![15 Jeong-Seok Kim (personal communication) points out the possibility that the CP undergoes movement to [Spec, vP] instead of the expletive it at this point. In terms of Phase (Chomsky 1995), however, the whole CP is not available to being copied. Consider (46a), which is repeated below: For the sideward movement, moving elements should be copied before Spell-Out (Nunes and Uriagereka 2000). The abstract structure above represents one work space at the point of the operation Copy. Along the lines of Chomsky, the C is Phase head so that TP is already spelled-out. Hence, the only candidate for sideward movement is expletive it, which is not spelled-out yet. 16 Following Nunes (2001), the superscripted indices indicate copies in this thesis.](https://figures.academia-assets.com/35783292/figure_001.jpg)
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Key research themes
1. How do angle and velocity affect the biomechanics and injury risk in sideward change of direction movements?
This research area investigates the biomechanical demands and injury risk factors associated with sideward movements involving changes of direction (COD) at different angles and approach velocities. It matters because optimizing performance and reducing injuries in multidirectional sports depend on understanding how these variables influence joint loading, ground reaction forces, muscle activation, and technical execution during sideward maneuvers.
Key finding: This comprehensive review established that the biomechanical demands of sideward CODs are both angle-dependent and velocity-dependent; sharper and faster cuts increase knee joint loading and risk of injury, requiring distinct... Read more
2. What neural mechanisms and hemispheric lateralization underpin motor lateralization and sideward movement control in vertebrates?
This theme explores brain hemispheric specialization and its expression in lateralized motor behaviors related to sideward movements. Understanding hemispheric dominance, lateralized righting responses, limb preference, and proprioceptive acuity enriches knowledge about motor control lateralization across species and provides insight into how these processes relate to movement asymmetries and affective states.
Key finding: This study identified behavioral lateralization in sheep responding to irregular and stressful floor rocking motions, revealing a prevalent use of the right hindlimb as a stabilizer and lateralized stepping patterns... Read more
Key finding: The study demonstrated a consistent lateralized righting response favoring right-side turns at both individual and population levels in tortoises, indicating motor asymmetries linked to brain lateralization in the reptilian... Read more
Key finding: Using fMRI during knee joint position sense tasks, this research found dominant right-limb individuals exhibited greater proprioceptive acuity with their non-dominant left knee, corresponding with right hemisphere activation... Read more
3. How do visual and somatosensory cues integrate to support perception and control of sideward movement during self-motion?
Research in this theme examines multisensory integration mechanisms, particularly optical flow in peripheral and central vision and proprioceptive inputs, that enable individuals to parse environmental object motion from self-motion. This is critical for safely navigating and adjusting sideward movements in dynamic contexts.
Key finding: The experiments demonstrated that peripheral optic flow generates flow parsing signals that bias the perceived trajectory of moving probes, proving that peripheral vision contributes significantly to parsing selfmotion... Read more
Key finding: This study showed that perception of object motion during self-motion depends on both visual self-motion information and non-visual cues (e.g., proprioception). Visual and non-visual information both modulate flow parsing... Read more
4. How do mechanical perturbations and force asymmetries affect coordination and control in bimanual and sideward movements?
This theme focuses on how external force fields and bodily asymmetries modulate stability, phase deviation, and variability during coordinated movements, including sideward and cross-limb motor tasks. Understanding these dynamics helps in modeling motor coordination under asymmetric load conditions relevant for rehabilitation and robotics.
Key finding: Applying symmetric (equal) elastic and viscous force fields to both arms yielded greater coordination stability and lower phase deviation during in-phase and anti-phase movements, whereas asymmetric force applications caused... Read more
Key finding: The study proposed a control algorithm accommodating vehicle asymmetry (different centers of mass and geometry) that ensures robust trajectory tracking under hydrodynamic disturbances. This advances understanding of how... Read more
5. What perceptual distortions and lateralized preferences affect sideward movement perception and execution?
This area investigates how perceptual illusions, directional biases (linked to handedness or reading habits), and limb preferences influence perception and execution of sideward movements. These insights have implications for interpreting motor asymmetries and designing interventions aimed at improving sideward movement accuracy.
Key finding: The research uncovered a novel tactile motion illusion on the arm whereby obliquely moving stimuli are misperceived with a systematic rotational bias absent on the hand. This anisotropic distortion suggests that somatosensory... Read more
Key finding: Left-handed individuals exhibited significant influence of reading and writing habits on their directional biases during horizontal figure drawing, unlike right-handers. This suggests that environmental factors interact with... Read more
Key finding: The study revealed that apparent motion influences the initial angle from which mental rotation proceeds, with ‘dragging’ effects aligning imagined rotation direction to perceived jumps. This cognitive bias in orientation... Read more
Key finding: Participants detected side-to-side timing asymmetries in facial movements with varying thresholds across regions, with blink timing asymmetry detected earliest and most impairing perceived naturalness. This suggests... Read more