences change depending on the situation and reflect social and personal factors.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that hinder effective implementation of special needs education policies and management in Port-Harcourt. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the correlation between inadequate funding and implementation special needs education policies and management. It was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between inadequate funding and implementation of special needs education policies and management. Data were collected via structured questionnaire issued to 120 special education stakeholders which represents 94.1 percent of the population. The data were analyzed, and hypothesis tested using appropriate statistical tests including Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result revealed that inadequate funding had a mean of 13.73 and SD of 4.56 while implementation of special needs education policies and management had a mean of 12.32 and SD of 5.11. We further found that at pvalue of 0.002 and r = 0.49 inadequate funding was significantly related with implementation of special needs education policies and management. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected with an affirmation that inadequate funding of education was a barrier to implementation of special needs education policies and management. The more there is lack of fund provision, the greater barrier it poses to the implementation of special needs education policies and management. The result concluded that adequate funding is very vital to implementing special needs education policies and management. The study recommended that Government, NGOs and individuals with philanthropic mindset should redirect their attention to providing the required funding that ensures cost-effective special needs education for children with disabilities.

In the present study the investigator attempted to find out the secondary students' attitude towards online education in West Bengal. 240 secondary school students were taken as a representative sample of the whole population. For selecting higher secondary students as a sample, the purposive sampling method was adopted. The investigator has adopted the survey research method for this study. A self-made attitude scale consists of 40 items was developed and used for collecting the data. For analyzing and interpreting the data the investigator used to mean, S.D, t-test. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in attitude between male and female students towards online education. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference in attitude towards online education concerning their locality and stream of study.

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) refers to the essential capabilities embodying knowledge, skills and attitude that permits people to actively participate with media and other information providers effectively and enhance skills in critical thinking and lifelong-learning to socialize and participate in various societal activities. The research determined the level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College. Using the Iranian Media and Information Literacy Questionnaire (IMILQ), a descriptive survey research was used in the collection of data. Out of 289 Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College, only 168 students were taken as a sample and were further grouped according to gender and career strand. Sampling method was categorized random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the mean level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College students was 3.01 (interpreted as Good, and is higher than average). The highest mean was learning new subjects with 3.25 and the lowest mean was the use of Boolean operations in the research with 2.54. There was a significant mean difference in the levels of media and information literacy when participants were grouped according to career strand. The results showed that the students (especially from the Technical Vocational Livelihood track-Information and Communication Technology) did not have enough skills in starting the research, finding references and other media and other information resources, defining the research subject as well as the use of Boolean operations in the search. Generally, students, librarians and education practitioners should pay special attention to factors affecting in improving Media and Information Literacy level of students as a main capability in using printed and electronic resources for research and for other academic purpose.

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) refers to the essential capabilities embodying knowledge, skills and attitude that permits people to actively participate with media and other information providers effectively and enhance skills in critical thinking and lifelong-learning to socialize and participate in various societal activities. The research determined the level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College. Using the Iranian Media and Information Literacy Questionnaire (IMILQ), a descriptive survey research was used in the collection of data. Out of 289 Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College, only 168 students were taken as a sample and were further grouped according to gender and career strand. Sampling method was categorized random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the mean level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College students was 3.01 (interpreted as Good, and is higher than average). The highest mean was learning new subjects with 3.25 and the lowest mean was the use of Boolean operations in the research with 2.54. There was a significant mean difference in the levels of media and information literacy when participants were grouped according to career strand. The results showed that the students (especially from the Technical Vocational Livelihood track-Information and Communication Technology) did not have enough skills in starting the research, finding references and other media and other information resources, defining the research subject as well as the use of Boolean operations in the search. Generally, students, librarians and education practitioners should pay special attention to factors affecting in improving Media and Information Literacy level of students as a main capability in using printed and electronic resources for research and for other academic purpose.

The College of Science has been awarded the AACCUP Level II status and is scheduled for a visit for the Level III accreditation. To meet the requirements for the area on extension, an assessment of the training needs of secondary school teachers in Mondragon, Northern Samar was conducted to guide the College of Science for its effective training program for teachers. The respondents were the public and private secondary school teachers in Mondragon, Northern Samar. The needs assessment questionnaire from OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) was adopted, with few revisions to fit the respondents' characteristics. A Likert-type scale was used to determine the degree of impact in the participation for each area, and to classify the level of expressed needs of the respondents. Frequency counts, ranking, means and weighted means were utilized as statistical treatment tools to determine and describe the level of needs. This TNA provides a justification for the College of Science's extension program in the different secondary schools in Mondragon, Northern Samar focusing on the following: (1) Skills development: ICT skills for teaching, student discipline and student counselling, school management and administration; classroom management; student assessment practices; teaching in a multicultural setting; instructional practices in subject field/s, and teaching students with special learning needs. (2) Content knowledge on the following subject field/s:

Writing scientific and academic books, articles, and delivering lectures on various scientific topics are among the effective ways of communicating knowledge and information to audiences and learners. Therefore, it is worth noting that researchers, scholars, and teachers in various fields of research should adopt a writing or lecturing style that effectively and successfully communicates information to the audience, enabling them to easily benefit from learning new content and information. Priority should be given to using scientific language, which is plain, direct in interpretation, and has logical structures and order that utilize words in their true meaning, guiding the audience directly to the intended meaning.
However, some authors, researchers, and speakers opt for a sublime and glorious style of presentation, aiming to deliver eloquent speech or writing. Despite this, they should consider that the primary and crucial goal of presenting scientific content is to convey it properly and explicitly to the audience. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to differences such as gender, education, and field of study among their audience when choosing their presentation style. Each variable affects people's preferences for learning. For example, studies in applied linguistics have shown that gender differences play a role in the use of language tools, with men and women differing in their use of lexical items. Additionally, individuals' level of education and their expertise and specialization shape the way they use lexical items or grammatical structures. If the audience is trained according to their preferences in receiving and processing information, they will achieve better academic results.
Due to these differences among learners, the education system needs to consider learners' learning styles and emotions, as they are essential factors in the field of education. Emotions not only affect students' preparation and motivation to deal with problems but also their efforts and the strategies they use to understand the course content. In this regard, utilizing the emo-sensory style (involving the senses and evoking emotions) and engaging different senses of students in the process of grasping information can be beneficial.
Given the importance of considering audience differences and their needs when selecting the writing and speaking style of authors and speakers, the present study aims to examine the language preferences of students of different genders, various levels of education, and fields of study. This analysis is conducted using a new measure that examines sublime, emo-sensory, and simple styles. The paper seeks to answer the question of whether gender, level of education, and field of study significantly influence learners' preferences regarding these styles.

Anxiety is something we all experience from time to time. Most people can relate to feeling tense, uncertain and, perhaps, fearful at the thought of sitting an exam, going into hospital, attending an interview or starting a new job. Students may worry about feeling uncomfortable, appearing foolish or how successful they will be. In turn, these worries can affect students sleep, appetite and ability to concentrate. If everything goes well, the anxiety will go away. This type of short term anxiety can be useful. Feeling nervous before an exam can make us feel more alert, and enhance our performance. The main aim of the study was to assess and compare the level of anxiety among unsuccessful students before and after supplementary examination. The non experimental research approach was adopted for the study with descriptive and comparative design. 115 students were selected by using convenience sampling technique. The tool developed and used for data collection were structured questionn...

English has attained vast priority in many parts of the world due to the dominance of English men in prosperity. They have entered many countries across the globe to promote their trading business, which led them to conquer those regions; even India is not lapsed in their mission. Some centuries ago they penetrated India for trading purpose and slowly captured the governance with all their deployment, among all the purpose the invade India, one of their greatest mission in India is to promote education, which had made the Indians to realize their slavery, thus led Indians to claim for Independence, which was finally granted after all the struggle. When the British left India they left many things over here, one of the greatest asset they left here is there language, which has attained to its own standards here known as Indian English. Whatever the level of notch we attain in that language still it is our second language, since the prevail of Indian languages still in exist. Despite ...

The influence of advertising language on the readers’ emotion is pertinent in sustaining customer loyalty and long-term relationships. This study is a contrastive analysis of Chinese New Year seasonal greetings on English and Chinese print advertisements that identifies the language preference and its impact on the emotional affect of Chinese undergraduates. The quantitative study was carried out amongst 63 university students based on a questionnaire constructed on the PANAS-X Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The Basic Positive Emotion Scales (PANAS-X Manual) components identified in this study are Joviality, Self-Assurance and Attentiveness that covered several sub-components of affects. The overall scale for the three adverts in the English and Chinese adverts showed that the English adverts recorded a lower scale of the emotional affect compared to the Chinese adverts. Among the three different emotional affects too, the Attentiveness component recorded a hi...

The influence of advertising language on the readers’ emotion is pertinent in sustaining customer loyalty and long-term relationships. This study is a contrastive analysis of Chinese New Year seasonal greetings on English and Chinese print advertisements that identifies the language preference and its impact on the emotional affect of Chinese undergraduates. The quantitative study was carried out amongst 63 university students based on a questionnaire constructed on the PANAS-X Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The Basic Positive Emotion Scales (PANAS-X Manual) components identified in this study are Joviality, Self-Assurance and Attentiveness that covered several sub-components of affects. The overall scale for the three adverts in the English and Chinese adverts showed that the English adverts recorded a lower scale of the emotional affect compared to the Chinese adverts. Among the three different emotional affects too, the Attentiveness component recorded a hi...

The influence of advertising language on the readers’ emotion is pertinent in sustaining customer loyalty and long-term relationships. This study is a contrastive analysis of Chinese New Year seasonal greetings on English and Chinese print advertisements that identifies the language preference and its impact on the emotional affect of Chinese undergraduates. The quantitative study was carried out amongst 63 university students based on a questionnaire constructed on the PANAS-X Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The Basic Positive Emotion Scales (PANAS-X Manual) components identified in this study are Joviality, Self-Assurance and Attentiveness that covered several sub-components of affects. The overall scale for the three adverts in the English and Chinese adverts showed that the English adverts recorded a lower scale of the emotional affect compared to the Chinese adverts. Among the three different emotional affects too, the Attentiveness component recorded a hi...

Esta pequeña exploración tuvo como objetivo analizar los comportamientos de uso comunicativo-lingüístico(s) de informantes que en dos contextos completamente independientes podrían usar de forma premeditada un tratamiento de «tú», a priori menos formal, y un tratamiento de «usted», en principio, más formal, para la interpretación de lenguas en sus técnicas y modalidades (como las define Collados, 2001). Las hipótesis que se sometieron bajo tratamiento fueron las siguientes: -los interlocutores se tratan de «tú» en las entrevistas de menor grado de formalidad- y -los interlocutores se tratan de «usted» en las entrevistas de mayor grado de formalidad-. A través del análisis de diversas entrevistas en el par de lenguas español y alemán que se pueden enmarcar, a grosso modo, en los contextos interaccional-comunicativos «deporte» y «actuación», se ha podido detectar en contextos completamente independientes, diversos y separados si las hipótesis de partida se cumplen (o no). Los hallazgos confirieron solidez a una conclusion inesperada.

Que no se pueda hablar hasta el momento de la existencia de una regla universal para el uso de un trato de «tú» o de un trato de «usted» en contextos de política de la Unión Europea que, además, sea válida para todo tipo de situaciones comunicativo-interaccionales en el contexto alemanohispanoparlante, no sorprende. Mediante un diseño metodológico integrado, mixto y polivalente, esta pequeña exploración tuvo como objetivo aproximarse a una potencial respuesta a preguntas de la siguiente naturaleza: ¿se han llevado acabo estudios sobre cortesía lingüística dentro del contexto antecitado aplicado a la interpretación bilateral? ¿Cómo se define cortesía lingüística en general y, cuál podría ser una aproximación a una delimitación en el contexto objeto de estudio? ¿Albergan relevancia las formas de tratamiento en interpretación bilateral? ¿Existe una distinción, no solo lingüística, entre el trato de «tú» alemán y el trato de «tú» español? ¿Existe una distinción potencialmente contextual, no solo puramente lingüística, entre el trato de «usted» alemán y el trato de «usted» español? ¿El trato de «usted» siempre es formal y el trato de «tú» nunca lo es?

This survey research investigated the perception of primary school teachers on the efficacy of MTB-MLE in SLU-LES, Baguio City. SLU-LES has a total of 21 primary school teachers who served as the respondents of this study in an attempt to answer three major questions regarding the efficacy of MTB-MLE among primary school teachers. A questionnaire was used in collecting the data which were analyzed using weighted mean and ANOVA. The questionnaire was validated by a statistician and it was administered to a school which does not differ from the intended respondents for further validation of the items. Findings revealed from the intended respondents that they perceive MTB-MLE as effective; however, they do not prefer the use of Mother Tongue as medium of instruction. A research of the same topic was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria by Dr. David O. Fakeye and although his respondents were students; the results came out that the respondents do perceive MTB-MLE to be efficacious. The results ...

is a certified Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary Mathematics Teacher in Indonesia. Before to his employment at the Taman Rama International School, he was a secondary school teacher of the Department of Education in the Philippines. In 2012, he was recognized as 'Teacher of the Year' for his exemplary performance and dedication as a Mathematics Teacher in the public school. Western Mindanao State University assigned in the high school department, teaching junior and senior high school students. Currently, he is pursuing his master's degree at the College of Teacher Education, WMSU.

As a major new means of global communication, social media platforms such as Facebook have afforded linguists of today to observe the development and diffusion of a language online. This study looked into the dominant language use seen in the Facebook profiles of the Meranaw professionals and their reasons given for the use of English as a language in their posts. Further, using Netnography, a form of Internet ethnography, dominant language present in the reactions of Facebook friends to the researchers' most commented post was observed in order to identify the dominant language in support to the profile observations with the participants. Results showed two interesting findings that have emerged from this netnographic research and virtual interview. First, English is the dominant language used by the selected participants in the observation made from October to November 2015 and the comment posts made by the FB friends of the researcher during the said observation. Second, among the identified reasons for posting in English, the majority of the responses were because of English's global/universal use that allows all audiences to understand the posts made by the participants and followed by the comfortability or confidence of the participant over the use of English as a language in their posts. In addition, the researcher believed that "language is culture". The minimal use of the Meranaw language implied a minimal presence of the cultural idiosyncrasies of the Meranaws on social media platforms. Hence, when a closer and longer look at the language use is done, a clearer picture of the cultural idiosyncrasies of the Meranaws may be visible in the posts even with the use of English language. In that light, it is worthwhile to consider whether the online use of English and Meranaw by this small group of Meranaw professionals might reflect broader and more enduring social, cultural, and linguistic shifts.

The resurgence of English proficiency has fallen to an abysmally low level on the ability of learners to fluently speak, read and write due to the effects on the language environment and preference as exposed in mass/social media, technology-based and printed reading materials. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the level of English Proficiency of Grade 9 Junior High Students of Jose Sanvictores Sr. National School. This descriptive-evaluative research design was employed using survey instruments which used to measure the level of proficiency in English. Findings revealed that television is the most available in their environment while the language preference of these respondents was English-Filipino. The overall level of English proficiency across eight language areas is developing. Results further revealed that there is a significant relationship between the students' language preference and English language proficiency. Hence, Computer Aided Instructional Materials are recommended to integrate on their lessons so that low-performing students become proficient in English.

The study aimed to examine the phenomenon of diglossic code-switching in religious discourse used by preachers of Friday mosques in Jordan when they deliver their Friday sermon. Methodology: To achieve the study objective, the researcher recorded (21) Friday sermons from three different geographical locations: cities, villages, and plains. The study primarily investigated the types of functions, the forms of code-switching and subject matters that make Friday preachers code-switch from high variety to low variety. A descriptive analysis was performed by the researcher. Main Findings: The study reveals that diglossic code-switching is purposeful and functional serving ten sociolinguistic functions such as clarity and simplicity, giving directions, warnings, etc. The analysis also reveals that Arabic consists of high variety (standard) and low variety (nonstandard). Even though high variety is much better and is frequently used in official settings, there are instances in which low variety is used because high variety does not meet Arabic speakers' daily-life communication. The study also concludes Arabic is not a pigeonholed variety as Ferguson's claimed. Therefore, Friday preachers vacillate from high to low variety to serve certain sociolinguistic functions. The research results also found three forms of code-switching: extra-sentential or tag-Switching, inter-sentential and intra-sentential. Extra-sentential was the most frequently used in the study. Implication: This paper can be useful to a better understanding of the phenomenon of diglossic code-switching in the religious discourse in sociolinguistics in general and in particular studying the linguistic features of cod-switching in the religious discourse in the Arab world. Novelty: No studies were conducted on diglossic code-switching in the religious discourse by Friday sermons not only in Jordan even in the Middle East.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the phenomenon of diglossic code-switching in religious discourse used by preachers of Friday mosques in Jordan when they deliver their Friday sermon.  Methodology: To achieve the study objective, the researcher recorded (21) Friday sermons from three different geographical locations: cities, villages, and plains. The study primarily investigated the types of functions, the forms of code-switching and subject matters that make Friday preachers code-switch from high variety to low variety. A descriptive analysis was performed by the researcher. Main Findings: The study reveals that diglossic code-switching is purposeful and functional serving ten sociolinguistic functions such as clarity and simplicity, giving directions, warnings, etc. The analysis also reveals that Arabic consists of high variety (standard) and low variety (nonstandard). Even though high variety is much better and is frequently used in official settings, there are instances in wh...

Is language a factor to academic achievement? What significance does it give if one is multilingual? Does being able to speak several languages help an l2 learner become successful in his/her academic language performance? This paper shed light to these questions as it explores relationship of mother tongue, language diversity and academic language achievement of the second language learners. The researcher identified the diverse languages spoken by eighty-nine (89) BSE English majors of the Philippine Normal University and these languages were correlated with their success in academic grades in English

To gauge the success of the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines is tantamount to examining it in a milieu where its citizens speak a number of languages. Zamboanga City is credibly one of the cities in the country identified to be multilingual where its people speak more or less eight (8) languages, namely: Chavacano, Cebuano-Bisaya, Tausug, Sama, Yakan, Tagalog, Subanen, and Hiligaynon. This study surveys the MTB-MLE program in its sixth year of implementation. Specifically, it attempted to determine the general language attitude of the teacher-respondents in using Chavacano as a language of instruction, and the difficulties they face in the classroom using the mother tongue. The data were gathered through qualitative descriptive method using survey questionnaire and interview questions. Specifically, to identify the challenges encountered by teachers using the mother tongue for instructions, the data were taken predominantly from interviews usin...

BSCHEM 1-1 A Critical Essay on The Miseducation of the Filipino As Renato Constantino said in his essay titled "The Miseducation of the Filipino", the most effective means of conquest is to capture the minds of the people. Thus, to pacify the Filipinos who were defending their newly-gained freedom from the Spanish colonizers and to

To gauge the success of the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines is tantamount to examining it in a milieu where its citizens speak a number of languages. Zamboanga City is credibly one of the cities in the country identified to be multilingual where its people speak more or less eight (8) languages, namely: Chavacano, Cebuano-Bisaya, Tausug, Sama, Yakan, Tagalog, Subanen, and Hiligaynon. This study surveys the MTB-MLE program in its sixth year of implementation. Specifically, it attempted to determine the general language attitude of the teacher-respondents in using Chavacano as a language of instruction, and the difficulties they face in the classroom using the mother tongue. The data were gathered through qualitative descriptive method using survey questionnaire and interview questions. Specifically, to identify the challenges encountered by teachers using the mother tongue for instructions, the data were taken predominantly from interviews usin...

Acquiring two languages such as English and Cebuano during migration is an interesting challenge for nine young Filipino-German migrants living in Dumaguete City, Philippines which is dubbed as one of the best places to retire in the world. Attitudes and motivation play a significant part in learning the second language with the consequence of forgetting the mother tongue due to its non-use. The respondents are divided into short -term migrants who migrated less than five years and long-term migrants who moved to Dumaguete for more than five years and beyond. In the motivation and attitude study, only the short-term migrants answered neutral for attitude towards German people and attitude towards Filipino people. The rest of the categories yielded moderately agree answers. Finally, majority of the short-term migrants believed that speakers of other languages perceived them as German speakers while people in the community thought that long-term migrants speak Cebuano, English fluentl...

The study was undertaken to find out the psychological effects and performance in science of MSU-University Training Centre grade 10 students after the siege happened in Marawi City. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions; (1) what is the psychological status of the students after the Marawi siege regarding anxiety and stress manifestation? (2) Is there a significant relationship between the psychological status and the academic performance in science of the MSU-UTC students brought about by the Marawi siege? The research study used quasi experimental with qualitative research design. A population of eighty-two (82) grade 10 students were used in the conduct of the study. The following results showed that (1) students have more worries now than before the Marawi siege ; (2) Students feel pressured because of the many requirements in school; (3) Performance of students in science and Psychological stress are not associated without psychosocial intervention or values integration; (4) While with psychosocial intervention student performance and stress are significantly related; (5) and lastly, students anxiety and performance in science both with and without psychosocial intervention are not significantly related.

The study was undertaken to find out the psychological effects and performance in science of MSU-University Training Centre grade 10 students after the siege happened in Marawi City. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions; (1) what is the psychological status of the students after the Marawi siege regarding anxiety and stress manifestation? (2) Is there a significant relationship between the psychological status and the academic performance in science of the MSU-UTC students brought about by the Marawi siege? The research study used quasi experimental with qualitative research design. A population of eighty-two (82) grade 10 students were used in the conduct of the study. The following results showed that (1) students have more worries now than before the Marawi siege ; (2) Students feel pressured because of the many requirements in school; (3) Performance of students in science and Psychological stress are not associated without psychosocial intervention or values integration; (4) While with psychosocial intervention student performance and stress are significantly related; (5) and lastly, students anxiety and performance in science both with and without psychosocial intervention are not significantly related.

The study was undertaken to find out the psychological effects and performance in science of MSU-University Training Centre grade 10 students after the siege happened in Marawi City. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions; (1) what is the psychological status of the students after the Marawi siege regarding anxiety and stress manifestation? (2) Is there a significant relationship between the psychological status and the academic performance in science of the MSU-UTC students brought about by the Marawi siege? The research study used quasi experimental with qualitative research design. A population of eighty-two (82) grade 10 students were used in the conduct of the study. The following results showed that (1) students have more worries now than before the Marawi siege ; (2) Students feel pressured because of the many requirements in school; (3) Performance of students in science and Psychological stress are not associated without psychosocial intervention or values integration; (4) While with psychosocial intervention student performance and stress are significantly related; (5) and lastly, students anxiety and performance in science both with and without psychosocial intervention are not significantly related.

Acquiring two languages such as English and Cebuano during migration is an interesting challenge for nine young Filipino-German migrants living in Dumaguete City, Philippines which is dubbed as one of the best places to retire in the world. Attitudes and motivation play a significant part in learning the second language with the consequence of forgetting the mother tongue due to its non-use. The respondents are divided into short -term migrants who migrated less than five years and long-term migrants who moved to Dumaguete for more than five years and beyond. In the motivation and attitude study, only the short-term migrants answered neutral for attitude towards German people and attitude towards Filipino people. The rest of the categories yielded moderately agree answers. Finally, majority of the short-term migrants believed that speakers of other languages perceived them as German speakers while people in the community thought that long-term migrants speak Cebuano, English fluentl...

This thesis investigated Ghanaians' attitudes towards code-switching involving Arabic and Ghanaian languages in a highly formal religious setting like the Friday sermon. It aimed to offer the perception and beliefs of Ghanaian Islamic scholars and Ghanaian Muslims towards code-switching from Arabic to the local Ghanaian languages and vice versa. Data from 69 Ghanaian Muslims and 5 Islamic scholars from two different mosques in Accra, Ghana, were examined to achieve this purpose. The data was collected through web-based questionnaires, interviews and a Matched-guise test. The study's findings showed that Ghanaians had favorable attitudes towards code-switching from Arabic to Ghanaian languages (GLs) and from GLs to Arabic. Code-switches from Arabic to GLs, were seen as appropriate and approved in this highly formal setting. In general, the participants viewed it as a medium by which Islamic scholars get to the level of their congregation, create solidarity among members, and make the speech easier for the audience to understand. On the other hand, alternating from GLs to Arabic was viewed as demonstrating one's Islamic knowledge, giving credibility to the message and thus, showing its importance. These findings indicate that switching from Arabic to GLs was Ghanaians' efforts to maintain their indigenous languages in this extremely formal context. Switching from GLs to Arabic served the purpose of referencing and symbolic to the Islamic religious faith.

This quantitative investigation involved 1,054 pre-service teacher respondents with mean age =
20.21 (SD=3.124). This cross-sectional study gathered data through the creation of four research
tools validated and pilot tested. Moreover, three of the research tools (AChavQ, AFilQ, AEngQ)
were determined to be of ‘excellent’ reliability, while one is of ‘acceptable’ reliability (CogMT).
The study purposed to derive a model explaining the possible relationships, mediation or
moderation, of language attitude towards Chavacano with ethnicity, cognition towards mother
tongue and language attitude toward Filipino and English. The model with “best fit” showed that
that language attitude toward Filipino and English has a direct influence on cognition in the mother
tongue. In contrast, ethnicity’s influence is mediated by language attitude toward Chavacano. The
results and findings of this study provide vital information and insights in the implementation of
the Mother Tongue Based Education in a multilingual context.

This report profiles the media landscape in the Philippines. The paper, commissioned by the European Journalism Centre and the International Red Cross, is a comprehensive analysis of information consumption patterns and information channels in the country, ranging from traditional media to telecommunications and other forms of innovation. Also covers journalist training or education, laws or policies governing expression, and traditional forms of communication.

Surveying course is one of the fundamental subjects that involved in academic plan of most civil engineering programs. It generally covers topic that concerned with mapping, setting out, earthwork, and design. The course title differs from one program to another. It may appear under the name of surveying, mapping techniques or geomatic. Surveying is applicable in almost all branches of civil engineering whether structure, highways or hydraulic engineering. In surveying courses, some educational problems ma face both students and lecturers because of the nature of the subject that consists of practical side and field work applications; and communication complicity of knowledge transfer between the two the sides. In addition to student society in which the c presented. This research work tried to study analyze and evaluate examination results of surveying course taught to civil engineering student in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) taking faculty of engineering in university as a case study. Both courses; surveying 1 and surveying 2 were taken into consideration. Results showed that a great chance is available for students to pass the course and only about 7% of students are expected to fail the course. About 19% of student can successfully to A+ where, grades D to D+ represent the dominant grades. Beside that the general trend line of results tend to be normally distributed. Moreover, analysis showed that both subject results of surveying 1 and surveying 2 were highly c Surveying course is one of the fundamental subjects that involved in academic plan of most civil engineering programs. It generally covers topic that concerned with mapping, setting out, earthwork, and design. The course title differs from one program to nother. It may appear under the name of surveying, mapping techniques or geomatic. Surveying is applicable in almost all branches of civil engineering whether structure, highways or hydraulic engineering. In surveying courses, some educational problems may face both students and lecturers because of the nature of the subject that consists of practical side and field work applications; and communication complicity of knowledge transfer between the two the sides. In addition to student society in which the course This research work tried to study analyze and evaluate examination results of surveying course taught to civil engineering student in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) taking faculty of engineering in Albaha oth courses; surveying 1 and surveying 2 were taken into consideration. Results showed that a great chance is available for students to pass the course and only about 7% of students are expected to fail the course. About 19% of student can successfully have grades A represent the dominant grades. Beside that the general trend line of course Moreover, analysis showed that both subject results of surveying 1 and surveying 2 were highly correlated.

Student journalists are trained to express and translate their outputs into paper. The preferred language medium they use to do so, however, may convey their perception and attitude towards languages. This study aimed to determine the preferred language that student journalists use in their articles, the reason for their preference, and their attitude towards English, Filipino, and their vernacular language. Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods were used as research design. Data were collected through distributing survey questionnaires to 58 student journalists in Mindano State Univeristy-Marawi during academic year 2013-2014 and conducting interviews to a random sample of 12 from those surveyed. Results showed that most of the student journalists prefer English while only a few uses Filipino and none prefer vernacular in writing. English is perceived by the student journalists to be understood by more people, dynamic and rich; formal, an indicator of better proficiency but not an indicator if intelligence and high social status. Comfortability, ability to express better, training, usage in school, and self-efficacy are the reported reasons why they prefer such language. Filipino and vernacular were least preferred due to lack of resources for reference and writing, lack of knowledge, and low self-efficacy on the usage of the medium. They said that if they were given the mastery of the languages, they are willing to write in Filipino and vernacular. Thus, there is a need to instill versatility of the usage of Filipino and vernacular among student journalists through adequate training and equal appreciation towards them.

There is a need to be proficient in the use of English among non-native speakers as they are now in a globally competitive world. Today, educators are facing with a challenge of teaching the students whose primary language is not English. Since the Philippines welcomes the English Language from the American colonizers, the Philippines today is the fifth largest English-speaking country in the world and second in the continent of Asia (Wikipedia). The English language has an important standing in global communication, hence both oral and written English skills are essential around the world. However, to many, speaking English seems to be a very challenging task. Since the aim of English education is not only to develop knowledge of grammar and written skills but also to teach oral English skills, this problem needs to be studied in order to remedy the situation. But the question is -How will the Philippine Government maintain and improve the standard and competitiveness of the Filipino people using the English Language, in which is very much needed in this fast-changing world?‖ With the aspiration to increase the number of English-proficient Filipinos, former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo implemented Executive Order 210 Series of 2003, which established the policy to strengthen the use of the English

The research work was carried out among randomly selected 666 first year student-respondents from 18 identified public and private high schools in the Division of Cotabato City, Central Mindanao, Philippines. The six elements of reading comprehension skills, i.e., understanding vocabulary in context, identifying main idea, noting details, making inference, predicting outcomes, and drawing conclusion, and students' performance in science from the two school types were described and correlated. A competency-based 50-item multiple choice achievement test for each of the reading comprehension and science learning areas was utilised as the research instrument. The test was developed based on the prescribed Table of Specifications (TOS) and aligned with learning competencies formulated under the Restructured Basic Education Curriculum (RBEC) of the Department of Education (DepEd). The study results showed that the overall students' performance in reading comprehension and science was indexed at low mastery level. Generally, four out of six reading skills such as understanding vocabulary in context, noting details, predicting outcome, and making inference made up the overall reading skills that positively correlated with science performance of students although the strength of relationship was considered weak.