Matched Guise

From a structural perspective, some English accents (be they native or foreign) carry higher status than others, which in turn may decide whether you get a job or not, for example. So how do language teachers approach this enigma, and how does this approach differ depending on the cultural context you are operating in? These are some of the questions addressed in this article. The study is based on a matched-guise experiment conducted in Sweden and the Seychelles, a small island nation outside the east coast of Africa, where respondents (active teachers and teacher trainees) were asked to evaluate the same oral presentations on various criteria such as grammar, pronunciation, structure etc. Half of the respondents listened to a version that was presented in Received Pronunciation (RP), while the other half evaluated the same monologue presented by the same person, but in an Indian English (IE) accent. Note, that careful attention was paid to aspects such as pacing, pauses etc. using...

Language not only facilitates communication but also constructs social identities through listeners' perceptions and language ideologies. This study examines how listeners perceive second-generation Chinese Americans when they switch between English and Mandarin Chinese. Using a matched-guise perception task, 22 advanced-level English-speaking learners of Mandarin evaluated speakers on attributes of friendliness, confidence, meticulousness, and rationality. Results showed that speakers were rated as significantly more friendly and confident when speaking English than when speaking Mandarin, while no significant differences were observed for meticulousness and rationality. These findings suggest that language choice influences perceived identity traits, with English aligning speakers more closely with dominant American cultural norms, while Mandarin indexes different cultural associations.

***Correction*** P10 Conclusions has an important typo. The final sentence on the page should read as: "However, the phonetic change of coronal affricates from alveolar to postalveolar, although less salient in IG, is salient to other Greek speakers who perceive it as part of different segment’s allophony. This mismatch of phonological organization creates a semiotic field wherein different Greek speakers then rely on their accumulated experiences with language to ascribe values onto what they hear."

This article uses mixed methods to establish how social meanings are situated in lived experiences. I test whether Greek listeners recognize features of Istanbul Greek (IG) and whether they associate the same social meanings with the variety as IG speakers. Results from a verbal guise experiment and metapragmatic stancetaking discourse suggest the confluence of IG features co-present in multiple Greek varieties (a) hinders non-IG-listeners from placing speakers and (b) allows for other varieties' social meanings to influence judgments. Although listeners attend to multiple structures, features involved with allophonic processes are most salient. Consequently, the salience of competing processes led listeners to (re)interpret features based on their awareness of them in other enregistered speech. These findings add nuance to how enregisterment occurs within (sub)communities, and how social meanings are unevenly distributed among individuals based on the exemplars that emerge via enregisterment. Results further complicate how personae circulate and contribute to social differentiation. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

To elucidate the population history of the Caucasus, we conducted a survey of genetic diversity in Samegrelo (Mingrelia), western Georgia. We collected DNA samples and genealogical information from 485 individuals residing in 30 different locations, the vast majority of whom being Mingrelian speaking. From these DNA samples, we generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for all 485 participants (female and male), Y-short tandem repeat haplotypes for the 372 male participants, and analyzed all samples at nearly 590,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus around 33,000 on the sex chromosomes, with 27,000 SNP removed for missingness, using the GenoChip 2.0+ microarray. The resulting data were compared with those from populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Near East, and Europe. Overall, Mingrelians exhibited considerable mtDNA haplogroup diversity, having high frequencies of common West Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1, R1, R2, T, U, and W. X2) and low frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroups (A, C, D, F, and G). From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community.

To elucidate the population history of the Caucasus, we conducted a survey of genetic diversity in Samegrelo (Mingrelia), western Georgia. We collected DNA samples and genealogical information from 485 individuals residing in 30 different locations, the vast majority of whom being Mingrelian speaking. From these DNA samples, we generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for all 485 participants (female and male), Y-short tandem repeat haplotypes for the 372 male participants, and analyzed all samples at nearly 590,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus around 33,000 on the sex chromosomes, with 27,000 SNP removed for missingness, using the GenoChip 2.0+ microarray. The resulting data were compared with those from populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Near East, and Europe. Overall, Mingrelians exhibited considerable mtDNA haplogroup diversity, having high frequencies of common West Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1, R1, R2, T, U, and W. X2) and low frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroups (A, C, D, F, and G). From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community.

Srdečně Vám děkujeme za Váš zájem podílet se na této dotazníkové studii. Tuto mezinárodní studii provádíme pro Univerzitu Vídeň v Rakousku. Zkoumá postoje k daním a k EU. Na otázky odpovídejte, prosím, otevřeně a upřímně. Vaše odpovědi budou zpracovány nanejvýš důvěrně a anonymně a v žádném případě nebudou poskytnuty třetí straně. Vyplnění dotazníku zabere cca 25 minut. Budete automaticky směrováni od otázky k otázce. Pokud si chcete udělat přestávku, vyplňování je možné kdykoliv přerušit. Vaše údaje budou uloženy a k dotazníku se můžete vrátit pomocí odkazu a kdykoliv pokračovat tam, kde jste naposledy skončil/a. Prosím, pečlivě si pročtěte následující otázky a zakřížkujte takovou odpověď, která nejlépe vystihuje Vaši situaci. Odpovídejte tak, abyste využil/a celé spektrum možných odpovědí od 1 (zcela nesouhlasím) do 7 (zcela souhlasím).

As a consequence of political changes and war, during the last decade the migration processes have been intensified and in comers from other parts of Croatia and neighbouring countries have moved to the town of Zagreb and have changed it considerably. These demographic changes have also had an influence on the language used in the area and on language attitudes towards the Standard Croatian, local vernacular and other dialectal varieties. The aim of this study is to explore the awareness that speakers, Croatian adolescents resident in Zagreb, have of their own language variety and their attitudes toward different other dialect varieties. The data were collected using the speech guise method and a questionnaire in order to assess both conscious and unconscious components of these linguistic evaluations. The results obtained once again confirmed the expected prestige of the Standard variety in terms of its speaker's alleged highest competence, but also its low standing as far as s...

Raising awareness through Virtual Experiencing (RAVE) and a Cross-Cultural Perspective on Raising Awareness through Virtual Experiencing (C-RAVE) approaches are used in this article to promote awareness of concerns relating to linguistic stereotyping. Virtual Reality (VR) technology has completely changed several facets of modern life, including instruction, training and entertainment. We give a summary of the techniques employed to increase awareness of how stereotypes might distort our vision. The patterns of the answers provided by the participants demonstrate that the reported gender of the speaker in addition to the accent (native vs. non-native), has an impact on the respondents' assessments of performance. Additionally, we were able to show that the discussions and ideas produced by these response patterns led to a rise in self-awareness of language and stereotyping-related problems. The paper gives a general description of RAVE and examines how it may improve education, ...

Resum. Aquest treball analitza, de manera exploratòria, el grau d’identificació de les sis principals varietats dialectals del català, les actituds interdialectals i la vigència de determinats prejudicis entre una cinquantena de parlants de català central de 2n de Batxillerat. Els resultats demostren que, tot i les previsions del currículum educatiu, el grau de coneixement de la variació dialectal és deficitari, que les actituds dels enquestats cap a les exovarietats s’expliquen sobretot per la incidència de l’eix centre/perifèria i la pertinença o no al marc referencial immediat dels parlants —la Catalunya autonòmica—, i que el prejudici segons el qual hi ha una varietat diatòpica «superior» de la llengua amb una localització geogràfica concreta continua sent plenament vigent entre els joves enquestats.

Abstract. This study analyzes the capability to identify the six main dialectal varieties of Catalan, the interdialectal attitudes and the validity of certain prejudices among fifty-three central Catalan speakers in their 2nd year of Baccalaureate. The results show that the respondent’s knowledge of the dialects is deficient, that their attitudes towards the exovarieties are basically explained by the impact of the centre/periphery axis and their belonging or not to the immediate referential framework of the speakers —the autonomous community of Catalonia—, and that the prejudice by which there is a «superior» variety of Catalan spoken in a specific area still prevails among the respondents.

Lyčių sociologija Nors daugiau moterų nei vyrų įgyja aukštojo mokslo diplomus, tačiau moterys tesudaro mažumą aukštojo mokslo sektoriuje, ypač kylant hierarchiniais laiptais. Šiandien konstatuojama, jog moterys ir vyrai vis dar nevienodomis teisėmis dalyvauja moksle siekdami mokslininko karjeros, nepaisant visuomeninių, teisinių bei edukacinių paskatų. Todėl vienas iš ES prioritetų yra moterų skatinimas mokslininkės karjerai, o taip pat mergaičių bei merginų motyvavimas siekti mokslininkės specialybės, ypač gamtos ir inžinerijos srityse (Thomsen 2008; 9). Viena svarbiausių priežasčių, ribojančių moterų profesinius pasirinkimus tradiciškai Aistė Urbonienė Moters mokslininkės įvaizdis Lietuvos moksleivių akimis Santrauka. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kokie įvaizdžiai apie moterį mokslininkę (fizinių ir technologinių mokslų srityse) vyrauja tarp paauglių, ar tokias nuostatas lemia lyčių stereotipai. Tyrimas atskleidė šiuos vyraujančius moters mokslininkės įvaizdžius: patrauklios ir kompetentingos mokslininkės, nepatrauklios darboholikės, seksualios mokslininkės, neutraliai atrodančios mokslininkės. Paaiškėjo, kad paaugliams, ypač vaikinams, būdingi stereotipiniai ir pakankamai negatyvūs tradiciškai vyriškoje srityje dirbančios moters mokslininkės vertinimai, o merginos daugiau teigiamai ir neutraliai įsivaizduoja tokią moterį, pabrėždamos komunikacinę bei profesinę jos kompetencijas. Raktažodžiai: moterys moksle, technologiniai ir fiziniai mokslai, mokslininkės įvaizdis, lyčių stereotipai.

American English, also known as US English, is a set of dialects in the English language mostly used in the United States. It has considerable variations in terminology, phrasing and syntax. The differences are mostly on regional basis. The three major regional dialects are: Northern, Midland, and Southern. Generally, dialect varieties are acceptable in society; however, some of them are more stigmatized than others. The present study has been done to examine American English speakers" perceptions towards regional American varieties in terms of correctness, pleasantness, and difference from their own speech.

Effective communication is crucial in the healthcare sector and a growing body of research indicates that the language barriers encountered in healthcare settings may compromise the quality of care (Coren, Filipetto, and Weiss 2009; Schyve 2007; Williams, Weinman, and Dale 1998). This issue is exacerbated when doctors and patients do not share a common language. In the past few decades a considerable amount of research in English-speaking countries has focused on identifying effective practices for improving communication between clinical staff and patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) (Attard et al. 2013; Ngo-Metzger et al. 2007). This is particularly pertinent to Singapore's public healthcare system, which has adopted English as its main working language. However, Singapore displays a different setting to the studies in other countries (the USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand). In these countries, the focus has been on the LEP of new migrants or of migrant populations for whom English is not a mother tongue, and the encounters of these minority groups with the healthcare systems is the usual migrant story of having to integrate or to adapt to a different host culture. For this widely studied group, the issue is of language adaptation in a new land. In Singapore, the language barriers experienced by older adults is a result of the change in the multilingual language ecology resulting in these older adults being displaced as the languages they speak become irrelevant. The cause of this displacement is fundamentally different from the cases that are reported in current literature, but the impact is just as devastating if not more so as it is happening in your home country where you expect to find refuge. This language rupture is not only taking place in the healthcare sector but in the community and at home. This chapter documents the language problems faced by older adults (OAs) not in a migration context, but in their own home. In Singapore, a significant portion of OAs either do not speak or are not proficient in any of the languages used by the healthcare providers. To this end, we will focus on medical encounters as they are emblematic of the wider social and linguistic barriers experienced by Chinese-speaking OAs in Singapore.

Durante os anos 90, a Real Academia Galega elaborou o Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia, un gran estudo cuantitativo de máis de 38.000 entrevistas no que se facía unha descrición pormenorizada da situación sociolingüística sondando catro dimensións: lingua inicial, competencia, usos e actitudes lingüísticas. O proxecto de investigación ‘Deseño de medidas para mellora las actitudes cara ó galego e incrementa lo seu uso’ na súa elaboración dun diagnóstico actitudinal pretende facer unha revisión dos resultados da última dimensión utilizando unha metodoloxía distinta, onde a triangulación adquire unha especial relevancia, combinando metodoloxías cuantitativas e cualitativas (medición indirecta de actitudes, entrevistas en profundidade e grupos de discusión). Os resultados atopados difiren dos obtidos no MSG. Resultan especialmente rechamantes aqueles que amosan resistencias fronte á normalización do galego.

This study aims to shed light on the attitudes of Chinese Singaporeans and Chinese nationals residing in Singapore to varieties of Mandarin Chinese. 64 Singaporean Chinese and Chinese national participants took matched and verbal-guise tests, evaluating recorded speakers of two varieties of Singapore Mandarin (standard and colloquial) and the variety spoken in the PRC on status and solidarity traits. These evaluations were followed by optional questionnaire items intended to probe for additional more insights into the participants’ attitudes and perceptions of one another. Both Singaporean Chinese and Chinese national participants assigned higher status to the PRC’s variety of Mandarin. Attitudes toward the two varieties of Singapore Mandarin, however, varied, with Singaporeans rating the standard variety higher than the colloquial variety on all traits and Chinese nationals favouring the colloquial variety. Interestingly, for all three varieties of Mandarin, solidarity traits were ...

This study reports the results of a crosslinguistic matched guise test examining /s/ and pitch variation in judgments of sexual orientation and nonnormative masculinity among English, French, and German listeners. Listeners responded to /s/ and pitch manipulations in native and other language stimuli (English, French, German, and Estonian). All listener groups rate higher pitch guises as more gay- and effeminate-sounding than lower pitch guises. However, only English listeners hear [s+] guises as more gay- and effeminate-sounding than [s] or [s−] guises for all stimuli languages. French and German listeners do not hear [s+] guises as more gay- or effeminate-sounding in any stimulus language, despite this feature's presence in native speech production. English listener results show evidence of indexical transfer, when indexical knowledge is applied to the perception of unknown languages. French and German listener results show how the enregistered status of /s/ variation affects ...

Research on Spanish Heritage Language Learners' (SHLLs) language attitudes has demonstrated they typically present positive attitudes towards their Spanish HL and their Spanish classes. Nevertheless, other research shows that SHLLs still rely on dominant ideologies and discourses in society when discussing their language abilities, suggesting that they are aware of these negative attitudes present in society. This study answers the call for more research regarding language attitudes of SHLLs towards U.S. Spanish and dialect awareness as well as the need for critical language awareness in the classroom. It also contributes to the line of research by analyzing SHLLs' attitudes towards two familiar varieties: a U.S. contact variety of Spanish and a monolingual Mexican Spanish variety. A total of 14 intermediate-level SHLLs' attitudes were analyzed by direct and indirect methods to answer the following research questions: 1. What are the SHLLs attitudes towards a U.S. contact variety of Spanish and a monolingual Mexican Spanish variety? 2. How are these attitudes reflected through direct and indirect methods? Results demonstrate that participants did not have negative attitudes towards either variety of Spanish. Indirect methodology did not demonstrate any significant disparateness. However, the direct methodology produced distinct attitudes towards both varieties, showing that participants overall had greater positive attitudes towards the monolingual variety.

The variation between the alveolar and velar forms (ING) has been widely used in conveying social meanings for native speakers in many English varieties. L2 speakers' perception of (ING), however, remains unknown. The presented study employs a matched guise task exploring Chinese listeners' mental representations of the (ING) variable, and a social network questionnaire, assessing how their associations interact with the levels of integration in the host society. Results from multivariate analysis show that (1) listeners with higher social network strengths perceived the speakers to be less educated, regardless of the (ING) variant; (2) the velar variant was perceived as more educated; (3) speakers' gender, and regional background had greater impacts on listeners' ratings than the (ING) guise.

Durante os anos 90, a Real Academia Galega elaborou o Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia, un gran estudo cuantitativo de máis de 38.000 entrevistas no que se facía unha descrición pormenorizada da situación sociolingüística sondando catro dimensións: lingua inicial, competencia, usos e actitudes lingüísticas. O proxecto de investigación ‘Deseño de medidas para mellora las actitudes cara ó galego e incrementa lo seu uso’ na súa elaboración dun diagnóstico actitudinal pretende facer unha revisión dos resultados da última dimensión utilizando unha metodoloxía distinta, onde a triangulación adquire unha especial relevancia, combinando metodoloxías cuantitativas e cualitativas (medición indirecta de actitudes, entrevistas en profundidade e grupos de discusión). Os resultados atopados difiren dos obtidos no MSG. Resultan especialmente rechamantes aqueles que amosan resistencias fronte á normalización do galego.

Perceptual sociophonetic work on Guatemalan Spanish has demonstrated that listeners are more likely to link male voices with traditional Maya clothing, the traje típico, when their speech includes features of Mayan-accented Spanish. However, as Maya women are more likely than men
to wear the traje típico, this matched-guise study investigates native Guatemalans’ perceptions of Mayan-accented Spanish produced by female voices. The results demonstrate that guises with features of Mayan-accented Spanish were more likely to have traje típico as a response than guises without these features. When compared to the previous studies with male-voiced guises, the findings suggest an interaction between gender and Mayan-accented Spanish. Traje típico responses were more common for female-voiced guises than male-voiced guises and occurred at the highest rate among female-voiced guises with features of Mayan-accented Spanish. Thus, gendered and cultural
practices are reflected in the indexical fields of Mayan-accented Spanish in Guatemala, regardless of the gender or ethnicity of the listener. That is, the visual body–language link is significantly more essentialized for the identity of a woman than for the identity of a man in Guatemala, suggesting that gendered stereotypes, language ideologies, and embodied practices mutually reinforce one another in the collective consciousness of the region.

Standard Singapore English (SSE) and Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) have been studied from many angles as to identify differences in their phonological, grammatical, and morphological structures. However, previous studies on the continuum of the switch between SSE and CSE by Singaporean are very limited. Hence, the aim of this case study is to implement the new Cultural Orientation Model (COM) by Alsagoff as an approach to analyze the conversation of formal and informal situations by focusing on three reflected variables: phonological, morphological and a discourse marker. Result shows that phonological variable of non-standard variant occur more compared to the informal situations, specifically the voiced alveolar stop [d] taking place of voiced dental fricative [ð] in word-initial position. In terms of morphological variable, the uninflected verb form was a complete absence in a formal situation, specifically the deletion of inflectional affixes such the affix '-ed' to denote past tense and the '-ing' affix to denote the progressive form. Lastly, the discourse marker 'like' was more frequent in informal situation. This shows that although CSE is valued in Singapore, the use of SSE by Singaporean is still preferred in formal context to integrate themselves with a global audience. Singaporean appears to negotiate between two opposing macro-cultural orientations by choice: globalist and localist. Result provides qualified support for COM by Alsagoff. Recommendations on utilization and further research are also discussed.

This study investigates language attitudes towards English, Spanish and code-switching in two Texas border cities (Laredo and Edinburg) by means of a matched guise test with three attribute dimensions (solidarity, status, and personal appeal). It was found that there were no significant overall differences between attitudes in the two cities. As anticipated, code-switching received the lowest ratings in all dimensions; English and Spanish were matched for status, and Spanish received the highest scores for solidarity. When the variable of gender was considered (both for raters and speakers), differences in ratings emerged, evidence that in both cities the three varieties play different roles in mediating gender relations.

Durante os anos 90, a Real Academia Galega elaborou o Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia, un gran estudo cuantitativo de máis de 38.000 entrevistas no que se facía unha descrición pormenorizada da situación sociolingüística sondando catro dimensións: lingua inicial, competencia, usos e actitudes lingüísticas. O proxecto de investigación ‘Deseño de medidas para mellora las actitudes cara ó galego e incrementa lo seu uso’ na súa elaboración dun diagnóstico actitudinal pretende facer unha revisión dos resultados da última dimensión utilizando unha metodoloxía distinta, onde a triangulación adquire unha especial relevancia, combinando metodoloxías cuantitativas e cualitativas (medición indirecta de actitudes, entrevistas en profundidade e grupos de discusión). Os resultados atopados difiren dos obtidos no MSG. Resultan especialmente rechamantes aqueles que amosan resistencias fronte á normalización do galego.

This qualitative study explores the attitudes of Singaporean undergraduate students living abroad towards the colloquial variety of Singaporean English, also known as Singlish. The data, consisting of eight in-depth individual interviews, and the findings were analysed using a theoretical framework incorporating cognitive, affective and behavioural components of attitude. The findings demonstrate that Singaporeans have a 'love and hate' relationship with Singlish. While the distinctiveness of Singlish features allows Singaporeans to recognize and connect with fellow countrymen abroad, serving as a marker of identification and solidarity, it is also viewed as 'improper' and 'a cause of embarrassment'. Singlish is considered a means by which non-Singaporeans can assimilate into the Singaporean community, and yet, it was found that there was an exclusivity about Singlish in that it could only be mastered by Singaporeans. The findings are discussed in relation to the implications that future research can have on attitudes towards Singlish.

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Abstract: This study examines the effects of interacting with voice interfaces in an ingroup or an outgroup accent, for both native and non-native but competent English speakers. In a balanced, between-subjects experiment,(N= 96), ingroup and outgroup participants were randomly paired with one of two types of computer speech outputs: 1) computer speech output accent which matched the participants' accent or 2) computer speech output accent which mismatched with the participants' accent. The content of the output was identical in ...

L’objectiu de la comunicació és explorar la relació entre la dominància lingüística (català vs. castellà) i les actituds cap al castellà i cap a diferents varietats de català (català central, eivissenc, mallorquí i valencià) en adolescents d’Eivissa. Amb aquest objectiu, s’han recollit dades de 118 adolescents eivissencs, d’entre 12 i 19 anys, mitjançant dues tasques: el qüestionari Bilingual Language Profile (Birdsong et alii, 2012), dissenyat per a obtenir la dominància de l’informant corresponent a dues llengües, i una tasca basada en la d’aparellament de veus disfressades (Lambert et alii, 1960), a partir de la qual els informants havien de valorar locutors que parlaven en castellà i en diferents varietats de català mitjançant una escala de Likert de 5 nivells. Aquestes valoracions s’organitzaven en una sèrie de descriptors corresponents a tres dimensions socials diferents: atracció social, competència i estatus (Newman et alii, 2008). L’atracció social té a veure amb la solidaritat afectiva que sent l’informant amb el locutor, mentre que tant la competència com l’estatus es relacionen amb el prestigi que s’associa al nivell social del locutor. Els resultats de l’anàlisi ANOVA factorial univariant demostren que tant la varietat valorada (castellà, català central, eivissenc, mallorquí i valencià) com la dimensió (atracció social, competència i estatus) tenen un efecte estadísticament significatiu en les actituds (p < 0,001). En canvi, el grau de dominància (categoritzat en 4 grups diferents: molt dominants en castellà, dominants en castellà, bilingües equilibrats i dominants en català) no té cap efecte significatiu en les valoracions. Ara bé, sí que trobem una interacció tant entre la varietat lingüística valorada i la dominància (p = 0,001), d’una banda, com entre la dimensió social i la dominància (p < 0,05), de l’altra. En aquest treball, també discutesc aquests resultats en el marc de teories sociolingüístiques sobre “autoritat” versus “autenticitat” lingüística (Woolard, 2005) i sobre les llengües com a capital cultural i econòmic en els mercats socials (Pujolar, 2008).

La region metropolitaine de Montreal se caracterise par une ecologie linguistique originale qui la demarque des autres grandes agglomerations canadiennes et nord-am£ricaines. Meme dans une perspective internationale, Montreal represente un cas de figure unique parmi 1'ensemble des espaces urbains marques par la cohabitation de plusieurs communautes linguistiques en interaction. L'originalite de la composition linguistique de la ville est liee a la presence de trois groupes linguistiques et, surtout, a leur facon particuliere d'interagir. Francophone au moment de sa fondation, Montreal a accueilli de plus en plus d'anglophones a partir du d£but du 19 e siecle, au point ou elle est devenue, a partir des annees 1830, une ville majoritairement anglophone, avant de redevenir majoritairement francophone vers la fin des annees 1860 (voir Linteau 2007). A cela s'ajoute, depuis le tournant des 19 e et 20 e siecles, une immigration croissante qui donne a la ville son caractere de plus en plus multilingue et qui pose des defis particuliers en ce qui concerne l'utilisation du francais comme langue d'usage public. La particularite de Montreal reside surtout dans le fait que son multilinguisme est influence par la concurrence entre les deux langues predominantes, le francais et l'anglais. Face a cette «double majority », les allophones ont en effet reussi a ouvrir et a investir «un espace socio-culturel bien delimited (Anctil 1984: 450), ce qui a favorise le maintien des langues d'origine, et ce, a des taux plus eleves comparativement a d'autres villes nord-americaines (voir Oakes et Warren 2009, Drouilly 1996). Les effets de cette situation sociolinguistique particuliere sont nombreux et se font sentir sur les plans culturel, social, politique et economique, d'autant plus que la grande region metropolitaine de Montreal abrite environ la moitie de la population quebecoise. Si la metropole est de plus en plus representee de facon dichotomique par rapport au reste de la province, jugee plus «homogene» (voir Heller 2005), il est indeniable que Montreal joue un role considerable dans les changements terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

To determine the social and stylistic correlates of vocal fry in a cappella performances. A matched-guise experiment was used to measure listener evaluations of fry and non-fry guises. Four singers, two male and two female, sang &quot;The Star-Spangled Banner&quot; with onset vocal fry. These recordings were used to create the two guises: (i) an unmodified recording with onset vocal fry on vowel-initial words and (ii) a recording in which the fry had been removed. In total, 253 participants listened to the recordings and evaluated the singers&#39; social and stylistic attributes along a Likert scale, e.g., how confident, sexy, and sincere each singer sounded. A factor analysis was used to conflate correlated variables, and mixed effects linear regression models (n = 1,012) were fitted to each lone or joint factor to determine whether vocal fry significantly influenced listeners&#39; responses to the singers. Vocal fry significantly altered listener evaluations of the singers&#39; si...

Résumé Une étude portant sur le syntagme intonatif (SI) en langage spontané menée à partir d’un corpus de français du Québec révèle des valeurs relativement stables quant à la longueur de ces SI exprimée en termes d’unités prosodiques minimales. La variabilité rencontrée ne peut être exprimée à l’aide de paramètres sociaux.

Singapore Colloquial English (SCE) or 'Singlish' is a variety very distinct from Singapore Standardised English (SSE), and its use is a polarising issue in Singaporean society. In stark contrast to the results of most language attitude studies in which non-standardised varieties are rated positively along solidarity dimensions, participants of matched-guise studies investigating Singaporean attitudes toward SCE have assigned lower solidarity ratings for SCE than for SSE. This is in stark contrast to anecdotal and public opinion that SCE is a language of solidarity and identity for most Singaporeans. By including participants from non-tertiary sectors and a wider range of stimulus guises as well as supplementing matched-guise results with interview data, this study seeks to reveal the covert prestige that SCE does, in fact, appear to enjoy in Singaporean society. While the matched-guise results of this study largely conform to previous findings, the interview data suggest that many participants were basing their ratings on perceptions of SCE use in the public domain rather than the private domain. The study has implications for the extent to which we can extrapolate results from matched-guise studies, a widely used instrument for the study of language attitudes in the last 50 years.

This study investigates the perception of vowel-lengthening, a feature characteristic of the Spanish spoken in Cordoba, Argentina: the tonada cordobesa . Uniquely, the lengthening occurs on the pre-tonic syllable (Fontanella de Weinberg, 1971; Yorio, 1973; Lang, 2010), and is believed to be accompanied by a pitch peak (Fontanella de Weinberg, 1971). The goals of this experiment are to determine if duration alone (i.e. without intonational changes) is a strong enough cue for identifying speakers from Cordoba, and what listener features affect this perception. A matched-guise methodology is employed in which natural and manipulated (pre-tonic vowel duration) tokens are presented to Argentine listeners in a dialect identification task. Results show that longer pre-tonic vowel durations are associated with a Cordoba speaker origin, regardless of the speaker’s true regional origin or other linguistic cues.

Tikėjimų, burtų ir prietarų pasaulis-tai pasaulis, kuriame žmonės gyveno nuo seniausių laikų. Šis pasaulis visuomet buvo gaubiamas paslapties, daugelį baugino, nes buvo paaiškinamas ne sveiku protu, o paremtas tikėjimu, sklidusiu iš lūpų į lūpas. Tad tikėjimai, burtai ir prietarai, kaip ir pasakos, dainos, mįslės, patarlės, yra neatsiejama lietuvių tautosakos dalis-mūsų praeities dalis, kurią turime saugoti kaip didžiausią turtą. Tik jeigu ne žymusis lietuvių kultūros veikėjas Jonas Basanavičius, pradėjęs domėtis šia tautosakos dalimi, kažin ar mes dabar turėtumėme išlikusį tokį brangų kalbos turtą. Juk būtent jis pats pradėjo ir paragino visus rinkti bei užrašinėti senovės lietuvių tikėjimus (burtus, apžadėjimus, užkerėjimus, įtikėjimus ir kt.) Jau studijuodamas Maskvoje (1873-1874 m.) J. Basanavičius buvo atsidėjęs lietuvių kalbos tyrinėjimams, rinko lietuvių tautosaką. Nors ir nebuvo kalbininkas, didžiulis rūpestis kalba, jos išlikimu paskatino imtis didelių darbų lietuvių kalbos labui. Viena iš tautosakos rūšių-burtais, užkerėjimais, prietarais-susidomėjo dar pačioje savo tautosakinės veiklos pradžioje. Per visą gyvenimą J. Basanavičius savo pastangomis bei kitų padedamas sukaupė didžiulę lietuvių tautosakos biblioteką, kurią dabar sudaro 15 tomų, Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto išleistų 1993-2004 m. Juose pateikta J. Basanavičiaus surinkta tautosakos medžiaga ir tyrinėjimai. Jo paskelbta tautosaka buvo užrašyta įvairiose vietovėse, bet daugiausia pažymėta yra jo gimtinė, t. y. Ožkabaliai ir jų apylinkės. Rinko ir užrašinėjo pats J. Basanavičius bei kiti žmonės, domėjęsi kalba (Matas Slančiauskas, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Julija Žymantienė-Žemaitė, Vilius Kalvaitis ir kt.). Vienas šių tomų yra skirtas lietuvių liaudies burtams, užkalbėjimams ir prietarams, pavadintas paties J.Basanavičiaus sugalvotu pavadinimu-,,Juodoji knyga" (2004, toliau-JK). ,,Juodojoje knygoje" esanti tautosaka rinkta XIX a. pab.-XX a. prad. Tautosakos rinkimą sunkino spaudos draudimas bei besikeičiančios žmonių pažiūros-jaunoji karta vis mažiau betikėjo senosios tikėjimais, burtais, prietarais, tad senoliai jau to nė nenorėjo pasakoti. Suprantama, jog spaudos draudimas dažnai vertė slėpti, kas ir kieno užrašyta, todėl liko daug neaiškumų. J. Basanavičiaus ,,Juodojoje knygoje'' pateikiami tekstai priklauso ne vienam žanrui. Vykdant tyrimą atsiribota nuo liaudiškų gydymų tekstų, etimologinių ir mitologinių sakmių, maldelių, giesmių, keiksmų, linkėjimų, laiminimų, garsų pamėgdžiojimų, burtų, užkalbėjimų ir panašių tekstų, kadangi tyrimo pagrindas-tikėjimai arba, kitaip vadinant, prietarai. Todėl jiems ir buvo skiriamas visas dėmesys. Tyrimui pasirinkta pasakymų

Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses études de la perception ont utilisé l&#39;écoute d&#39;un signal de parole comme tâche pour étudier l&#39;attention sélective en audition. Dans les tâches d&#39;écoute de voix concurrentes, l&#39;auditeur doit diriger sélectivement son attention vers l&#39;une des voix présentes. Ces tâches supposent que l&#39;auditeur maintient une attention constante sur la voix cible, tandis qu&#39;en situation réelle, l&#39;attention des auditeurs peut rapidement varier d&#39;une voix à une autre. Pour s&#39;approcher de situations plus réalistes, il est donc important de disposer de nouvelles méthodes permettant d&#39;inférer où se situait l&#39;attention auditive de l&#39;auditeur dans ces tâches d&#39;écoute de parole, isolée, ou en concurrence.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Nous avons donc développé un paradigme et un set de matériel permettant de contrôler l&#39;attention sélective au cours du temps. Après avoir écouté de brèves histoires, les participants ...

The aim of this paper is to show how prosody can provide a sufficient amount of information which allows recognizing the emotion of anger in a French spontaneous corpus for foreign learners of French. We present the results of a perception test carried on two groups of foreign ...

Lindvall-Östling, M., Deutschmann, M., Steinvall, A. (2019) “Oh It Was a Woman! Had I Known I Would Have Reacted Otherwise!”: Developing Digital Methods to Switch Identity-Related Properties in Order to Reveal Linguistic Stereotyping In: Sangeeta Bagga-Gupta, Giulia Messina Dahlberg and Ylva Lindberg (ed.), Virtual Sites as Learning Spaces: Critical Issues on Languaging Research in Changing Eduscapes (pp. 207-239). England: Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26929-6_8

Cet article traite des effets de la charge cognitive sur la fréquence fondamentale de pilotes de F-16 placés dans un scénario de vol de nuit. La charge cognitive a été estimée à l’aide de paramètres liés à la tâche (hétéro-évaluation), à l’individu (anxiété, auto-évaluation du stress ressenti) et à la situation (simulation contrôlée). Nos résultats montrent que l’écart mélodique est un bon candidat pour évaluer le niveau de la charge cognitive, même si la relation entre eux présente des profils individuels spécifiques. La création d’une typologie des situations de communication, l’adjonction d’autres indices acoustiques et le croisement avec des données physiologiques constituent les perspectives de cette étude.

Author(s): DuBois, Stefan | Advisor(s): Marques-Pascual, Laura; Gries, Stefan Th. | Abstract: Extensive literature demonstrates that, with extended contact and high integrative motivation, L2 speakers gradually acquire L2 nonstandard variation over time as a result of interaction with speakers of the target language (Dewaele a Regan 2001, Dewaele 2002, Nagy et al. 2003, Raish 2015, Salgado-Robles 2011). Yet, some learners fear that adopting nonstandard variation would be inauthentic (Kinginger and Farrell 2004, Ringer-Hilfinger 2012, Trosset 1986), and various pedagogical models and scholarly works advocate against the dangers of overaccommodation, arguing that native speakers expect language learners to set a linguistic target more socially prestigious than the vernacular common to the L1 community (Andreasson 1994, Auger a Valdman 1999, Christophersen 1973, Saville-Troike 2003, Valdman 1988). The question of how native speakers perceive L2 use of nonstandard variation has received...