Medieval Balkans

"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries.

Containing a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation.

Following is a comparison of sentences between the texts and the Macedonian
dialect of Bitola as spoken today.

16th cent., Kostur dialect
21st cent., Bitola dialect

Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostavi ni da spime, ela da jame, i da pieme, dol da pojdime, da rabotime.
Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostai ne da spiame, ela da jaime, i da piame, dolu da pojdime, da rabotime.

Imate hljap-o da kupime, imate vino da kupime, ot koja strana da pojdime vo
Bogasko.
Imate lep da kupime, imate vino da kupime, od koja strana da pojdime vo
Bogatsko.

As can be clearly noticed, most of the vocabulary and grammar is identical.
All of the elements that would later be required to rejuvinate the Macedonian people as they were shaking off centuries of subjugation, were present during this period. The language of the people had solidified, a tradition of heraldry and symbolism had developed which incorporated the emblem of a rapant lion and historical figures from Macedonia's past, and the churches continued preserve the local customs and serve as cultural centres for the population. The significance of all these elements together cannot be overstated, the language of medieval Macedonia is the same as the language of the Macedonians today. Unfortunately, only a small portion of the larger amount of Macedonian literature from the Middle Ages has survived, much of it being looted and destroyed by Greek-speaking officials, clerics and teachers. Nevertheless, Macedonian as a language reached its current form centuries before the creation of the Balkan states in the 19th and 20th centuries. "

Historians have long regarded Maurice Tiberius as the last Roman emperor who struggled to restore the stability of the Balkan provinces. This essay argues that a major financial crisis is responsible for the downfall of Maurice and the collapse of the Danube frontier after 602. Maurice inherited a depleted treasury and a war conducted on two fronts, in the Balkans and the East. A careful analysis of the emperor’s monetary policy during his long reign reveals a chronic shortage of cash, which the emperor tried to solve through a series of unsuccessful reforms. The body of coin finds from the Northern Balkans shows an abrupt decline in the coin supply during the second decade of Maurice’s reign, when Roman armies were once again active in the Danube region. The state’s inability to provide adequate supplies and regular payments to the soldiers led to the mutiny of 602. The emperor’s decision to force his army to spend the winter in enemy territory was simply the last straw that broke the soldiers’ loyalty to the emperor.

The notion of the change caused by smelting and melting technology during the 5th and 4th Millennium in the
Levant is not well understood. Chronological errors and socio-economic misconceptions have been shrouding a clear
view on the sequence of events and their interregional consequences. Surprisingly complex metallurgy started already in
the middle of the 5th Millennium BC and caused changes in social distinction, exchange systems and ideology. Other
technologies were not directly affected, but on the contrary, lithic technique and ceramic styles show great elaboration.
In a comparative approach the archaeological record of the Levant is compared to that of Southeastern Europe, and
several structural similarities are discussed. It is argued, that the chronological parallelism is an argument against an
autochthonous technical evaluation of the Balkan Peninsula, and that the social systems of both areas must have had
similarities, which made the new cast metal artefacts very attractive.

"In his recent book „The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean“ (Cambridge 2012), Ronnie Ellenblum argues that a series of climatic disasters in the 11th cent. led to the decline of polities in the Near East and prepared the ground for both the advance of the Seljuks and of the Crusaders into the region. Focused on the Byzantine case during the „Comnenian period“, this paper will critically review this hypothesis on the basis of both textual and natural scientific evidence and propose a more nuanced picture of the interplay between society, climate and environment in the Eastern Mediterranean from the 11th to the 13th century. As will become clear, neither the complexity of natural phenomena nor the complexity of medieval societies should be reduced to mere linear lines of causation.
This research was made possible with support of the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit-Foundation during a stay at the Institute for Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens.
The following pages provide a first short overview over some material to be presented and discussed in this lecture.
Contact: [email protected]
"

Ðàíåå íà ïðèìåðå äèãðàôíîãî è ëèãàòóðíîãî íàïèñàíèÿ t áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ïèñöû À, À, B è B Ñèíàéñêîé ïñàëòûðè áûëè êàíîíîöåíòðè÷íûìè (èñïðàâëÿëè ïðàâîïèñàíèå àíòèãðàôà, ñëåäóÿ ñîáñòâåííûì ïðàâèëàì), à ïèñöû B, B, C, C è D àíòèãðàôîöåíòðè÷íûìè (ñòðåìèëèñü ê òî÷íîìó êîïèðîâàíèþ îðèãèíàëà). Êíèaeíèê C îñòàëñÿ âíå êëàññèôèêàöèè èç-çà íåäîñòàòêà ìàòåðèàëà. Ïèñöû ýòîé ðóêîïèñè â îñíîâíîì óïîòðåáëÿþò íå ñòðî÷íóþ, à ïðîïèñíóþ áóêâó îòú (îìåãó), íî èñïîëüçóþò åå ïî-ðàçíîìó: îäíè À è B òîëüêî â ïðèñòàâêå è ïðåäëîãå otú(-), äðóãèå B, C è D òàêaeå â íà÷àëå èíûõ ñëîâ, íà÷èíàþùèõñÿ ãëàñíûì-î, à êíèaeíèêè A, B, B, C âîîáùå íå ïèøóò îìåãè. Ó÷èòûâàÿ óñòàíîâëåííîå ðàíåå ïîâåäåíèå êíèaeíèêîâ, ìîaeíî äóìàòü, ÷òî â àíòèãðàôå Ñèíàéñêîé ïñàëòûðè îìåãà èñïîëüçîâàëàñü â êà÷åñòâå çàãëàâíîé áóêâû ëþáîãî ñëîâà íà î-. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïèñöû À è B èñïðàâëÿëè îðôîãðàôèþ îðèãèíàëà, ââîäÿ íîâîå ïðàâèëî: èñïîëüçîâàòü áóêâó îòú â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ åå íàçâàíèåì òîëüêî â ïðèñòàâêå è ïðåäëîãå otú(-).

Zdenka Janeković Stjecanje Konavala: Antička tradicija i mit u službi diplomacije Dubrovačka općina je tijekom nekoliko stoljeća, korak po korak, gospodarskim utjecajem, diplomacijom i značajnim novčanim ulaganjima širila svoje područje. Grad stiješnjen brdima u zaleđu, ugrožen s kopna i s mora, morao se opasati novim područjima kako bi osigurao sebi opstanak. Od grada s najmanjim agerom u Dalmaciji nastao je grad-država okružen značajnim teritorijem. U ispravi iz 1253. godine dubrovačkom se djedinom naziva područje od Zatona do Cavtata. 1 Do kraja 14. stoljeća Dubrovnik je prilično uvećao svoje područje prema zapadu. U dubrovačku općinu ulaze otoci Lastovo i Mljet, potom Pelješac i Primorje. Počela je izgradnja stonskog i malostonskog obrambenog sustava koji će stoljećima ostati ključnom strateškom točkom obrane Republike. Dugotrajnom diplomatskom borbom, ta je važna točka spojena s gradom zadobivanjem Primorja, na samom kraju stoljeća. Time se dubrovačka općina osigurala od mogućeg prodora iz zaleđa na more, koji bi presjekao teritorijalni kontinuitet i ugrozio posjede na Pelješcu i u Stonu. Sljedeći cilj dubrovačke općine bilo je proširenje na sjever, prema Trebinju, Lugu i Bileći, te na jugoistok, ka Konavlima i Dračevici. 2 U vrijeme kada je mletačkim osvajanjem Dalmacije prekinut teritorijalni kontinuitet između Dubrovnika i Ugarske, bilo je osobito važno odmaknuti granice što dalje od grada. No, opetovani zahtjevi dubrovačke vlade za područjima na sjevetu, jednako kao i za za Dračevicom, Sutorinom, Novim i Risnom 1 B. Stulli, Dubrovačke odredbe o Konavlima I, Konavoski zbornik I, Dubrovnik 1982, 29-33. 123. F. Miklosich, Monumenta serbica spectantia historiam Serbiae, Bosnae et Ragusii, Viennae 1858, 35-40. 2 U pregovorima na ugarskom dvoru Dubrovčani su sva ta područja nazivali epidaurskom zemljom i pozivali se na pravo nasljeđa. "... Hora che la divina potencia ha conceduto a otigner tute le raxune di tituli de li soi regni et li domini di tuti i confini et assai pizu oltra, unde confidando nella remunerativa sua larghezza, recordemo et domandemo la posessione per famma de l'antiga cita dei predecessuri de nui suoi fideli, zoie Canale e Draziviza cum le sue raxone e confini..." Diplomatarium 202. Također vidi bilješku 33.

The paper presents a short review of historiography examining the Ottoman conquest of the Bosnian Kingdom in 1463, with an emphasis on opinions and evaluations of historians from the Ragusan writers and chroniclers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to the modern critical historiography.

Since the gradual expansion of the Ottoman Empire in South-Eastern Europe may be viewed as a single process, some historians wanted to draw a parallel between the Bosnian case and the examples of other states that fell under the Ottoman rule during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Even though the grounds for these comparisons are understandable, it is very difficult to learn anything from them. Circumstances to which individual rulers and their states, from the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia to other smaller or larger principalities, were subjected were essentially different. In these comparisons historiography has given a negative evaluation of Bosnia’s struggle and its rulers. Someone had to be responsible for the fall of the Kingdom and the blame was almost exclusively assigned to the last two Bosnian kings.

In line with the times in which they lived and contemporary historiographical trends, some historians attributed the quick fall of Bosnia to internal factors, such as conflicts within the state and the complex religious situation including the presence of heretics. The most commonly cited argument was the discord between the nobles and betrayal, even though the latter is mentioned in only one authentic contemporary diplomatic source. The work of these historians served as a basis for the myth of an easy and simple breakdown of the medieval Bosnian state in which the Bogomil betrayal played an important part. Contemporary critical historiography concluded that this myth was created by Bishop Nikola of Modruš, the papal legate in Bosnia, in order to justify his own wrong policy that hastened the unavoidable fall of the Kingdom.

Only a small number of historians studying this topic looked at the broader picture and took external as well as internal factors under consideration. This is especially evident in older literature which, inspired by patriotism, ethical values and the concept of heroism, paints a more negative image of Bosnia’s fall. If we consider all the available sources, and critically analyze those of Roman and Hungarian origin, we gain the impression of a rapid surge of the Ottoman army into Bosnia, intense fighting under Bobovac and other Bosnian fortresses, strong resistance of the defenders, destruction and mass deportations of population, general panic and emigration towards the Adriatic and the islands.

Even though the thesis that the defence of the Bosnian Kingdom during the last Ottoman attack faltered very quickly is not completely wrong, after the publication of new sources and results of historical research historians have reached the conclusion that Bosnia offered significant resistance in its battles against the Ottoman Empire. The final fall of Bosnia under Ottoman domination was in fact a result of numerous interconnected factors and signified the completion of a process begun with the first conflict between Bosnian and Ottoman troops in 1386. If we take into consideration the Ottoman policy towards Bosnia as well as the Ottoman conquering policy in South-Eastern Europe in general, we can see that Bosnia resisted strong pressure for a long time and that it had been “falling” under the Ottoman rule for almost 80 years.

У раду се расправља питање дипломатичке природе Свето-
стефанске хрисовуље сачуване у облику књиге. Оригинал Милутинове повеље није
нужно морао да буде обликован у виду свитка, а примерак који се сачувао могао би
да буде сам оригинал, уобличен тек пошто је архиепископ Никодим издао потврду,
најраније 1317. У другом одељку настоји се одговорити на питања када је, где и под
каквим околностима пронађена хрисовуља цара Душана за манастир Бањску.

Content

AD GLORIAM 

S. V. Beletsky, N. I. Platonova (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Anatoliy Nikolaevich Kirpichnikov. Life and Works17
L. M. Vseviov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
List of Scientific Works by A. N. Kirpichnikov27


WEAPONS AND MUNITIONS 

E. N. Nosov, N. V. Khvoshchinskaia (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Weapons from Rurikovo Gorodishche (excavations of 2011—2012)47
I. P. Vozny (Chernivtsi, Ukraine)
Shock Weapons during the 12th — Early 13th Centuries on the Territory of Northern Bukovina55
S. V. Beletsky (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
A Hatchet from Suzdal Opolye65
E. R. Mikhaylova (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Rider and Horse Equipment of Pskov Long Barrow Culture73
S. Yu. Kainov, Yu. A. Kuleshov (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Battle Half-masks of Eastern Europe in Light of Recent Findings and New Research83
A. V. Kurbatov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
What Was Olstra According to Written Sources and Archaeological Evidence99


HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS 

M. M. Kazanski (Paris, France)
Gelon with Falx: About Staftarms of the Great Migrations Period103
S. B. Sorochan (Kharkov, Ukraine)
Byzantine Military Forces in the Crimea in 6th—7th Centuries113
A. V. Fedoruk (Chernivtsi, Ukraine)
Artillery in the Great War of 1409—1411 (according to written sources and archaeological materials)133
V. L. Myts (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Armenian Community of Kaffa during the War with the Ottoman Turks in 1475149
P. E. Sorokin, V. N. Matveev, B. S. Korotkevich, K. A. Mikhailov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Assault on the Landskrona Fortress by Archaeological Data163


MONOGRAPH INSIDE THE JOURNAL 

V. P. Kirilko (Simferopol, Crimea)
Fortress Structures in the Medieval Alushta177


MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE 

G. G. Atanasov (Silistra, Bulgaria), N. D. Russev (Kishinev, Moldova)
Fortress Gate of the Early Byzantine Dorostol and the Medieval Drăstăr (6th—10th cc. AD)247
N. Yu. Skripinskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Yamburg Bastion System249
A. I. Saksa (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
The Old Cathedral in Vyborg — a Unique Object of Cultural Heritage261


SIGNS OF TIME 

M. V. Ivashchenko (Saratov, Russian Federation)
Ceramic Stamps from Chersonesos “Nymphaeum”273
L. S. Klejn (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Rus’ in the System of Ethnonyms as a Clue to the Origin of the Term283
A. G. Shpilev (Kursk, Russian Federation)
Rings with Christian Symbols of the Late 10th — 17th cc. from Kursk Region287


TALENTS AND LEPTA OF THE ANTIQUITY 

E. Ya. Turovsky (Sevastopol, Crimea)
Monetary Business of Chersonesos: between Mithridates Eupator and Emperor Tiberius (63 BC — 37 AD)307
L. V. Nosova (Odessa, Ukraine)
Tyras in the Middle of the 1st Century AD: Political History by Numismatic Data315


HARD FLOWERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 

G. Yu. Starodubtsev (Kursk, Russian Federation)
Russian Coins in the Last Quarter of the 10th — first half of the 11th Centuries and Russian Monetary Circulation331
A. V. Crivenco (Tiraspol, Moldova)
Serbian Medieval Coins Found on the Territory between the Rivers Prut and Dniester341
N. A. Alekseienko (Sevastopol, Crimea), L. V. Dergaciova (Kishinev, Moldova), Ju. A. Tzepkov (Sevastopol, Crimea)
New Findings of Moldavian Coins From the South-Western Crimea349


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

List of Abbreviations361
Submissions365

У раду ће бити анализирани подаци које пружају житија о чудесним излечењима на гробовима српских светитеља током средњег века. Описи исцељења које дају поменути извори омогућиће нам и да увидимо на који начин су се преплитали религија и медицина. Увидећемо уједно и које болести су сматране за најтеже у српској средњовековној средини.

The identification of deviant burials as those of ‘vampires’ is a feature of excavated skeletons from sites across Eastern, Central and Southern Europe as well as the Balkans. Based on a close reading of historic and folkloric sources researchers have sought to match features of excavated sites with narrative descriptions drawn from vampire legend and myth. This study critically reviews the recent claims based on sites in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Poland and Slovakia. Whilst it is found that there was a widespread belief in vampires across Europe, it is argued that it is difficult to make absolute claims for ‘vampire’ burials on archaeological grounds as in most cases there are alternate and equally compelling interpretations of the data.

KEYWORDS
ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY, SIXTEENTH CENTURY, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, VAMPIRE, DEVIANT BURIAL, PLAGUE, BLACK DEATH, FOLKLORE, PAGAN, BURIAL, WITCH, BALKANS, EASTERN EUROPE, CENTRAL EUROPE, SOUTHERN EUROPE, BULGARIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, POLAND, GREECE, ITALY, SLOVAKIA, LESBOS, VENICE, APOTROPAIC, VAMPIRIDZHIJA, PERPERIKON, SOZOPOL, PROSTEJOV, CELAKOVICE, DRAWSKO, GLIWICI, SOUTHWELL, KILTEASHEEN, LAZZARETTO NUOVO, NACHTZEHRER, KAMIEN POMORSKI

Based on sources and literature, the paper elaborates on the destiny of a part of the Bosnian nobility after the fall of the medieval Kingdom of Bosnia. During the Turkish campaign in 1463, the upper stratum of the Bosnian nobility, with rare exceptions, mainly disappeared from the historical scene. A similar destiny befell a significant number of members of the lower nobility who were killed, executed, taken into captivity or fled Bosnia to the territories of the surrounding countries. Some of them, mainly members of the petty nobility, entered into the Turkish service and became part of the Turkish feudal system. In time, some of them accepted Islam.

Stjepan II Kotromanic was the first Bosnian ruler that extends his rule to the shores of the Adriatic Sea. The paper treats this important and crucial part of Bos nian medieval history that took place in 1326. In addition to the course of events that ultimately resulted in Bosnia's access to the sea, the preconditions and consequences were also taken into account. To a lesser extent, in addition to politics, economic his tory is also treated, i.e. those aspects of it that are important for this topic.

En 1348, à Prilep, Stefan Dušan, „empereur très pieux des Serbes, des Grecs et du littoral“, a délivré un chrysobulle à la cellule de Saint-Sabbas de Jérusalem à Karyès. Après une décription de sa visite au monastère de Chilandar et à Karyès, l’empereur informe qu’il fait don à la cellule de Karyès du village de Kosorići en Metohija avec quatre hameaux (Dnepolje, Doljani, Češkovo et Čelopeci) et d’un revenu annuel de 100 perpères vénitiens pris sur le trésor de la cour, et à l’hôpital de Chilandar d’un lieu de pêche (orkinjarije) près de l’église Maslica. Ce chrysobulle n’est conservé que sous forme de copies tardives.

O sedamdesetgodišnjici Sime Ćirkovića (1929) najsumarnije prikazivanje njegova života i djela svodilo bi se, uz upotrebu obilja epiteta, na predstavu jednog od najvećih južnoslavenskih historičara današnjice. Bibliografija s preko 300 stručnih radova medievalnog predznaka, s desetinom zasebnih izdanja, uvrštava ga među najplodnije autore. Prepoznatljiva obrada Stjepana Vukčića Kosače, "Istorija srednjovjekovne bosanske države", pristupi Crkvi bosanskoj, historiji Srbije, metodologiji i historiji historiografije ukazuju na širinu tematskih okvira i prodorne rezultate. Radni vijek proveden sa studentima, odgoj generacija naučnih radnika, kreiranje razvoja nauke i aktualni aktivni rad u struci, omeđivao bi definiranje početka i naziranje sredine skice, a eventualnom kraju, pokazale bi i površne analize, pripadalo bi smještanje Ćirkovića u galeriju istaknutih djelatnika savremenog doba. Na jednom od mjesta gdje bi se mogli praviti svakovrsni presjeci Ćirkovićeva djela, horizontalno i vertikalno sagledavati pristup, razumjeti i definitivno, mnogo naučiti o srednjovjekovlju, je i Ćirkovićeva najnovija knjiga Rabotnici. vojnici, duhovnici. Društva srednjovekovnog Balkana. Ona predstavlja izbor radova u kojima je Ćirković obrađivao društvo, privredu i kulturu jugoistoka Evrope, Bosne i Srbije u srednjem vijeku, kroz skoro četiri decenije svoga života. Prateća "Reč autora. Pred nasleđem srpske medievistike sredinom XX veka", sažeti je pregled razvoja srpske historiografije, čime se Ćirković temeljitije bavi u posljednje vrijeme. Idući od najranijeg i

In their centuries-long struggle against oppression the Macedonian people and their valiant leaders are highly esteemed for their contribution to the history of the Balkans, which have had, and still have, so much influence on the course of the events in Europe.

"The Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, as we read it, is already the literary place of a cultural encounter
over centuries between an old Germanic heroic story and the Christian culture of the writer, a novel
of our days which re-uses the story is the continuation of a tradition already inscribed in the old
poem. But in the poem another main cultural encounter takes place. If a culture can, or can try to,
define itself and narrate its own survival through its hero, a hero needs an antagonist to define itself:
Beowulf’s antagonist is the well-known monster called Grendel. The article focuses on the
encounter with the otherness represented by Grendel in the original Beowulf and on how it changes
in its rewriting 'Eater of the Dead' by Michael Crichton (1997): from the threat morally and ethically
posed of the medieval poem to the contemporary anthropological threat revealing our fear for
previous stages of evolution. Crichton’s novel combines Beowulf’s story with Ibn Fadlan’s account
of his journey among the Bulghars, which gives the novel a geographical and multi-cultural
approach that was absent in the Anglo-Saxon poem. An epic poem is always a literary space where
cultural encounters take place, but these encounters have to change their features to be felt as
relevant in another time and in another culture."

There is not substantial reserve that in entire medieval epoch captured warriors and abducted non-combatants have been used as means of extracting the military, political and economic benefits. It is well acknowledged that practices concerning prisoners of war depend on the selected goals as well as the course of the conflict and attitude towards own warriors and subjects captured by the rival power. The fate of early medieval war-captives caught up in enemy's hands during the clashes between Bulgaria and Byzantium makes no exeption. Along with this, it looks as if there are enough things to add. For example, the exchange of prisoners of war is one of the most important features which need further specification and analyses. The impact of such a practice on the Byzantino-Bulgarian relations still is unstudied enough. Even scarce and almost totally ignored is the attention to the legal status of Byzantine subjects who were taken into captivity by Bulga-rians. In this sense, the scientific interest within the scope of me-tioned topics is an inseparable part of the efforts to give more density and depth of knowledge for the early medieval past of the Balkans.

The modelling and visualisation of networks is based on the material in: M. Mullett, Theophylact of Ochrid. Reading the Letters of a Byzantine Archbishop. Birmingham 1997.

The first graph is a visualisation of the connections between letters in localities between which these letters were exchanged (" 2mode network").

The second graph is a visualisation of the weighted network of localities on the basis of Theophylact´s correspondence; two localities are connected if letters of Theophylact were exchanged between them. Links are scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them.

The third graph visualises these connections between localities on a map. Links are again scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them. The size of nodes is scaled according to their number of connections within the network ("degree").

The fourth graph is a "zoom" into these geographical visualisation of the network for the Western Balkans; links are again scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them.

For the localisation of sites within the historical region of Macedonia cf. also the upcoming volumes on Macedonia (Southern Part) by Peter Soustal and on Macedonia (Northern Part) by Mihailo Popovic within the series "Tabula Imperii Byzantini" (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/imafo/die-abteilungen/byzanzforschung/communities-landscapes/historische-geographie/)

For any further questions, please contact [email protected].

В книгу вошли статьи и развернутые рецензии 1998–2009 годов. Все ранее публиковавшиеся статьи были заново переработаны, но в текст рецензий были внесены лишь минимальные исправления. Одна статья публикуется впервые. Том состоит из четырех разделов: 1) кирилло-мефодиевистика представлена исследованиями, посвященными литературной параллели к гл. 6 Пространного жития Кирилла Философа («Бог наш – как морская глубина»), агиографическим сведениям о деятельности Мефодия в монастыре Полихрон и отражению в произведениях кирилло-мефодиевского цикла прения римского папы Сильвестра I с раввином Замбрием; 2) древнеболгарский раздел составили работы о развитии письменной культуры Восточной Болгарии до 971 года; структурных особенностях Типографского кодекса № 14, содержащего Саввину книгу; редких лексических вариантах Ватиканского палимпсеста; отождествлению еще четырех листов из Драгиина четвероевангелия, а также рецензии на два издания: Греческо-славянский конкорданс к древнейшим спискам славянского Евангелия и Комментированный указатель к Ассеманиеву евангелию; 3) древнесербский раздел представляет результаты изучения аномальной нумерации чтений после Пятидесятницы в полноапракосном евангелии № 8 Хиландарского монастыря; происхождения, особенностей языка и структуры столпного апракоса Равулы (ок. 1353 г.) и бывшей рукописи белградской Народной библиотеки (октоиха 1353 г.) в Гарварде; 4) древнерусский раздел содержит статью о происхождении названия Пролога и две рецензии: на книгу Ф. Томсона «Рецепция византийской культуры в средневековой Руси» и на исследование Л. Стенсланда о древнерусской толковой азбуке.

A 12th-13th-century A.D. ceramic assemblage from Alexander’s Hill at Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey provides new evidence for the typo-chronological study of Byzantine pottery. A functional analysis of the assemblage, along with textual and iconographic evidence, archaeozoological and palynological analyses, and chemical analysis of cooking-pot residues, contributes to the reconstruction of diet and cooking practices in Anatolia. While baked fish, vegetables, pulses, and bread are usually regarded as the staples of Byzantine peasant cuisine, diners at Sagalassos were enjoying beef stews before the Fourth Crusade, when the technique of stewing meat was allegedly introduced to the eastern Mediterranean from the West.

Tekst je objavljen kao pogovor knjizi "Drevna Bosna" (Matica bošnjačka, Novi pazar 2017) Muamera Zukorlića.
Zukorlićeva knjiga prat etnogenetski razvoj balkanskih noroda, vjersku sveprisutnost na tom prostoru, državotvornost Bosne, jezički i kulturni identitet Bošnjaka u periodu do dolaska Osmanlija, što je ujedno i najmanje istraživani dio naše historije.