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Loan Words

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Loan words are terms adopted from one language and incorporated into another without translation, often retaining their original pronunciation and meaning. This linguistic phenomenon occurs due to cultural exchange, trade, or colonization, reflecting the influence of one language on another.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Loan words are terms adopted from one language and incorporated into another without translation, often retaining their original pronunciation and meaning. This linguistic phenomenon occurs due to cultural exchange, trade, or colonization, reflecting the influence of one language on another.

Key research themes

1. How do code-switching and borrowing differ in the integration and use of loanwords in bilingual speech?

This research theme addresses the differentiation between code-switched elements and borrowed loanwords in bilingual language contact settings, focusing on their frequency, integration, and sociolinguistic significance. Clarifying this distinction has profound implications for theoretical frameworks of language contact, bilingualism, and language change, given enduring controversies about the processes and outcomes of borrowing versus code-switching.

Key finding: Through quantitative analysis of English-origin items in Quebec French over 61 years, this study demonstrates that few foreign-origin words persist or increase in frequency. Crucially, integration is abrupt rather than... Read more
Key finding: Poplack’s extensive corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic research across multiple language pairs substantiates the Nonce Borrowing Hypothesis (NBH), which posits borrowing as independent from code-switching. The findings... Read more
Key finding: This study documents the prevalence of English code-mixing and loanwords in Sindhi print media, identifying that single-word English insertions function as borrowings and multi-word fragments as code-switches. The research... Read more

2. What sociocultural factors and identity constructions drive the adoption and use of English loanwords in non-English languages?

This theme investigates the sociocultural motivations behind English lexical borrowings, particularly focusing on how loanwords symbolize modernity, prestige, and cosmopolitan identities. Research shows that beyond purely communicative functions, English loanwords are often adopted as markers of social identity and status, influenced by media, globalization, and attitudes towards language prestige. Understanding these motivations clarifies the dynamics of language contact, cultural influence, and linguistic change in globalized contexts.

Key finding: The paper reveals that English core borrowings in Greek women’s online magazines are not adopted due to lexical gaps but as a result of cultural prestige and symbolic associations with modernity, success, and power linked to... Read more
by Nadia Pi and 
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Key finding: Surveying Iranian postgraduate students, this study finds overall positive attitudes towards English loanwords in Persian, attributed partly to social media influence. It highlights that the prestige and status of English... Read more
Key finding: This paper documents extensive Arabic loanword incorporation into Sorani Kurdish, particularly driven by prestige related to religion and politics and the lexical need arising from language contact under sociopolitical... Read more

3. How do phonological and morphological constraints shape the adaptation of loanwords into recipient languages?

This research area focuses on the phonological and morphological processes conditioning the adaptation of foreign lexical items (loanwords) into native languages. It examines language-specific constraints, such as syllable structure, consonant clusters, vowel harmony, and inflectional paradigms, and how these shape the borrowed forms. These adaptation mechanisms provide insights into native grammatical organization, universal phonological principles, and language contact-induced change.

Key finding: Analyzing loanwords in Saraiki from multiple donor languages, this study finds that adaptation varies according to native phonological constraints: onset consonant clusters in English loans are broken by epenthetic vowels,... Read more
Key finding: Examining 50 frequent English-origin verbs in a large corpus of French tweets, this study uncovers a notable prevalence of uninflected forms—dropping expected past participle or infinitive inflections—in colloquial written... Read more

All papers in Loan Words

This research explores the sociopragmatic functions of selected English loanwords in contemporary Burmese, many of which entered the lexicon during the period of British colonial rule. To do this, it unpacks the functions of selected... more
An unsecured business loan is a type of financing that does not require collateral. Instead of evaluating assets, lenders assess the financial health, revenue, profitability, and creditworthiness of the business
The present study examines the specific features of Hungarian pedagogical terminology in Transcarpathia within the Ukrainian language environment. In a bilingual minority context, the interaction between languages is particularly strong.... more
Canlı bir organizma olan dil sürekli değişen ve gelişen bir yapıya sahiptir. Diller aynı zamanda birbirlerini etkiler ve birbirlerinden etkilenir. Bu etkileşim sözcük boyutunda ses ve biçim açısından olabileceği gibi anlam ve cümle... more
Türklerin 11. yüzyılda Anadolu’ya, Rumların yoğun olarak yaşadıkları bölgelere yayılmaya başlamalarıyla birlikte Türkçeden Yunancaya, Yunancadan da Türkçeye konuşma dili üzerinden alıntılar geçmeye başlamıştır; ilişkilerin çeşitli... more
Group methodology has been identified as one of the key elements that differentiates microfinance from other conventional banks. While financial sustainability remains a necessary goal in microfinance bank, the role of group methodology... more
we need to think that from where does the pattern come from? In Saraiki we address such questions in this article while taking into account the loanword grammar. This article is organised as follows: the next section briefly highlights... more
V članku je predstavljeno pojavljanje srbohrvatizmov v časniku Delo po osamosvojitvi Slovenije. V prvih letih se njihovo število zaradi sprostitve purističnega nadzora po prenehanju političnega vpliva govorcev srbohrvaščine poviša, nato... more
The project "Issuing Event Tickets as NFTs" introduces a blockchain-based platform that revolutionizes the traditional event ticketing system by addressing challenges like fraud, scalping, and lack of transparency. Leveraging Non-Fungible... more
Написане Сергієм Вакуленком починається зі слів “Ще одну специфічну синтаксичну конструкцію […]” наприкінці с. 174.
Aynı dil ailesinden gelen Çince ve Türkçe dilleri arasında zaman içerisinde , sınır komşusu olmanın ve ticaretinde getirmiş olduğu ilişki neticesinde iki millet arasında kullanılan ortak kelimeler görülmektedir. Binlerce yıl öncesine... more
Just what it says above, a review but also developing a general line of criticism of the methodology of dictionary-making and the status accorded to dictionary claims
Here I show the etymology of a Pre-Greek (that means non-Greek) word ialemos meaning funeral song with the help of the Old Türkic word Aglama and Yuglama, nouns that are derived from verbs with the suffix +ma. I think it is not... more
Scholars of Chinese Buddhist translations have used the term “double translation” in a variety of ways, potentially causing confusion as to what sort of translation methodology it describes. In this paper I have attempted to clarify this... more
El presente trabajo propone una articulación entre la noción de metaforema (Cameron y Deignan, 2006), la Teoría de las Normas y las Explotaciones (Hanks, 2013) y el concepto de neologicidad, entendida como un proceso de cambio con... more
Historically, falconry was conducted on one stretch of land that reached from Europe and northern Africa in the west to Japan in the east. The oldest reliable evidence is almost 2.000 years old and originates from the Han Dynasty in parts... more
Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin internette kullandıkları bilgi arama stratejilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara ili Yenimahalle... more
Danas se u Slovačkoj hrvatskima smatraju četiri naselja: Čunovo , Hrvatski Jandrof, Novo Selo i Hrvatski Grob. Ostatak je to nekoć brojne hrvatske zajednice koja je prostor današnje države Slovačke naselila u 16. stoljeću. Slovačka... more
Chapter 13 by Moreno García is a synthesis of an immense and complex topic –multilingualism, society, and population contact in ancient Egypt. The chapter pays special attention to the social and historical contexts for contact. Situated... more
The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter-'tis the difference between the lightning-bug and the lightning."-Mark Twain Mark Twain's quote highlights the importance of precise language and the... more
The derivation through exchange of prefixes (DEP) has been acknowledged as an autonomic derivation technique in Polish only in 2003, and first described in 2010. In French linguistics, it is unknown. However, an analysis of semantic and... more
The derivation through exchange of prefixes (DEP) has been acknowledged as an autonomic derivation technique in Polish only in 2003, and first described in 2010. In French linguistics, it is unknown. However, an analysis of semantic and... more
The subject of the paper is the formal and quantitative analysis of different types of neologisms distinguished in the thematic field of FOOD. The first step was to separate continuous units and discontinuous units on the basis of the... more
This article presents the selected problems to do with the description of hierarchical relations in the area of word-formation. Hierarchy as a form of categorizing the linguistic reality, reduced to the word-formation framework, delimits... more
Vocabulary learning is one of the major challenges foreign language learners face during the process of learning a language . One way to alley the problem is to assist students in becoming independent learners during the course of L2... more
Problemleri" adlı uluslar arası bir kongre gerçekleştirildi. Kongre Moğol dillerinin tarihi gelişim problemleri konu edinmişti. Rus bilim adamlarının yanı sıra Japon, Buryat ve Kalmuk bilim adamları da katılmıştır. Yirmiden fazla... more
This study was conducted to determine the artificial intelligence anxiety levels of Turkish teachers. In line with this purpose, teachers' artificial intelligence anxiety levels, gender, education level, professional service period,... more
Türk, Moğol, Mançu, Tunguz, Kore ve Japon dillerinin ortak bir kökten geldiğini ve bu dillerin akraba olduğunu ortaya koyan teoriye Altay Dilleri Teorisi adı verilmektedir. Bu teorinin temeli, Türkçe, Moğolca, Mançuca, Tunguzca, Korece ve... more
The American continent treasures a linguistic diversity, evident in the original languages and in languages that unite morphological, syntactic, phonological and semantic structures of languages with different typological... more
This study aims to evaluate the attitudes of employees in Turkey towards human-centered design. To achieve this, the "Design Thinker Profile" scale developed by Chesson (2017) was translated into Turkish, and its validity and reliability... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin kaynaştırma eğitimi ile ilgili duyguları, tutumları ve kaygılarının farklı değişkenler (cinsiyet, kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik hizmet içi eğitim alma durumu, kıdem yılı, kaynaştırma... more
Introducción: La creatividad en la publicidad es fundamental en el sector de la belleza. Las empresas cosméticas emplean recursos como el léxico para persuadir a los consumidores sobre los beneficios de sus productos. Este estudio analiza... more
The aim of this research is to investigate the opinions of elementary school and secondary school teachers regarding the organizational cynicism and organizational silence behaviours in terms of different variables. At the same time, it... more
Il contributo osserva alcune questioni concernenti la presenza di elementi inglesi, in particolare prestiti, nell'esame di maturità di lingua italiana in Bulgaria. Il lavoro si concentra sui testi di livello B2 per la comprensione orale e... more
Ön ergenlik dönemindeki çocukların okul yaşantılarında önemli yere sahip olan öğretmen-çocuk ilişkisi için güven duygusu temel bir öneme sahiptir ve öğretmene duyulan güven çocuğun gelişimine önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu... more
: The aim of this article is to propose teaching words of indigenous origin in classes of Spanish as a foreign language in order to enrich the vocabulary of our students and also to expand their knowledge of the Indo-American and... more
Fifty frequent English-origin verbs extracted from a corpus of 100 million French tweets from 2020-2022 were analyzed for uninflectedness in two composite verb forms — the "passé composé" construction and the periphrastic future... more
Utrovački and Šatrovački: description and theoretical perspectives of two Serbo-Croatian language games The goal of this article is to present two Serbo-Croatian language games known as Šatrovački and Utrovački and to show how their... more
The goal of this article is to present two Serbo-Croatian language games known as Satrovacki and Utrovacki and to show how their functioning provides insight into the architecture of phonological representations. I show that Satrovacki... more
The present study is aimed at exploring the strategies used in translating scientific texts to overcome challenges which translators faced for selecting suitable Persian chemistry equivalents. For this purpose, a two-volume book in... more
Sandorf biblioteka Zirone Knjiga je objavljena uz financijsku potporu Ministarstva znanosti i obrazovanja Republike Hrvatske i Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. CIP zapis dostupan u računalnom katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne... more
Information and Communications Technology have been used in every aspect of life. The application and use of ICT also facilitate information sharing and forecasting for decision-making in the gigantic financial sector and in the... more
The French language in Canada has historical roots extending back to the 1600’s. Today, many Canadians are French speakers. In fact, nearly 12% of Canadians speak only French, and nearly 18% of Canadians speak both English and French... more
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