Politics of natural resources

The Midnight / The Veil: Unmasking Africa’s Betrayal, Awakening Africa’s Destiny (2025) is a powerful manifesto by Adrianus Andrew Muganga (Ramadan) and Leonard Sachi Ngelela. It confronts the illusion of African independence, arguing that colonialism never ended but re-emerged through corrupt elites and global systems of exploitation. The book dismantles the “propaganda of poverty,” showing that Africa is not poor but plundered — rich in resources, land, and youth, yet trapped by betrayal and division. Blending history, data, and prophetic prose, the authors call for unity through the vision of the United Nations of Africa — one currency, one army, one parliament, one destiny. At its core, the work is both an indictment of false freedom and a rallying cry to Africa’s youth and diaspora to awaken, rise, and fulfill the unfinished dream of liberation and continental unity.

Indian corporate culture is a complex and contradictory structure, deeply rooted in the country's feudal legacy and colonial past. This dual nature gives rise to a system of operations that, while superficially modern, harbors hierarchy, discrimination, and undemocratic feudal values. This article attempts to critically analyze this culture and examine its historical background. It also highlights current problems and offers practical suggestions for a more humane and alternative positive corporate future.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects global oil demand to start a slow decline over the next decade, driven by rising renewable energy use and the electrification of transportation and heating. This article explores how declining oil demand may affect political stability in oilrich Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. While many of them remain among the world's lowest-cost producers, falling prices could strain their public finances. If oil revenues decline structurally, some regimes may struggle to fund public services and maintain legitimacy. Governments face a choice: delay socioeconomic reforms to avoid short-term unrest-risking long-term vulnerabilitiesor pursue disruptive changes to build longterm resilience. Striking a balance will be a major challenge for oil-rich MENA countries in the coming decade.

If we analyze the discourses on regionalism or for that matter, movements along regional spirit and consciousness, in India or even while trying to make sense of such a tendency, people are taken aback given that it is seen and understood as something against the unity and integrity of the nation or being 'divisive' 'separatist' and 'parochial' and therefore, 'anti-national'. However, we may find that from a long time, even during the period of British colonialism, regional forces have had their impact at the level of organization of political system in their own ways. Needless to recall that when the Britishers entered India, they could sense the regional variations very well and therefore, established 'divide and rule' policy to suit their administration as well as to be fitted to the regional demands and peculiarities. It is, no wonder therefore, to find that the anticolonial freedom struggle was not a process free of contradictions and variations over different regions. The fact of the matter was that the 'national' issue, namely, to establish a free independent and sovereign India superseded all the so-called 'parochial' claims of various regions and their demands. And it is, needless to say that these regional interests and demands, which were subdued during the freedom struggle found an expression and were articulated even within the first decade of India's independence, which has, in fact, grown both in its number and its intensity with every passage of time, which are reflected in various regional movements, over the period. In this paper, we discuss such a movement taking its stride with every passage of day, in the western part of Odishaboth in its historical as well as contemporary contexts. Taking a major point of departure, we suggest that it is rather high time to understand, analyze these movements and also to change the terms of our discourse such that 'region' and 'nation' or for that matter, 'regionalism' and nationalism' should not be seen as counter to one another. Contrary to this, what is suggested here is to see them only as a matter of degree and more as a part and parcel of a continuum. We make an attempt here to bring out what have been the historical causes which have given birth to such a tendency and the contours and trajectories that such a movement is going through over the period, including the current state of affairs as regards Kosal Movement, which is increasingly becoming so vociferous that we can hardly ignore it-either as an observer, as an analyst or as an activist-for or against the call for a separate state in Western Odisha.

The main objective of the present chapter is to situate our area of study in an historical perspective. The Kosal movement which is calling for a separate state of its own is being mobilized by the people located in the western part of Odisha. 'Western Odisha', in common parlance, refers to the four undivided districts of Kalahandi, Bolangir, Sambalpur and Sundargarh. Recognizing their common culture and common fate of being poor, backward and underdeveloped, the Government of Orissa constituted a special agency for their "accelerated development and advancement" which is known as 'Western Odisha Development Council' (WODC). 1 The main objectives and functions of the Council from its very inception have been to prepare appropriate long term and shot term plans and programmes for the removal of developmental imbalances between different districts within the Council area, keeping in view the overall levels of development of the State. 2 It also suggests long term measures for removal of imbalances as aforesaid and ensures optimal utilization of available resources for removal of such imbalances, keeping in view the potentialities of different districts within the Council area and the ways and means position. Further, it formulates plans and programmes for equitable arrangements in providing adequate facilities for technical, educational and vocational training for the purpose of creating sufficient opportunity for employment in services under the control of the government within the Council area. The four (4) Districts comprising the area of the Council, as a consequence of reorganization of Districts in Orissa in 1993 now consist of Kalahandi,

This article explores the forest-based livelihoods of tribal communities in Thuamul Rampur, a block within Odisha's Kalahandi district, from an anthropological lens. Emphasizing how these communities interact with their natural environment, the article delves into the socioeconomic , cultural, and ecological significance of forest resources for these tribes. It highlights the traditional knowledge systems, resource management practices, and challenges these communities face due to external pressures on forest resources. The intricate relationship between tribal communities and forest ecosystems in Thuamul Rampur, a remote and predominantly tribal block in Kalahandi district, Odisha. The study adopts an anthropological approach to explore how these communities derive their livelihoods from the forest while maintaining a deep cultural and spiritual connection to their natural environment. Forests serve as a source of food, fuel, medicine, and materials for housing and tools. Beyond sustenance, they are deeply embedded in the cultural and religious practices of the tribes, shaping their identity and worldview. The piece underscores the tribes' traditional knowledge systems, including their sustainable practices of resource extraction, conservation methods, and communal management of forest resources. The article discusses the socioeconomic and ecological implications of forest dependence. It provides insights into how these communities navigate challenges, such as deforestation, climate change, and external pressures stemming from governmental policies, industrialization, and market demands. These pressures often lead to resource depletion and threaten the sustainability of forest-based livelihoods. By bringing forward the voices and experiences of the tribal people, the article sheds light on the need for inclusive policies that protect both the forest ecosystem and the rights of these communities. It argues for the recognition of indigenous knowledge in forest management and the importance of empowering these communities to make decisions about their resources. This anthropological perspective contributes to a broader understanding of the interdependence between tribal livelihoods and forest ecosystems, emphasizing the need for sustainable development initiatives that respect the ecological, cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of tribal life in Odisha.

This paper presents general guidelines to determine the feasibility of offshore petroleum projects in terms of field appraisal, subsurface development planning, and facilities options. It also illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of various tasks and includes examples for illustration. The emphasis is on oil fields, particularly marginal fields.

Summary This paper presents general guidelines to determine the feasibility of offshore petroleum projects in terms of field appraisal, subsurface development planning, and facilities options. It also illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of various tasks and includes examples for illustration. The emphasis is on oil fields, particularly marginal fields. Introduction The life of every oil and gas field begins with its discovery. Almost immediately, we want to know what its potential is (in terms of reserves and monetary value) and what the development options are in terms of subsurface plan and facilities. To answer these questions, a systematic approach is required to evaluate the discovery, to forecast the reservoir behavior under expected producing conditions, and to design the optimum facilities to meet forecasted production. This paper outlines the required process for studying the feasibility of developing offshore petroleum fields. A petroleum development project typically...

Oil and gas exploration in Malawi is a new phenomenon. Six exploration blocks have been delineated and exploration licences issued. There is need to understand the process of exploration, development and revenue structure for government. Challenges of finding economic deposits exist due to the nature of geotechnical environment. Revenue transparency and utilisation will play a big role to avoid resource curse.

Chhattisgarh’s tribal heartlands are witnessing a state-sanctioned massacre under "Operation Kaagar," a military offensive masking corporate land grabs and resource extraction. Over 140 tribal civilians have been killed in just three months—more than half of last year’s total fatalities—as security forces, incentivized by Rs.25 lakh bounties per "Naxal" kill, brand unarmed Adivasis as insurgents. The state has militarized forests with 182 new camps, imposed Gaza-style drone surveillance, and escalated violence in mineral-rich zones to displace communities. Despite Chhattisgarh holding 20% of India’s coal and 30% of its iron ore, tribal regions face 40% child malnutrition and 66% water scarcity, while profits from mining (Rs. 30,000 crore annually) bypass locals. This systemic violence violates constitutional protections like the Fifth Schedule and bypasses Gram Sabha consent, exposing Operation Kaagar as a corporate-land grab disguised as counterinsurgency. The essay demands an immediate end to military operations, accountability for security forces, and adherence to tribal rights. It urges public solidarity to halt this genocidal displacement, framing the struggle as a fight for justice, dignity, and survival.

The organizational cynicism can be defined as negative behavior of a person who works for an organization. This study, aims to develop a scale focusing ''organizational cynicism for the primary teachers''. The set of the data is discussed suitability for the factor analysis before making for factor analysis for the scale. In the analysis, the KMO value is determined as .88 and the KMO value, as .88 > .50. Therefore, the data set is suitable for factor analysis. Later, the result of the Barlett test was conducted to test, whether it is valuable or not. And data set is found to be, suitable for factor analysis. The eleven items, which are under the value of .30, were taken out of the scale. The value of the Organizational Cynicism Scale for Teachers is observed to be higher than 1.00 value about 4 factored. The scale explains totally variant is .59 with 4 factors. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient is .89 for the all scale.

Purpose - This study aims to present the factors affecting and comparing the difference in community acceptance between groups of survey from the perspective of Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT).
Design/methodology/approach – This study presents a quantitative method through conducting survey of 152 local residents across three provinces in Viet Nam.
Findings – This study examines the new approach of “reason for” and “reason against” community acceptance within the context of wind energy development in Viet Nam. This study also suggests that “reason for” have a positive impact on the local community; however, issues like noise and shadow cast by turbine blades are significant challenges that contribute to the “reason against” acceptance. This study findings provide evidence of the importance of location and socio - economic impacts in influencing community acceptance and can give some feedback for local policymakers in Vietnam’s energy sector as they implement wind projects in potential areas.
Originality/value – To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first empirical study conducted across three Vietnamese provinces on community acceptance of onshore wind energy. The integration of literature on socio-acceptance with BRT in energy research contributes valuable insights to the fields of energy behavior and energy policy research.

This essay examines the organizational structure and influence of the Vietnamese Communist Party, focusing on its four central offices-the Central Party Office, the State President's Office, the Office of Government, and the Office of the National Assembly. These offices coordinate the functions of the Party's highest leadership and government bodies, reflecting the overlapping roles of the Party and the state. The essay explores the limited public access to government financial data, highlighting the Vietnamese government's strategy of controlling public finance information to maintain its authority.

Bu çalışma G. Polat'ın E. Karadağ danışmanlığında tamamladığı "Yükseköğretim örgütlerinde güç bağlamında akademik dışlanmışlık kavramının incelenmesi" başlıklı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir. *This study was produced from the doctoral thesis titled "Examination of academic exclusion in the context of power in higher education institutions" completed by G. Polat under the supervision of E. Karadağ.

With the expansion of large-scale forest plantations in developing countries, concerns are rising about their relation and integration with adjacent local communities. Local participation in forest governance can potentially affect the distributional effects of plantations' benefits and mitigate their adverse effects. Using data from villages adjacent to plantations in Tanzania and Mozambique, we explore differences in local participation between plantations Our quantitative analyses show that households in villages adjacent to private certified plantations are more likely to have a say in the activities of the plantations than households in villages adjacent to non-certified or state owned plantations. We use insights from access theory to explain our findings: private plantations may have more incentives to involve local people to guarantee their investments in plantations than state-owned plantations. Certification requirements may also strengthen these incentives by requiring plantations to identify and uphold customary rights of local communities. We further found that some social groups (male-headed, more educated and plantation workers) are more likely to have a say in plantations' activities than their counterparts. We emphasize that increased and fair local participation in governance of plantations is vital in terms of the sustainability of large-scale plantations and integrating them in rural landscapes.

Günümüzde pek çok örgüt eskisinden çok daha fazla kendini değiştirmek ve hatta dönüştürmek zorunda kalmaktadır. Eğitim örgütü olan okullar da hem iç hem de dış faktörlerin etkisi ile doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak değişime zorlanmaktadırlar. Değişim baskısını sıklıkla yaşayan okul örgütlerinde öğretmenlerin ve okul yöneticilerinin görece yeni bir kavram olan 'değişim sinizmi' ve buna etki eden değişkenlerinin çalışılması hem uygulamada hem de kuramda alana katkı sağlayabilir. Bu görüşle, bu araştırmada meslek liselerinde öğretmen ve okul yöneticilerinin değişim sinizmi düzeyleri ve buna etki eden demografik ve kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde olup çalışma evreni Isparta ilinde 2021/2022 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı bünyesinde, meslek liselerinde görev yapan öğretmen ve okul yöneticilerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada Tülübaş ve Göktürk (2021) tarafından geliştirilen "Örgütsel Değişim Sinizmi Ölçeği" ile Gençöz (2000) tarafından geliştirilen "Pozitif-Negatif Duygu Durumu Ölçeği" kullanılmış ve toplam 190 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde T testi, tek ve çift yönlü varyans analizi ile değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin ve etkilerin analizi için de korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere göre öğretmenlerin ve okul yöneticilerinin örgütsel değişim sinizmi algıları ile çalıştıkları meslek lisesi türü arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca duygu durumunun değişim sinizmini anlamlı olarak yordamadığı görülmüştür. Bu bulgular, değişim sinizminin doğuştan getirilen bir özellikten çok öğrenilmiş bir tutum olabileceği görüşünü desteklemektedir. Araştırma, gelecek çalışmaların okul örgütlerinde değişim sinizmi düzeyine etki edebilecek örgütsel değişkenlerin incelenmesinin gerekliliğine vurgu yapmaktadır.

Progressive law is a legal approach that focuses on understanding law as an instrument for achieving social justice, not just a tool for enforcing rigid norms or rules. In this context in Indonesia, the application of progressive law is very relevant considering the social dynamics and challenges faced by society, such as economic inequality, discrimination and injustice in the legal system. This article aims to analyze the role of progressive law in realizing social justice in Indonesia, by highlighting how this approach can provide solutions to social problems, the legal ideas or thoughts introduced by Satjipto Rahardjo. Through a legal approach that is more adaptive and responsive to social reality, progressive law is expected to be able to create a balance between applicable legal norms and the needs of society that continues to develop. This research also explores the challenges faced in implementing progressive law, such as cultural barriers, politics, and a judicial system that is still formalistic. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of legal reform that is more inclusive and pro-people to realize the goals of social justice in Indonesia.

As a metaphor of collective resistance to the "politically motivated assault by the majority nationalities on the economic rights of minority communities", resource control expresses the exponential challenge to the "politics of dispossession" of oil producing communities in the federation of Nigeria. The Nigerian federal system, as incisively articulated in the protest literature, embody the tyranny of the majority over hapless minority formations whose struggle for relevance constitute in generational terms a challenge to the "coercive presence" of the majority. The phenomenological exploration of this theme of hegemony in the Nigerian federalism has found multiple expressions in the works of Saro-Wiwa, Okonta and Douglas, Otite, Osaghae, Agbese and Suberu).

The book chapter examines the European Union's (EU) strategic response to challenges surrounding critical raw materials within a fragmenting global order. It highlights the EU's growing dependence on critical raw materials, essential for the green and digital transitions, and the geopolitical risks of reliance on major suppliers like China. The chapter traces the evolution of EU policies, from the 2008 Raw Materials Initiative to the 2024 Critical Raw Materials Act, showcasing a shift from economic concerns to security-focused strategies. Using interviews and policy analysis, it explores nationalist, Atlanticist, and Europeanist responses, emphasizing the EU's pursuit of resource sovereignty and strategic autonomy.

Penelitian ini mengkaji upaya rekonstruksi living law dalam konteks harmonisasi antara
hukum positif dan kearifan lokal di Indonesia melalui perspektif teori hukum Indonesia.
Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis
studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika dan tantangan dalam
mengintegrasikan sistem hukum formal dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang telah
mengakar dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dualisme hukum yang
terjadi telah menciptakan kesenjangan dalam implementasi hukum, namun dapat diatasi
melalui model harmonisasi hibrid yang mengombinasikan elemen formal dan informal.
Penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga faktor kunci keberhasilan rekonstruksi living law:
partisipasi masyarakat, dukungan kelembagaan, dan adaptabilitas sistem. Transformasi
paradigmatik dari sentralisme hukum menuju pluralisme hukum progresif diperlukan
untuk mewujudkan sistem hukum yang lebih responsif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan
pendekatan bottom-up dalam implementasi harmonisasi hukum, dengan penekanan pada
pengembangan kapasitas lembaga adat, kodifikasi selektif hukum adat, dan pembentukan
mekanisme mediasi antara sistem formal dan informal.
Kata Kunci: living law, kearifan lokal, harmonisasi hukum, pluralisme hukum, sistem
hukum Indonesia

Drawing on interviews with, and observations of, officials from Israel's Nature and Park Authority, fieldworkers from environmental and human rights nonprofits, and local Palestinian farmers, this article tells stories about springs in the occupied West Bank. Entangled with the physical decline of the springs' water supply and quality, it examines this waterworld also in a broader sense, which includes cultural, political, and religious-with a specific focus on legal-spring-related practices. After discussing the relevant water and land regimes within which springs exist, and their sociogeological uniqueness, I pause to tell the story of Ein Kelt-a desert spring on the way from Jerusalem to Jericho. Next, I move to discuss a variety of colonial dispossession tactics at work in the West Bank springs. In many cases, such tactics are performed by Jewish settlers with the tacit support of Israeli authorities. Inspired by legal geography scholarship on the coproduction of law and matter, I examine Israel's seemingly paradoxical preoccupation with the rule of law in the administration of springs in the occupied territories, what I refer to here as a hyperlegality, on the one hand, and its disregard of formal law in the face of settler misconduct at these sites, on the other hand. Complicating the story, I also describe recent spring-based practices of purification carried out by Jewish Hasidic groups. The springs newly emerge in this context as sites of recreation, pilgrimage, and purity. Simultaneously, they are becoming places of danger for the Palestinians and are increasingly figuring in the mobilization of Palestinian protest. After all is said and done, one is left wondering whether water is actually different from land and soil. Could springs possibly serve as an alternative socio-material foundation that moves away from traditional colonial regimes?

Most quantitative assessments of civil conflict draw on annual country-level data to determine a baseline hazard of conflict onset. The first problem with such analyses is that they ignore factors associated with the precipitation of violence, such as elections and natural disasters and other trigger mechanisms. Given that baseline hazards are relatively static, most of the temporal variation in risk is associated with such precipitating factors. The second problem with most quantitative analyses of conflict is that they assume that civil conflicts are distributed uniformly throughout the country. This is rarely the case; most intrastate armed conflicts take place in the periphery of the country, well away from the capital and often along international borders. Analysts fail to disaggregate temporally as well as spatially. While other contributions to this issue focus on the temporal aspect of conflict, this paper addresses the second issue: the spatial resolution of analysis. To ad...

The present study investigates the causes, patterns, and implications of the separatist movement in Mindanao of the Philippines. The research focuses on the causes of the separatist movement and the obstacles to attaining a lasting peace settlement in the Philippine south. The study further provides a detailed study of the role of the government, the separatist insurgent groups and third-party mediators in influencing the conflict. It also comparatively studies the peace agreements signed between the government and the insurgent groups since the 1970s, and their implications and limitations, and tries to chart out a comprehensive socioeconomic and political solution of the conflict.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin yönetimde kullandığı güç kaynaklarını öğretmen algıları üzerinden belirlemektir. Araştırma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde çalışmanın kapsamı hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ikinci bölümde güce ilişkin teorik çerçeve çizilmiş ve üçüncü bölümde ise, çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmaya yer verilmiştir.

Bu bağlamda yeni bir güç kaynakları ölçeği geliştirilmiş ve okul müdürlerinin güç kaynaklarının kullanım düzeyini test etmek amacıyla Ankara ili merkez ilçeleri sınırları içindeki 50 farklı okulda 1171 öğretmen tarafından bu anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler, SPSS istatistik programıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çözümlenen verilere dayalı bulgu ve yorumlardan sonuç ve öneriler çıkarılmıştır.

Öne çıkan sonuçlara göre, okul müdürleri daha çok yasal gücü ve deneyim bileşenli uzmanlık güçlerini kullanmakta, ayrıca meslek lisesi müdürleri dışındaki müdürler güç kaynaklarını etkin olarak kullanmamaktadırlar. Öneri olarak ise, okul müdürlerinin karizma gücü ve iletişim boyutunda eğitimlerle desteklenmeleri okul yönetimleri açısından faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Güç, Güç Kaynakları, Okul Müdürü, Güce Karşı Olası Tepkiler

Bu arastirma ogretmen algilarina gore okul yoneticilerinin sahip olduklari orgutsel guc kaynaklarinin duzeyini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Betimsel il iskisel tarama modelindeki arastirmanin evrenini 2016-2017 Egitim- Ogretim yilinda Şirnak ili merkez ve bagli koylerinde bulunan ilkokul ve ortaokullarda gorev yapan 755 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada ogretmen algilarina gore yoneticilerin orgutsel guc kaynaklarini belirlemek amaciyla 37 maddeden olusan "Orgutsel Guc Kaynaklari Olcegi (OGKO)" kullanilmistir. OGKO, Altinkurt ve Yilmaz (2013) tarafindan gelistirilmistir. Toplanan veriler istatistik analiz programi ile analiz edilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda arastirmaya katilan ogretmen algilarina gore, yoneticilerin en fazla yasal guc kullandiklari bulgulanmistir. Arastirmanin boyutlarindan biri olan ogretmenlerin demografik ozeliklerine gore alt boyutlarda anlamli farkliliklar oldugu gorulmektedir. Ayrica okul kulturunun yoneticilerin catisma yonetme stillerinin ...

The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the University of Dar es Salaam dissertation entitled: A History of Development Aid and Poverty Alleviation in Tanzania: A Case Study of Finnish Aid in Lindi and Mtwara Regions in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (History).

This study explores the effect of small-scale agricultural crop commercialisation on household food security in Liwale, Lindi. The study used a household survey data from a sample of 389 households that were collected in 2017. The Principal Component Analysis was used to develop the household food security index and the Cluster Analysis was used to assign the individual households to their respective clusters of food security index. The output side measure of commercialisation was used to develop crop commercialisation index, and lastly, the Ordered Logit Model was used to estimate the effect of commercialisation on food security. The average household food security index is 32%. The majority (64%) of the households were moderately food secured with an average food security index of 32.8% while only 16% of households were relatively more food secure than the rest and with average food security index of 49.1%. The average commercialisation of small-scale agricultural crops is 66%. The results from ordered logit estimation show that crop commercialisation, off-farm income, and access to extension services positively affect the level of household food security while credit negatively affects food security. The implication of the findings is that, small local processing factories should be established in rural areas to promote commercialisation, value addition and increase of market access and linkages to reduce post-harvest losses incurred as a result of poor storage technology and perishability.

So many factors led to the improvisation of Nigeria tracing from colonial antecedence to post- independence period. Ever since corruption has become an economy in Nigeria not only benefited by the political bourgeois but all social stratification in the composition of the geographical entity. From colonial, military regimes, and subsequent return to civilian rule saw the role played by Nigerian political potbelly’s in under-developing the country.

Eğitim, bireylerin, toplumların ve devletlerin gelişimini sağlayan en önemli unsurların başında
gelmektedir. Genç nesillerin doğru bir şekilde eğitiminin ve eğitimin önündeki engellerin kaldırılmasının
önemi her geçen gün biraz daha fazla anlaşılmaktadır. Eğitim ve öğretim sürecinin başarılı bir şekilde
uygulanmasının bireylere ve bireylerin çalışacakları kurumlara katkısı büyük olacaktır. Bu sebeple geleceğin
insan kaynağını teşkil eden üniversite öğrencilerinin gelecekteki çalışma yaşamlarını doğrudan etkileyeceği
düşünülen mevcut akademik başarıları, ele alınması gereken bir husus olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik özyeterlik algılarını ölçmek ve bu algıyı
zayıflattığı düşünülen örgütsel sinizm ile yine bu algıyı güçlendirdiği düşünülen örgütsel güvenin akademik
özyeterlik algıları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.
Araştırma Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören önlisans, lisans ve lisansüstü
öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu 441 kişilik bir örneklem üzerinde anket tekniği kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Elde
edilen veriler, SPSS 20 Programı kullanılarak keşifsel faktör, güvenilirlik, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri
vasıtasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre örgütsel güvenin iki boyutu öğrencilerin
birbirlerine güveni ve öğrencilerin yönetime güvenleri ile akademik özyeterlik algıları arasında pozitif yönlü
bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Aynı şekilde örgütsel sinizm boyutlarından bilişsel ve duyuşsal sinizm ile akademik
özyeterlik algıları arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Örgütsel sinizmin bir diğer boyutu
davranışsal sinizm ile akademik özyeterlik algısı arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. T-testi
sonuçlarına göre bazı demografik değişkenlerle (cinsiyet, program, üniversite eğitimi için gelinen yer)
akademik özyeterlik algısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmazken; Tukey testlerinde ise, akademik
özyeterlik algısı ile sınıf ve akademik not ortalaması değişkenlerinin anlamlı, yaş ve akademik birim
değişkenlerinin ise anlamsız ilişkileri saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda bulgular değerlendirilerek
yöneticilere, araştırmacılara ve gelecek araştırmalara ışık tutacak önerilere yer verilmiştir.

บทคดยอ การสบพนธแบบอาศยเพศของเชอราหลายชนดในสกล Aspergillus ไดถกคนพบเมอไมนานมาน การคนพบคณสมบตของการสบพนธแบบอาศยเพศดงกลาวกอใหเกดคำถามถงบทบาทสำคญของการสบพนธแบบอาศยเพศตอการอยรอดของเชอจลชพน ตลอดจนผลกระทบอยางมนยสำคญทางการแพทย อาทเชน การนำไปสความรนแรงในการกอโรคทมากขนหรอมความดอตอยาตานเชอรามากขน ในบรรดาเชอราในตระกล Aspergillus พบวา Aspergillus fumigatus เปนเชอราฉวยโอกาสทพบวามอบตการณสงสดในผปวยภมคมกนบกพรองโดยเฉพาะอยางยงในผปวยทมภาวะบกพรองเมดเลอดขาวชนด neutrophil (neutropenia) ซงการสบพนธแบบอาศยเพศของ A. fumigatus น มยนทเกยวของอยสองยน ไดแกยน mating type 1-1 ( MAT1-1 ) และยน mating type 1-2 ( MAT1-2 ) และตองอาศยกระบวนการ crossing ระหวางสายพนธทมชนดของยน mating type ทตางกน ทนาสนใจคอ จากการศกษาทผานมาพบวา ชนดของยน MAT มความสมพนธอยางมนยสำคญกบพยาธกำเนด เนองจากมปจจยกอโรค (virulence factor) หลายปจจยททำใหเชอ A. fumigatus มความสามารถในการกอโรคในมนษยได อาทเชน ความสามารถในการเกาะตดกบเซลลเยอบถงลมปอด ความสามารถในการลบหลกภมคมกนและความสามารถในการสรางไบโอฟลมในปอดเปนตน ดงนนการศกษาในครงน จงมวตถประสงคเพอตรวจสอบชนดของย...

 Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyinin algıladıkları örgütsel sinerjiye etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, çalışma genel tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi olasılıklı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan basit tesadüfi örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Örneklem 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Avcılar İlçesinde görev yapmakta olan 396 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Sinerji Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veriler JAMOVİ istatistik programında parametrik teknikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm tutumunun düşük düzeyde ve örgütsel sinerji algısının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin branşlarına, kıdemlerine ve yaşlarına göre örgütsel sinizm tutumlarında ve örgütsel sinerji algılarında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm tutumunun algıladıkları ör...

Economic, regulatory, and technological changes have steadily increased the oil and gas industry's need for an effective approach to assessing and managing the risk of well collisions. We have developed such an approach, which has been used successfully in recent years in a number of major land and offshore drilling projects worldwide. This approach has been adopted as a standard by the major oilfield service company of which we are a part. In this paper, we describe four recent experiences in which this standard has been applied, and discuss the challenges of its implementation and the economic, environmental, and health and safety benefits it provides. Based on its proven success, we make a case for using this approach as a foundation for development and adoption of an industry-wide anticollision and risk management standard.

This paper considers industry structure and the exploration perfonnance (by size class of operator) of finns searching for oil and gas in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. It also tracks the changes in industry structure that have occurred in response to a decline in the quality of remaining prospects in the area. Data presented indicate that because vertically integrated majors dominated in exploration in the early years of the Gulf of Mexico exploration history, they were able to discover 86 % of the total hydrocarbons discovered through 1975. However, the data also show a dynamic relationship between the structure of the industry operating in an area and the quality of remaining prospects. The relative share of both credited discoveries and wildcat wells of nonmajor operators has increased as exploration in the gulf proceeded. For example, in state-owned waters from 1951 to 1955, major finns accounted for 85 % of all wildcat wells drilled, whereas from 1971 to 1975 these finns accounted for only 30% of the wildcat wells. During these same two periods in the federal Gulf of Mexico, the majors' share of wildcats fell from 98% to 70%.

I am truly thankful to colleagues at the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG) and Mpingo Conservation and Development Initiative (MCDI). You invited me to work with you in your projects, granting me access to your documents, meetings, personnel and other facilities as we collectively worked to understand REDD+ and how best to implement it on the ground. You provided me with valuable participant and non-participant observation opportunities. I never felt like an outsider interviewing participants. From TFCG: Abidi (the driver who always and politely reminded me to pray and thank Allah for everything), dada Betty (always smiling), Nike

Two decades ago, the world witnessed massive mobilizations against the destructive impacts of neo-liberal globalization, leading to a vital conversation about alternatives to this prevailing development model. The first World Social Forum (WSF) was held in Porto Alegre in Brazil in 2001 and served as a space for diverse social movements, community campaigns, trade unions, youth organizations, academia, and others to congregate and collaborate.
The last WSF (2023) was held online from 23 to 31 January 2023 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, with the theme of "Another World is Possible: People, Planet, Peace over Profit" It also marked the 20th anniversary of the WSF process and the launch of a new phase of mobilization and convergence for global justice.
This time, Nepal is hosting WSF 2024 in the city of Kathmandu. Nepal stands as a democratic nation with a constitutional commitment to socialism orientation. With the pledge of ‘Another world is possible’ the WSF emerges as a beacon of hope, more essential than ever before.  Together with a belief that another world is possible and necessary, we must fight through a mesh of alliances for justice, peace, equity, and the protection of nature and our planet.

This study investigates the pivotal role played by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in uplifting tribal communities in Jharkhand. Jharkhand is characterized by a substantial tribal population that has endured historical marginalization, socioeconomic disparities, and limited access to fundamental amenities. Against this backdrop, NGOs have emerged as vital stakeholders, actively engaged in tackling the complex challenges confronting tribal communities and facilitating their holistic development. By conducting an extensive examination of relevant literature and case studies, this research illuminates the noteworthy influence of NGOs on the upliftment of tribes in Jharkhand. The study highlights the significance of local engagement, community empowerment, and comprehensive strategies, offering valuable insights to policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders who are dedicated to implementing development initiatives aimed at tribal communities. This study emphasizes the crucial role that NGOs play in tackling socioeconomic disparities and enhancing the overall welfare of tribal communities in Jharkhand. The interventions carried out by these organizations have not only resulted in positive transformations in the lives of marginalized individuals but have also laid the foundation for sustainable and inclusive development in the region. Nevertheless, further research and collaboration are required to bolster the effectiveness and long-term impact of NGO initiatives in uplifting tribes in Jharkhand.

The fisher-folk families of East Pakistan (subsequent Bangladesh) came to India before and after the Partition in 1947. Most refugees or displaced persons were rehabilitated in different Indian states, viz., Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam etc. But, due to the ecological question, some of them came to the Sundarbans areas to fulfill their inner urge for their traditional occupation, fishing. Moreover, throughout the 1960s, and 70s, other migrated fisher-folk came to different parts of Sundarbans for the same reason. With their arrival, how did the traditional fishing change, and how did marine fishing have been taken into account in the south-western part of Sundarbans, i.e., Kakdwip, Namkhana?

Nigeria’s politics has been defined by considerable ethnic heterogeneity – and abundant ethnic conflict. Since reaching independence in 1960, Nigeria has been host to several ongoing civil conflicts often drawn along ethnic and regional lines. This has occurred despite several attempts at regional power-sharing mechanisms through various systems of federalism. This paper will argue that the dismantling and failure of true federalism in Nigeria is due to its’ plentiful oil resources. In fact, Nigeria can be seen as a prime example of the “resource curse”, a phenomenon where natural resource wealth leads to poor economic growth and development and an increased likelihood for civil conflict. Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its’ abundance and dependence on oil resources. While oil resources are not themselves a sufficient explanation of Nigeria’s ethnic conflict, they have hindered the practice of ‘true’ federalism and have posed a significant challenge to ...

This study was conducted in order to determine whether or not teachers’ humor styles predicted their perception of organizational cynicism. In accordance with this purpose, first of all the current situation was described and then, it was tried to determine at what level teachers’ humor styles predicted their perception of organizational cynicism. Besides, the sample of the study, which was designed as a survey model, consisted of 354 teachers working in the center of Kutahya province. The data was collected by using the Humor Styles Questionnaire and Organizational Cynicism Scale. For the data analysis descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were applied. The humor styles which teachers gave the highest scores were Affiliative Humor, Self-Enhancing Humor, Aggressive Humor and Self-Defeating Humor, respectively. In addition, the affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humor styles of teachers did not differ in terms of gender. In ter...

This paper examined the relationship between resource endowment and export diversification and its implication for economic growth in Nigeria based on data from 1981 to 2015. The result of the Granger causality test suggests that unidirectional causality runs from oil production to economic growth, while export diversification does not granger cause economic growth. From the error correction result, it was established that export diversification positively impacts growth from the last two periods, while in the current period, it has negative effect on growth. This means that the key issue with Nigerian economy might not be structural but institutional. That is, even if the economy is diversified, the expected result may still be a ruse without appropriate economic institutional reform. The study concludes that specialisation is preferred to diversification for Nigeria in the current circumstance. Hence, the key issue to sustain growth in Nigeria is not in the number of productive se...

An ever-expanding body of literature suggests the possible link between diasporas and the exacerbation of civil wars in their home countries. One of the most notable findings on the link between diaspora and armed conflict is derived from a set of arguments known as the Greed and Grievances Thesis. According to the said framework, a higher diasporic support to a homeland conflict is positively correlated with a higher incidence of civil war intractability. Applying this framework to the data on external support to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) insurgency from 1990-2008, the study notes that there is a lack of support from the Moro diaspora which forced the MILF to secure peace with the Philippine government. On the contrary, the increase in conflict activities during the insurgency can be qualitatively attributed to the economic and political support from hostile states and international terrorist networks that support the Moro insurgents against the Philippine government. The study concludes that there is an absence of substantial evidence on the role of the Moro diaspora in funding the insurgents due to other factors such as internal financing for the rebellion and the role of international actors in prolonging the Moro conflict.

This article seeks to advance understanding of the changing interconnections between rivers, infrastructure, and power relations as well as how these are increasingly shaped by a globalizing China and climate change. To do so, it analyzes damming practices in Cambodia and their evolution under a post-neoliberal, concessionary governing mode that materializes in enclaves of corporate authority under Chinese state-owned enterprises. Drawing from the literature on the political life of Chinese overseas infrastructure projects, this article develops the idea of ambiguously entangled enclaves. The focus is on the four most recent large-scale dams in Cambodia and the kinds of dis/connections, altered hydrosocial relations, and power dynamics they generate. The article highlights patterns of dis/entanglement that illuminate the role of Chinese infrastructural engagement in shaping new political-ecological relations and socio-spatial formations in Cambodia and beyond. It also adds insights into the multidimensional geography of enclavism in the Mekong Region.

Industrial mining in Canada's territorial north has produced negative social, economic, and environmental consequences for aboriginal communities in the region since the early twentieth century. Many of these historical impacts persist: toxic sites associated with abandoned mines located within aboriginal traditional territories have become a source of great concern in recent years. It is difficult, however, to analyze historic mining activity within the traditional siting debate that has dominated the environmental justice movement in North America, as mining companies invariably locate where economic ore bodies exist. Instead, we argue that northern mining conflicts might best be understood through a productive alliance of North American environmental justice with insights from political ecology, a sub-discipline that has traditionally focused on environmental injustices in Third World settings, particularly local conflicts over access to resources that originate with colonialism and the expansion of global capital. 2 Robert Bothwell. Eldorado: Canada's National Uranium Company.

This paper investigates how different types of anthropogenic resources could be classified under the United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources 2009 (UNFC-2009). Compared to geogenic resources, anthropogenic deposits are more heterogeneous and more scattered. They are created and altered by human activities via the production, consumption and disposal of materials and goods, and renewed over drastically shorter time spans than geogenic resources. Due to various dynamics the planning of mining activities is linked to high uncertainties. Also, anthropogenic deposits often must be assessed not only under aspects of resource recovery, but with respect to alternative waste treatment and disposal options. To map different types of anthropogenic materials onto the three UNFC-2009 axes, various factors influencing the classification have to be considered. The challenges and potentials associated with classifying diverse types of anthropogenic materials into UNFC-2009 are illustrated by qualitatively discussing the application to three different cases: Mining an old landfill, representing an obsolete stock, is compared to mining e-waste, an example for mining a waste flow, and to hypothetically mining in-use wind turbines (in-use stock). Understanding the heterogeneity of anthropogenic resources will help to systematically classify them under UNFC-2009. Ultimately, this will allow for a meaningful comparison of anthropogenic with geogenic mineral resources, promoting efficient resource use.

This article documents Adivasi resistance to the ‘loot’ of their land and resources since 1980, especially during the Kalinganagar movement in Odisha, roughly between 2004 and 2010, and the Pathalgadi movement in Jharkhand, between 2016 and 2018. Using the lens of trauma and testimony, the article represents a combined effort by Gladson Dungdung, an Adivasi activist, journalist, and writer who has borne witness to events during these years; Felix Padel, an anthropologist; and Vinita Damodaran, a historian. The land grabs are mainly oriented towards mining and metals production, justified in terms of ‘development’, which leaves many dead and destroys landscapes that Adivasis have cared about for countless generations.