Transnational migration

This study explores the intellectual and possibly personal connection between Prince Francis II Rákóczi, the exiled Hungarian leader, and Jean-Charles de Folard, a key military thinker of early 18th-century France. Drawing upon overlooked archival material and recent research, the paper highlights the presence of Folard’s Histoire de Polybe in Rákóczi’s Rodosto (Tekirdağ) library, suggesting that the prince’s interest in military science endured during his exile. Evidence from Folard’s surviving letters indicates a correspondence with Rákóczi, including discussions on tactics such as column warfare, the psychological effects of artillery, and interpretations of classical military texts. Their exchanges reflect broader debates of the time between ancient and modern military doctrines, with Rákóczi offering critical insights rooted in his own wartime experiences. The paper positions both men within a shared intellectual and spiritual milieu influenced by Jansenism and classical education. It concludes by underscoring the significance of re-evaluating the Franco-Hungarian intellectual connections of the 18th century and the untapped potential of the Folard–Rákóczi correspondence in military and cultural history

El presente artículo busca profundizar las formas en que migrantes peruanos en Chile habitan su espacio privado desde una perspectiva de cultura material, a través del análisis de las posesiones del hogar y la comida. La cultura material del hogar encarna tanto su experiencia y trayectoria migratoria como el proceso de integración en la sociedad chilena, representando el continuo proceso de ajuste que deben enfrentar en términos culturales, sociales y materiales. Los resultados muestran que las formas de habitar y apropiarse del hogar están relacionadas con los procesos de integración, pues a través de la cultura material se negocia cotidianamente la pertenencia entre dos mundos, el de origen y destino, generando la ambivalencia de estar aquí y allá simultáneamente. Sus hogares se convierten en transnacionales, donde emerge un sincretismo cultural entre ambos mundos que cohabitan: Perú se refleja en la fotografía y la comida, que permite reactualizar su pertenencia e identidad originaria, y Chile es representado por objetos tecnológicos, que materializan su trabajo sacrificado y coraje, y les permite sentirse parte de la sociedad de destino.

Na osnovu podataka sa popisa mogu se pratiti demografska i migraciona kretanja stanovništva Gore, zatim društveni i ekonomski razvoj, obrazovanje, vjerski život i drugo. Knjiga također može poslužiti današnjim stanovnicima Gore da otkriju dosad nepoznate informacije o svojim precima, odnosno da prošire saznanja o svojoj genealogiji (rodoslovlju) i popune porodična stabla. 
Nadamo se da će ova knjiga poslužiti kao polazna osnova za neka buduća istraživanja i biti dobar izvor za naučnike i straživače koji će se baviti historijom Gore. Podaci sa ovog popisa su iz prve ruke te daju realno stanje i sliku Gore pri kraju Prvog svjetskog rata, koji je na ovim prostorima ostavio katastofalne posljedice.

Outline I. Introduction II. The Connection Between Culture and the Gospel A. Culture as the "skin" for the Gospel's "skeleton." B. The Gospel addresses people within their cultural context (Abraham, Moses, Prophets). C. The Incarnation as the ultimate connection (Jesus in 1st-century Jewish culture). III. The Difference Between Culture and the Gospel A. Culture: Human, dynamic, relative, and fallen. B. Gospel: Divine, unchanging, absolute, and redemptive. C. Key Distinction: Supracultural Gospel vs. cultural forms of expression. IV. Was Jesus Christ Against Culture? A. Jesus affirmed good cultural elements (synagogues, scriptures, parables). B. Jesus challenged and transformed broken cultural elements (confronting Pharisees, breaking taboos). C. Conclusion: A "transformational" approach to culture. V. Was the Early Church an Institution Independent of Culture? A. It used existing cultural forms (homes, Greek language). B. It created a new, hybrid culture (Jerusalem Council decision). C. It was a counter-cultural community (refusing emperor worship, new social ethics). VI. What Does the Bible Say About Christianity and Culture? A. Acts 17: Paul's contextualization in Athens. B. 1 Corinthians 9:19-23: Paul's principle of cultural flexibility for the Gospel. C. Romans 12:2: The call to non-conformity and transformation. VII. Addressing My Argument and the Paganism Claim A. Core Argument: "There is a culture that is outside of Christianity, but there is no Christianity outside of culture." B. The conflict is with paganism (idolatry), not culture 'per se'. C. Christianity creates its own distinct culture over time. D. The error of disconnection is identified as Gnosticism, refuted by the Incarnation. Conclusion Bibliography

In questa tesi viene analizzato il processo di Integrazione che coinvolge la città di Frankfurt am Main a partire dal 1989, anno che vede sorgere il primo ufficio, in tutta la Germania, per gli Affari multiculturali. Lo studio ha cercato innanzitutto di descrivere la prospettiva transnazionale in cui inquadrare lo studio dei fenomeni migratori, per poi passare ad una ridefinizione e quindi legittimazione del concetto d'Integrazione. L'interesse verso la prospettiva transnazionalista e il processo d'integrazione di Frankfurt am Main sorgono dal fatto che questi due fenomeni sono strettamente connessi al fenomeno delle migrazioni e sono entrambi riscontrabili nel caso francofortese. In particolare è stata rivolta l'attenzione verso il dibattito sul concetto di integrazione promosso dal Dipartimento per l'Integrazione (organo dell'amministrazione comunale)e aperto al resto degli abitanti di Frankfurt, avvenuto tra i mesi di Ottobre 2009 e Febbraio 2010. Più prec...

Migration was as common in ancient times as it is today. This book offers the first synthesis of the current state of research. It begins by presenting the relevant theories and develops a typology suitable for the era, distinguishing between voluntary and forced, individual and mass, privately and publicly directed changes of location. In a third step, meaningful examples provide a panorama of ancient migration history from the early Greeks to the Migration Period.

tiene derecho de dejar cualquier país, incluso el propio, y de regresar a su propio país.»' Se trata, por tanto, de un derecho universal, otorgado a todos los seres humanos, el derecho de emigrar, que evidentemente implica el derecho de inmigrar a un país distinto del de la emigración y, por tanto, el deber de la comunidad internacional de garantizar de algún modo su ejercicio. No se trata de un derecho humano de última o de reciente generación. Se trata, por el contrario, del más antiguo de los derechos naturales, enunciado en los comienzos de la civilización jundica moderna por el teólogo español Francisco de Victoria. Mucho antes de la teorización hobbesiana del derecho a la vida y de la lockeana de los derechos de libertad como razón de ser del contrato social y del artificio estatal, Victoria configuró el jus migrandi, en sus Relectiones de Indis recenter inventis desarrollados en 1539 en la Universidad de Salamanca, como un derecho universal, derivándolo de otro derecho, el jus communicationis ac societatis, y poniéndolo como fundamento del naciente derecho internacional, en el interior de una grandiosa concepción cosmopolita de las relaciones entre los pueblos orientada hacia una especie de fraternidad universal.2 La finalidad inmediata de esta construcción era, en realidad, la legitimación de la conquista española del Nuevo Mundo: incluso con la guerra, donde al ejercicio de estos edificantes derechos se hubiese opuesto una resistencia ilegítima.3 Y la misma función fue desarrollada a partir de la teorización de esos derechos en los siguientes cuatro siglos, cuando se trató de legitimar la colonización del planeta por parte de las potencias europeas y de sus políticas de rapiña y de explotación. Jus migrandi y jus communicationis, en suma, si bien eran formalmente universales, de hecho eran derechos claramente asimétricos, en tanto que no podían ser ejercidos por las poblaciones de los «nuevos» mundos. No puede negarse, sin embargo, que la legitimación que éstos proporcionaban al expansionismo de Occidente se basó sobre el principio, del que representa un eco el artículo 13 de la Declaración de 1948, del igual derecho de todos a moverse libremente sobre todo el planeta. Hoy que el ejercicio del derecho de emigrar se ha vuelto posible para RIFP/22(2003) pp. 41-51 ^'l

This study examines the intricate nexus encompassing climate change, gender parity and the specific involvements of Indigenous women within the sphere of worldwide environmental advocacy. Embracing an intersectional analytical framework, this study focuses on the nuanced vulnerabilities and distinctive contribution of Indigenous women amidst environmental adversities. It portrays the multifaceted interconnections between sociocultural determinants, gender dynamics and environmental exigencies, thereby elucidating the nuanced impacts on Indigenous women. Within this paradigm, this study seeks to elucidate the perspectives that bridge the divergence between climate mitigation efforts and gender inclusivity. It evaluates the frameworks and policies endeavouring to discern areas where environmental endeavours can exhibit greater inclusivity and responsiveness to the requisites of Indigenous women. With a multidisciplinary methodology, amalgamating environmental science, social justice and gender studies, the study aims to provide a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate relationships that exist between these areas. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable development by propounding inclusive strategies that afford agency to Indigenous women as pivotal stakeholders in the global environmental landscape. This study endeavours to facilitate the formulation of more efficacious, equitable and enduring resolutions to address the exigencies posed by climate change.

El cuento De lo que ocurrió al minúsculo profesor Juan Pablo, de José Baroja, constituye una metáfora crítica sobre la condición del magisterio en la sociedad contemporánea. La historia narra la progresiva reducción física y existencial de un profesor de historia que, atrapado en la rutina, la indiferencia institucional y la falta de reconocimiento social, termina desapareciendo por completo. A través de esta transformación alegórica, el texto plantea una reflexión sobre el desgaste emocional y profesional de los docentes, quienes enfrentan precariedad laboral, sobrecarga administrativa y un entorno estudiantil poco receptivo, lo que contribuye a su progresiva invisibilización.

El relato combina recursos del realismo crítico con elementos fantásticos, creando una atmósfera que oscila entre lo absurdo y lo trágico. De esta manera, Baroja denuncia el abandono del magisterio y su papel marginal dentro de la vida pública, al tiempo que subraya el olvido social de quienes sostienen la educación como proyecto colectivo. Con un estilo irónico y melancólico, el autor invita a repensar el lugar del profesor en la sociedad y la urgencia de valorar su aporte humano y cultural antes de que se desvanezca en la insignificancia.

Muy buenas tardes a todos y a todas; hoy me siento como embajadora de mis hermanos, amigos y amigas de todo nuestro pueblo que conformamos la comunidad de los amigos extranjeros aquí en Talca. Vengo con mi equipo colaborador y quiero hacerlo bien porque ellos sueñan con ser reconocidos, aceptados y valorados tanto personal como culturalmente en la región, entonces me siento muy comprometida y desafiada a la vez. Me alegra no tener que hablar desde los números, me gusta más hablar de las personas y creo que así me siento identificada con el tema; quiero comentarles que mi Congregación tiene un compromiso fuerte en relación al acompañamiento de personas migrantes en todo el mundo y acá en Chile queremos hacerlo teniendo claro que también nos vinculamos con las problemáticas de la mujer, los niños y las niñas especialmente. Queremos ser una organización referente con un compromiso claro con la defensa de los derechos humanos; cuando hablamos de derechos humanos estamos diciendo que las personas tienen el derecho y la capacidad para elegir donde vivir, donde formar su familia, donde sentirse seguras, confiadas y valoradas. Nuestra misión es "ser una organización de acción socio cultural que tenga un compromiso reconocido con las personas más vulnerables"; queremos que las personas se sientan invitadas, se sientan aceptadas a participar activamente de su mundo y de su sociedad, y nuestro compromiso institucional está orientado de manera especial a brindar apoyo a mujeres, jóvenes, niños y niñas 24 Trabajadora Social y Religiosa del Buen Pastor sede Talca. Su experiencia y compromiso social se vincula

Globally, millions of migrants have sent money home to build a house. In early phases of migration, remittance houses are aspirational objects that materialize the continuous belonging of migrants to a community. In later stages, experiences of loss, estrangement, deportation, and death increasingly challenge these attachments. Drawing on my ethnographic research in a transnational community in rural Mexico since 1995, I explore how painful absences have shaped the building of and living in remittance houses. Disappeared and distant migrant kin haunt those living in remittance houses through their presence in material objects and social practices. I argue that attending to the different ways of being haunted by absences and loss in remittance houses can help bring forth nuances and complexities of how transnational communities respond to the inhumanity of migration between Mexico and the United States.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo arrojar luz sobre la construcción del discurso político migratorio español en relación a Marruecos, y explorar el poder del lenguaje en la configuración de las percepciones y las políticas vinculadas a la inmigración. Se compara el discurso de dos partidos políticos con posturas opuestas sobre la inmigración, el PSOE y Vox, y se examina cómo sus narrativas reflejan sus enfoques ideológicos y sus estrategias para legitimar sus políticas y actitudes hacia los inmigrantes. Se evalúa el impacto del discurso político, especialmente el uso del lenguaje antimigratorio y xenófobo, en la opinión pública, las políticas migratorias y las relaciones bilaterales entre España y Marruecos. Se revela cómo el discurso político construye estereotipos negativos sobre los inmigrantes marroquíes, que contribuyen a su estigmatización y discriminación, y se propone una reflexión crítica sobre las narrativas dominantes en torno a la inmigración marroquí y las posibles vías alternativas para promover un discurso más equilibrado, constructivo y comprensivo de la cuestión migratoria.

Von 1949 bis 1991 war Nordrhein-Westfalen Gastland der »Bonner Republik«. Die Beiträger*innen geben aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Aufschluss über die Konstruktion dieses Zeitraums in Kunst, Literatur, Architektur, Film, Medien sowie Politik und legen dar, wie im begrifflichen Spannungsfeld von Temporärem und Dauerhaftem – dem »Provisorium der Permanenz« – ein nationaler Modus Vivendi gefunden wurde. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die »Bonner Republik« ein halbes Jahrhundert nach der Wiedervereinigung nicht nur »historisiert«, sondern auch literarisch und medial befragt wird – nicht zuletzt um die Defizite ihrer vom strategischen Vergessen zersetzten Erinnerungskultur für die Gegenwart verhandelbar zu machen.

According to estimates by the United Nations, over 120 million individuals are currently forcibly displaced worldwide. Warfare, regional disputes, state-sponsored violence, environmental disasters, famines, and various forms of physical or mental abuse have disrupted their lives, leading to tremendous loss and trauma. Whether forced migrants find themselves "internally displaced" within their countries of origin, at international borders, in transit zones, or in socalled "receiving" countries, they share the experience of enduring a life in liminal spaces where fundamental political, social, legal, and ethical norms and claims are suspended and denied. At the same time, right-wing populist movements exploit debates on migration to promote the stigmatization, criminalization, and exclusion of those who seek refuge and asylum. In privileging the perspective of receiving states and their citizens, such debates often misrepresent the complex realities and experiences of displaced people, distorting or silencing their own narratives. Revealing a profound humanitarian, political, and moral crisis, the phenomenon of forced migration thus calls for a re-evaluation of questions of power, representation, and agency -a re-evaluation for which it is imperative that the voices of forcibly displaced individuals and groups are heard: What does it mean to live "out of place"? How does forced migration challenge dominant ideologies of place as a "natural" home, of identity and belonging? And what are its implications for rethinking existing politico-juridical regimes? Search Out of Place: Forced Migration in Literature and Political Theory Paper submissions for this seminar are currently open. Propose a Paper In this seminar, we will address these and other related questions at the intersection of literature and political theory, particularly from a comparative perspective. By bringing various accounts and narratives of forced displacement, refugeehood, and exile in historical, modern, and contemporary literatures from around the globe (from Homer and Dante to Stefan Zweig, Anna Seghers, Tayeb Salih, and Edwidge Danticat or, more recently, Jhumpa Lahiri, Laila Lalami, Dinaw Mengistu, and Assimwe Deborah Kawe) into dialogue with key positions in 20th and 21st century political theory of migration (as developed by, e.g., Hannah Arendt, Giorgio Agamben, Donatella Di Cesare, Etienne Balibar, Serena Parekh, Achille Mbembe, or Thomas Nail), we will discuss specific experiences and circumstances that shape the existence of those who must live out of place. We invite participants from all levels of their careers and from all academic (as well as nonacademic) backgrounds to examine narrations of migration, displacement, and exile and to critically engage with concepts of place, identity, and political agency. Paper proposals of 250-300 words must be submitted via the portal on the ACLA website () between August 26 and October 2, 2025. If you have questions about potential contributions to this seminar, please contact us at

Este artigo posiciona-se criticamente perante as abordagens disciplinares tradicionais sobre migração, argumentando que a sua complexidade multifacetada exige um enquadramento teórico-metodológico interdisciplinar. Partindo da alegoria da caverna de Platão, o texto analogia que as análises fragmentadas por áreas isoladas (Economia, Direito, Sociologia) oferecem apenas uma visão parcial e distorcida (“sombras”) do fenómeno. Defende-se que o migrante e o processo migratório formam um sistema ecológico de influências recíprocas, integrando dimensões económicas, legais, sociais, culturais, subjetivas e de redes de apoio. O objetivo central é demonstrar a indispensabilidade da interdisciplinaridade para iluminar não apenas as “sombras”, mas o “fogo” que as projeta — a realidade complexa e humana dos movimentos migratórios. O artigo desenvolve-se através de uma revisão crítica da literatura, identificando os desafios paradoxais inerentes a esta abordagem, como a tendência para o discurso metafórico, a dificuldade de operacionalização metodológica e os obstáculos institucionais. Conclui-se propondo que a superação desses desafios através de ferramentas concretas, como a triangulação de dados e a delimitação de questões de pesquisa que forcem a integração de saberes, é um imperativo ético e prático para produzir um conhecimento capaz de responder à realidade social complexa.

Tunisia has long been framed as both a geographic and symbolic crossroads, yet politically and institutionally it is usually cast as a space of departure rather than arrival. This paradox becomes more salient in light of the country's evolving role as a transit zone for sub-Saharan migrants navigating 'fragmented journeys' towards Europe. While much academic work has examined the Maghreb's role in these circulations, it often overlooks the experiences and self-expressed narratives of the transmigrants. Dominant discourses tend to reduce these transmigrants to passive subjects caught in transit, emphasizing structural constraints over individual agency. In contrast, this article adopts a discursive lens to examine sub-Saharan voices and investigate how transit is conceptualized not merely as a phase but as a dynamic space of 'situated knowledges', as per Mignolo, and identity negotiation. Hinging on scarce research on sub-Saharan transmigrants' self-representations, I qualitatively analyse a corpus produced by sub-Saharan transmigrants on social media between 2018 and 2023. I use Doreen Massey's conceptualization of space to deconstruct 'transit' as a geographic and virtual locus. Then, drawing on resources from decolonial thought, particularly Mignolo, and social actor theory, as developed by van Leeuwen, I focus on the discursive manifestations of 'transit' as a state of fluidity and dynamism. I examine the vehicles of solidarity and resistance through the analysis of rhetoric and discursive tactics they use to actively reconfigure transit spaces. Through digital platforms, transmigrants cultivate what Diminescu terms 'access capital' to articulate collective identity and enact forms of 'epistemic disobedience', a term theorized by Mignolo. Rather than passive victims, they emerge as mobile agents who resist being spoken for, asserting the right to define their journeys and identities on their own terms.

As diaspora congregations of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (PCG) evolve within increasingly multicultural and intergenerational contexts, the imperative to move beyond ethnonational identity has become more urgent. This paper critically examines practical and theologically informed strategies for attracting non-Ghanaian nationals and meaningfully integrating secondand third-generation Ghanaians into congregational life within the North America-Australia Presbytery. Employing a multidisciplinary synthesis of biblical ecclesiology, migration studies, and immigrant church dynamics, the paper identifies eight core intervention areas: adaptive worship, crossgenerational leadership, digital engagement, intergenerational mentorship, multilingual inclusion, community outreach, civic participation, and youth empowerment. Drawing comparative insights from other immigrant Christian traditions (e.g., Korean-American, Nigerian diaspora churches), the analysis emphasizes contextual flexibility and theological fidelity. The paper concludes with a call for courageous ecclesial renewal, one that honours tradition while embracing transformation, ensuring the church remains a credible, inclusive, and Spirit-led witness across cultures and generations.

Building on the questions about the relationship between violence and traces on one hand, and affects, knowledge, art, and social justice on the other, the international seminar Tracemaking Border Deaths between Erasure and Co-memoration aimed to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, practices, and experiences, as well as to provide a space for reflection on alternative imaginaries and possible future direct actions. The Introduction summarizes key departure points and questions that guided the participants in navigating and exploring abundant tracing practices related to border deaths, as well as expanding current discussions about co-memoration.

S'inspirant des entretiens ethnographiques menés pendant l'été 2019 avec des hommes adultes originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest qui cherchaient à obtenir l'asile aux États-Unis, cet article a deux objectifs principaux. Le premier est d'utiliser le concept de diaspora pour souligner le caractère « autonome » et les défis que soulèvent les choix que font les sans-papiers dans des contextes où les gouvernements font tout leur possible pour empêcher et décourager leurs déplacements. Le deuxième est de décrire les conditions du voyage, ses obstacles et ses dangers d'une part, et ses passages et ses vecteurs d'autre part.

The article examines the issue of migration in modern society and multiculturalism from a socio-philosophical perspective. The challenges facing modern society are linked to processes that are relevant both globally and in Ukraine. With the intensification of political processes, globalization and wars, the relevance of the phenomenon of migration is not diminishing. The authors consider this topic based on socio-philosophical and theoretical humanitarian methods: sociology, economics, globalization studies, cities and migration processes, referring to the approaches of the author of the term “global city” Saskia Sassen, as well as political science, law, pedagogy and philosophy of Seyla Benhabib.The doctrinal foundations of contemporary multicultural processes allow us to characterize migration processes. Migration in the world is a natural and long-term process, so all attempts to stop it are an interference in the organic processes of society. Today’s attempts by the US administration to diversify migration processes are inhumane and anti-historical.Multicultural or multi-faith education as a strategy for preserving the country’s culture and as a component of the study of the history of religions and cultures should be fundamental. We conceptualize migration as a process of perceiving another culture without losing one’s personal characteristics and traditions, but rather strengthening them and rethinking one’s previous experience – both from the side of migrants and from the side of citizens of the host country. Multiculturalism plays an important role in the struggle for equality, but it must develop a more dynamic interpretation of culture and resist unification in order to prevent gender, economic, political and religious inequality and injustice. Multicultural or policonfessional education is proposed as a basic education for modern society as an embodiment of the strategy for preserving the country’s culture and as a component of mastering the history of religions and cultures.

During the period 1880–1910, trade relations between Sweden and Argentina were strengthened through intensified export and import trade between the countries, in an era marked by a new phase of globalization. This was reflected in the establishment of several Swedish import companies in Argentina during the late 19th century and the subsequent establishment of Swedish companies in the country after the turn of the century and until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This chapter highlights the role of Swedish companies in Argentina's economic and cultural development and how the renewed trade relations between the countries, based both on Swedish entrepreneurial spirit and Argentine openness to Swedish technological and industrial innovation, contributed to a mutual development project for both national economies. Finally, a list is presented with brief descriptions of both large and small Swedish companies that were established in Argentina during the period. (Pages 231-261)

Las distintas sesiones en las que se desarrolló el Seminario tuvieron como principales objetivos: a) presentar el Portal Virtual del Museo del Patrimonio Histórico Educativo Andaluz (www.museopedagogicoandaluz.com) y la base de datos con la que cuenta en la actualidad, b) analizar las posibilidades docentes e investigadoras del Museo Pedagógico Andaluz y el estado del proyecto a través de los responsables de cada Universidad andaluza participante, y c) reflexionar sobre las dificultades y perspectivas de futuro. Las

RESUMO A condição de estrangeiro, como pressuposto derivado da qualidade de nativo ("natural"), recebeu diferentes tratamentos ao longo do desenvolvimento do Direito "indiano" (hispano-colonial). Todavia, em todos eles, podemos afirmar que o elemento comum foi o da atipicidade, acompanhada de consequências jurídicas normalmente negativas. Essa circunstância se explica tanto pela concepção de ameaça e periculosidade que, desde o descobrimento da América, foi associada aos estrangeiros; quanto pelo uso que a Coroa de Castela fez dessa instituição normativa, ora aplicando-a de forma estrita, ora gerando casos de exceção. Os estrangeiros interessados em migrar ou comerciar no Novo Mundo precisavam cumprir uma série de requisitos para obter proteção legal. No entanto, a Coroa reservou a si própria um grau de arbitrariedade sob um regime de exceções. Essa lógica de aplicação geral com reservas individuais foi a que imperou ao longo de todo o período dos Vicereinados; de modo que os estrangeiros não possuíam acesso a uma justiça plenamente imparcial. Com base no estudo do processo administrativo de Simão Lopes (Simón López), português, para obtenção da "Carta de naturaleza" e da licença para tratar e contratar nas Índias [ocidentais], serão analisados os requisitos legais exigidos para que um estrangeiro pudesse obter tal proteção jurídica.

Volumen colectivo, escrito por personas migrantes, refugiadas, deportadas, retornadas y comprometidas con las migraciones como un movimiento social. Autorxs: Gladys Calvopiña Herrera, Jorge Lucena, Anayelisth Carpio, Esther Gualtieri, Lourdes Coromoto Aldana, Ida Cira Sandrea, Bernardita Maldonado, Edith Ibarra, Carmen Gómez Martín, María Belén Moncayo, Soledad Álvarez Velasco, Ana María Morales Troya, Alianza contra las prisiones, Sara Tillería, Cristina Burneo Salazar, Svetlana Pozo Kovalchuk, María José Gutiérrez, Lola Parreño, Isabel González Ramírez, Freddy Guanipa, Rafael Sánchez-Mateos y Mafe Moscoso, Élodie Segal, Celiner Ascanio, Ángel Burbano/ Kosakura, Natalia Andrea Mera Sandoval, Tatiana Pilay, Belén Valencia, Ce Larrea - Casimira, Karen Araujo, Yuri, José, Leidi, Servando, Ciprián, Abelardo, Diana. Diagramación, diseño e ilustraciones: Josep Vecino Ilustraciones de “Relatograma” y “Alejandro y Liliana: prisión, migración y justicia de ganado”: Ce Larrea, “Casimira”; Emilia Salazar, “La Arisca” Galería fotográfica: Lola Parreño, David Gustafsson, Juan Diego Montenegro y Josep Vecino. Edición: Cristina Burneo Salazar

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las experiencias de retorno no voluntario de jóvenes migrantes que, por diversas razones, ahora se encuentran en Sinaloa, para dimensionar la vida transnacional que se gesta en Sinaloa y conocer nuevas estrategias laborales de los jóvenes retornados. Mediante entrevistas a profundidad, rescatamos las historias de vida de tres jóvenes retornados que se encuentran viviendo y trabajando en Culiacán, Sinaloa. Los casos estudiados son los de jóvenes que llegan a Estados Unidos durante su infancia o nacidos allá, que cuentan con experiencia educativa en México y Estados Unidos: son hijos de mexicanos, tienen dominio del inglés y después de vivir una deportación familiar o individual, ven coartada su oportunidad de regresar al país que por mucho tiempo consideraron su hogar. Al encontrarse con la di ficultad de reemigrar al vecino del norte del territorio mexicano, se ven en la necesidad de aprovechar las herramientas adquiridas durante la migración. Para poder incursionar en el mercado laboral hacen uso de su creatividad, el idioma inglés y las redes sociales en nichos laborales poco estudiados como son las apli caciones pa ra aprender inglés y la producción musical. Estas experiencias ilustran la contribución de los jóvenes a la vida transnacional que se gesta en Sinaloa y a las estrategias de adaptación laboral que implementan los jóvenes retornados.

The historical continuities around migration suggest that it not only is a potent force and phenomenon but also has the capacity to transform societies. Africa-Euro migrations point to the need to move beyond a narrow, misinformed populist narrative of a flood of African refugees and migrants flowing into Europe. Further, intra-Africa migration, which is characterised by, among others, cross-border informality, continues to be marginalised, so are other so-called informal actors. Indeed, migration continues to stir a xenophobic backlash in many African countries, which places migrants from within Africa in a limbo. This indeed calls for proactive and robust social protection mechanisms at the level of regional economic communities. These narratives, which this volume has examined, point to the need for effective migration governance, which will lead to better regions and inclusive development.

Migration is a force that has led to the transformation of modernity. This transformation has taken many forms and continues to do so. In order to better understand the complexity of the situation, this book addresses both the migration flows and processes within Africa and between Africa and Europe. The continent of Africa is characterised by extensive interactions across its artificial and contiguous borders and borderlands. In addition, there are efforts at regionalism, and therefore, the question of whether efforts to integrate Africa, through the regional economic communities, could be informed by lessons and parallels drawn from across Africa is tackled in this book. And given that the issue of migration is challenging intra-Africa relationships as well as its relationships with other regions of the world, such as Europe, the question of how migration can be managed to trigger socio-economic transformation and development in Africa is discussed in the African context, but also in light of the experiences of the EU.

The increased flow of refugees and migrants poses challenges, opportunities and obligations for countries around the world. In the EU, these flows have resulted in substantial political tensions and divisions, whereby migration has emerged as a key theme and policy instrument. While the African and the European Unions have long been engaged in a partnership on issues in relation to migration, the increased levels of irregular migration together with their associated human tragedies have highlighted the importance of cooperation on migration between Europe and Africa. In addition to the mere policies, this chapter looks into underlying attitudes and the prevailing narratives surrounding African migration to Europe. It is put forward that the opportunities of immigration have been overshadowed by the more protectionist and security-oriented rhetoric in the wake of the recent so-called refugee crisis. Worries about its consequences for society, welfare institutions and labour markets have influenced not only public opinion but also political action, causing temporary closings of borders, cultural divides and even expressions of racism and xenophobic nationalism. The sudden influx of refugees turned into a political crisis, giving rise to populist parties and right-wing ideology, becoming conflated also with other forms of migration. The resultant prevalent rhetoric on the migration problem largely outperforms the scientific evidence that European countries will simply not manage without migrants. The European attempts to “secure” or “protect” its borders have undoubtedly failed. Much of this is because migration is often seen as a border security issue—as something that needs to be combatted against. This chapter seeks to debunk the common misconceptions about migration and suggests an alternative narrative that is based on mutual interests.

Laine, J.P. (2020). Reframing African Migration to Europe: An Alternative Narrative. In: Moyo, I., Nshimbi, C., Laine, J. (eds) Migration Conundrums, Regional Integration and Development. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2478-3_5

This report provides a view of the provision of migrant services in in Halle/Saale, Sachsen-Anhalt in 2022, the year the issue of migrant services in Halle and in Germany was highlighted by the arrival of migrants fleeing the outbreak of war in Ukraine. Over the decades since German unification, the city has welcomed migrants from multiple locations. Some programs of assistance have been funded by federal, land, the city and charities but much of the labor provided by temporary programs staffed by volunteers and low-paid workers. This report was written upon request of the workers and volunteers who provided migrant services in the city The bring together the observations, questions, and aspirations of our interlocutors. It is a 'bottomup' view of how migrants were supported in Halle in the year a new large scale influx of migrants into During eight months of research from May 2022 to January 2023, our research team explored the funding, staffing, governance, and organization of migrant services. Our interlocutors included Halle and Sachsen-Anhalt officials, staff of service providing agencies and organizations, and volunteers. They totaled 53 interlocutors, representing 42 organizations, government offices, or projects. Thirty-eight were of German background and 15 of migrant background, and 4 of whom were part of the recent Ukrainian migration. The research team also surveyed web-based information about services and participated in various migration-oriented events and meetings in the city. We found that the staff, volunteers, and city and land officials consistently supported welcoming migrants of all backgrounds to Halle. However, service providers and volunteers critiqued the official policy of outsourcing vital migrant support services to temporary projects and programs with few paid staff and a reliance on volunteers to actually deliver many of the services. Their dismay at the local, regional, and federal provision of migrant services was amplified by the way services were provided to recent Ukrainian migrants. The initial arrival of Ukrainians fleeing the outbreak of war in the Ukraine was organized ad assisted by volunteers supported by donations from the public They helped bring migrants from the Ukraine and subsequently welcomed them by providing food, clothing, housing, advice and support. This support was then supplemented or replaced by the existing relatively large network of organizations in the city and the Land, within their more general remit of providing services to newcomers. Federal and regional funding was expanded during this conjuncture, but the expansion of programs and funding was for short-term temporary projects staffed by temporary staff and volunteers. Those interviewed, and the many more residents of Halle our research team met as we participated in various events in the city related to migrant reception, told us of their hope that a more consistent, professionally staffed system of services that assisted migrants in settling and contributing to Halle would be established by the federal governments, Land, and city. Policy recommendations of this report reflect these aspirations. The report recommends replacing ephemeral programs, projects, and organizations that rely on volunteer services with locally organized public migrant friendly services staffed by paid professionals equipped with multiple linguistic, cultural, and technical skills. A postscript and four Appendices provide additional insights and background material for the report. Appendix I provides more detailed description of the several types of organizations through eight case studies, Appendix II reviews the response to the 2022 Ukrainian mass migration. Appendix III reviews the ways migrants have been part of building Halle as a city. Appendix IV provides an Assessment of Migrant Service Delivery through a Volunteer Workforce 1 This was a dramatically different situation to 2000, when Halle had few means of assisting migrants in obtaining housing, translation, information, referral or counseling (Glick Schiller and Caglar Ayse 2011),, 2 VeMo, Verband der Migrantenorganisationen Halle (Saale) e.V. (the Association of Migrant Organizations Halle (Saale), incorporated), was a consortia organized with the goal bringing together organizations formed by migrants. 3 Freiwilligen-Agentur Halle-Saalkreis e. (the incorporated Volunteer Agency Halle-Saalkreis) stated on its website that it promoted civic engagement by inspiring volunteers' 'commitment through recruitment and also advising

There has been avalanche of literature on different aspects of Yoruba and Japanese culture; this research is focusing on the practices in Yorùbá-Japanese marriage pattern. Marriage and all types of marriage have been discussed expressly; however, literature is yet to explore and provide in-depth discussions on the cross-cultural uniqueness of the Yoruba-Japanese concepts of arranged marriage. Marriage is a legal and social union between a man and a woman, a man and more than one woman and/or a woman with two men and more. The concept of marriage and the union of two people or more are universal in different cultures and societies, and is attributed basic personal and social function. This paper explores the uniqueness of the indigenous Yoruba-Japanese culture of an arranged marriage of “Fífọmọlọ́kọ and Omiai”. The paper teases out the cultural practices and the performance therein. Anthropological concepts of cultural universality and diversity are adopted to explain the exceptionality of the cultures and performance; these concepts exude the complexity of culture and in the vein its dynamism – as the same cultural pattern finds its way into two different cultures with little differences in these practices. The study is rooted in cultural studies; thus, it employs performance/performativity theory for an in-depth understanding of the Yoruba-Japanese culture. The research designs to be used is ethnographic and netnographic. Netnography is an online research design that is culled from ethnography. The findings will reflect the issues of universality and diversity of cultures, and performance of the cultural pattern in the two cultures.
Keywords: Arranged, Culture, Marriage, Pattern, Performance

En este capítulo nos ocupamos de algunas dimensiones ético-metodológicas del trabajo de campo con referentes migrantes con base en investigaciones cualitativas realizadas en Córdoba (Argentina), Antofagasta y Santiago (Chile). En este sentido, analizamos la tensión entre jerarquía y horizontalidad en el trabajo de campo con referentes, y las emociones puestas en juego en las investigaciones en las que nos involucramos, en un marco general que promueve los procesos de co-construcción del conocimiento.

Este trabajo trata de mujeres que
llevan a cabo actividades formales e informales. Pero no “ilícitas”. Aunque conocemos mujeres que se dedican a actividades como la prostitución, la venta
de droga o son o han sido “coyotas” que
llevaban gente a Estados Unidos, hemos
excluido ese perfil de trabajadoras a las
que no les hubiera gustado aparecer en
esta publicación. De cualquier modo,
seguramente nos faltan actividades,
pero fueron las que obtuvimos y privilegiamos en esta investigación

El presente libro es el resultado de la investigación realizada para obtener el grado de
Doctora en Geografía y Ordenación territorial, en él se analiza de forma comparativa
los cambios en las relaciones de género atribuibles a la migración en dos grupos de
mujeres mexicanas (alteñas y mixtecas) que comparten un mismo espacio geográfico,
social y económico, el Valle de San Joaquín California, EE. UU., en un periodo que va
de los últimos años de la década de 1950, en que ingresaron a Estados Unidos las primeras mujeres de nuestro estudio a 2017, fecha en que se recabaron los últimos datos.
El presente es un estudio etnográfico-comparativo: las comparaciones se realizan entre
los dos grupos culturales, pero también diacrónicamente y se centran en prácticas cotidianas en lo referente a la toma de decisiones respecto a la unión en pareja, el número
de hijos, uso de anticonceptivos; el acceso al trabajo, el uso de los ingresos y la distribución de tareas domésticas. La técnica principal de recolección de datos fue la entrevista
y se realizó entre diciembre de 2014 y diciembre de 2017, en el lugar de estudio.
Las pesquisas que guiaron la investigación se enfocaron en demostrar que: las
relaciones de género en los hogares de migrantes, de orígenes y tradiciones distintas
que han llegado al Valle de San Joaquín, se modifican debido a dos factores: a) el contacto con las instituciones de la sociedad norteamericana y, b) su inserción en el trabajo
remunerado. Los cambios se presentan en el proceso de toma de decisiones personales
y familiares, en la distribución de las tareas domésticas y la propiedad de los bienes

Las migraciones transforman no solamente las vidas de quienes emprenden el camino y dejan atrás su lugar de origen, también los lugares de los que parten y a los que llegan, un hecho que se ha estudiado desde diferentes campos del conocimiento. El fenómeno de la migración tiene tantas repercusiones que se puede abordar desde múl tiples aristas. En Arquitectura de remesas…, Inés Vachez Palomar, una joven arquitecta que realizó estudios de maestría en Alemania, describe la transformación de un territorio: Santa Cruz del Cor tijo, una hacienda cañera en Vista Hermosa, pueblo perteneciente al municipio de

El artículo aborda las experiencias de dos mujeres separadas de sus parejas
que enfrentan largas jornadas laborales mientras crían a sus hijos sin ayuda
significativa de sus exparejas. Estas mujeres, por decisión propia, asumen
múltiples empleos remunerados y emprendimientos para cubrir las
necesidades de sus familias, lo que las lleva a realizar multitareas a lo largo del
día. Se emplea el concepto de autoexplotación de Byung Chul Han para analizar
si esta carga laboral puede considerarse autoexplotación, particularmente en el
contexto de mujeres de clase media trabajadora con hijos y sin pareja. La
metodología utilizada es la etnografía de la proximidad, en la que destaca
la necesidad de estudiar problemas cotidianos y cercanos. Se observa cómo
estas mujeres han aprovechado oportunidades de venta en un entorno
laboral, como una biblioteca universitaria, para generar ingresos adicionales
vendiendo golosinas y otros productos. Este fenómeno se intensificó después de la pandemia debido a la necesidad económica que empató con la falta
de oferta de alimentos en el lugar de estudio. El artículo reflexiona sobre
las dinámicas de género y clase en la distribución del trabajo remunerado y
no remunerado, así como en el acceso a recursos y derechos patrimoniales.
Destaca cómo estas mujeres practican multitasking constantemente para
equilibrar sus múltiples responsabilidades, pero también señala el estrés y la
fatiga crónica que experimentan como resultado de esta sobre carga laboral.

El presente artículo subraya la relevancia de integrar enfoques transnacionales en la investigación sobre estudios latinoamericanos. Propone reconocer el impacto de fuerzas y procesos que trascienden fronteras, los cuales han moldeado históricamente a las sociedades de la región más allá de sus contextos locales. Este enfoque transnacional no solo posibilita el análisis de las diversas realidades estatales desde una perspectiva país por país o mediante enfoques comparativos y de relaciones internacionales, sino que también plantea la necesidad de examinar América Latina como un espacio interconectado. Solo a través de esta mirada amplia será posible comprender de manera integral cómo se articulan las dinámicas locales y nacionales con los procesos globales. Adicionalmente, el texto recoge aportes teóricos clave que han impulsado esta línea de investigación y ejemplifica su utilidad al delimitar áreas específicas —estudiadas en profundidad y desde una temporalidad extensa— donde el análisis transnacional emerge como herramienta central.
Estas contribuciones refuerzan la idea de que dicho enfoque enriquece tanto la metodología como los marcos interpretativos en las ciencias sociales.

During the summer months of 2025, Greece experienced mass migration flows from North Africa, especially Libya and Egypt. Thousands of illegal migrants arrived at the islands of Crete and Gavdos, the southernmost parts of Europe, causing a coordinated response by the Greek government that proceeded to close this migratory route through a series of measures. Still the problem remains fueled by underlying structural causes, such as African overpopulation, the fragility of African states, recurring conflicts, and a relaxed EU legislation on migration. Greece’s relations with the two de facto governments of Libya remain fragile, even as the two states are neighbors in the Mediterranean, sharing the longest extent of maritime borders in the Central Mediterranean. As the regional geopolitical landscape remains unstable, Greece is attempting to curb mass migration flows and establish channels of communication with Libyan political and military stakeholders in both Western and Eastern Libya. The success of this diplomatic endeavor depends not just on the internal political equilibrium in war-torn Libya, but also on the greater diplomatic context of EU-North Africa relations

This paper aims to investigate the effects of hostland integration on reconciliatory attitudes among diasporas. In recent scholarly debates, many argue that as a result of a lack of hostland social integration, diasporas are less moderate in their approach to homeland conflicts than those in the homeland. During periods of peace, 'rebellionspecific capital' in the homeland is thought to decrease as tensions ease, while the hatreds harbored by diasporas remain strong. This predominant view has recently been challenged by a new body of work suggesting that diasporas are not homogenous but are rather characterized by diversity both in terms of their political views and the political and economic effects of their transnational activities. While some tend to promote ethnic nationalism and war, others encourage peacemaking and peacebuilding. While we know that there is variation in diaspora attitudes, previous explanations remain underdeveloped and lack a solid foundation in systematic empirical evidence. In this paper we develop an alternative theory to explain the relationship between hostland integration and diaspora attitudes. Until now most theories specified the need for hostland social integration to induce moderation among diasporas. Our argument, based on findings in social psychology and social work, is that structural integration empowers diasporas and through providing psychological coherence enables them to deal with the past and envision a common future with other groups both in the host and homeland. As the basis for examining our claims, we have collected a unique set of survey data on integration and reconciliatory attitudes among four diasporas in Sweden: Bosniaks, Croats, Serbs and Yugoslavs. We test the effects of social and structural integration on diaspora attitudes towards the nature of the recent war, societal organization, forgiveness and prospects for peaceful coexistence in their homelands. In order to investigate whether integration into Swedish society explains observed differences among diasporas in Sweden, we control for homeland background factors, for example refugee status and previous education, and demographic variables, for example gender and age. Our results indicate that while social integration has little or no effect on reconciliatory attitudes among the respondents, structural integration has a strong and positive effect. We argue that structural integration based on language training, citizenship, education and employment empowers diasporas with positive attitudes and confidence that enable them to envision a common future with other groups both in the host and homeland.