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Figure 1. Matched Guise ratings for Status Traits (Hiraga, 2005) 259 participants were recruited through convenience sampling for this study. 129 were undergraduates studying at Nanyang Technological University who did the study on-campus, while the other 130 respondents were adults in their 20s and 30s without university education who did the study off-campus. The gender distribution was balanced for both groups with a mean age of 21.38 (SD = 2.13) for the on-campus portion of the study and a mean age of 31.97 (SD = 15.15) for the portion conducted off-campus. Table 1 shows the distribution of participants according to education and gender.

Figure 1 Matched Guise ratings for Status Traits (Hiraga, 2005) 259 participants were recruited through convenience sampling for this study. 129 were undergraduates studying at Nanyang Technological University who did the study on-campus, while the other 130 respondents were adults in their 20s and 30s without university education who did the study off-campus. The gender distribution was balanced for both groups with a mean age of 21.38 (SD = 2.13) for the on-campus portion of the study and a mean age of 31.97 (SD = 15.15) for the portion conducted off-campus. Table 1 shows the distribution of participants according to education and gender.

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Table 2. Mean ‘standardness’ ratings in trials of the six focal guises (N = 40) Procedure
Table 2. Mean ‘standardness’ ratings in trials of the six focal guises (N = 40) Procedure
Table 3b. Factor loadings of female guises
Table 3b. Factor loadings of female guises
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization. Only loadings above .4 are displayed. Table 3a. Factor loadings of male guises
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization. Only loadings above .4 are displayed. Table 3a. Factor loadings of male guises
Figure 2a. Mean Ratings for Male Guises
Figure 2a. Mean Ratings for Male Guises
Figure 2b. Mean Ratings for Female Guises
Figure 2b. Mean Ratings for Female Guises
This study’s findings then do conform to those of Cavallaro and Ng (2009), which featured only female guises and included only university student participants. Like the university student participants in that prior study, this study’s participants (both university students and those without university education) rated the female SSE guise significantly higher than the female SCE guise for both Status and Solidarity traits. For our participants without university education, this was also the case for male guises. The fact that male guise Solidarity trait ratings by our university student participants did not quite follow this pattern, however, indicates that SCE does in fact convey some degree of covert prestige in at least one segment of Singaporean society, and that Singaporeans, like the Russians and Americans investigated by Andrews (2003), are less permissive of non-standardised language use by females than males.
This study’s findings then do conform to those of Cavallaro and Ng (2009), which featured only female guises and included only university student participants. Like the university student participants in that prior study, this study’s participants (both university students and those without university education) rated the female SSE guise significantly higher than the female SCE guise for both Status and Solidarity traits. For our participants without university education, this was also the case for male guises. The fact that male guise Solidarity trait ratings by our university student participants did not quite follow this pattern, however, indicates that SCE does in fact convey some degree of covert prestige in at least one segment of Singaporean society, and that Singaporeans, like the Russians and Americans investigated by Andrews (2003), are less permissive of non-standardised language use by females than males.
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
Related topics:
World EnglishesLanguage and IdentityMatched Guise
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