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Table 3. The phonological generalisations on umlaut formation in Ingilo Georgian® The concluding empirical evidence for the dialect-intrinsic nature of umlauts in the Ingilc Georgian is the development of the umlaut into a full phoneme for the purpose of meaning distinction in minimal pairs (Table 4):

Table 3 The phonological generalisations on umlaut formation in Ingilo Georgian® The concluding empirical evidence for the dialect-intrinsic nature of umlauts in the Ingilc Georgian is the development of the umlaut into a full phoneme for the purpose of meaning distinction in minimal pairs (Table 4):

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These data fragments can simulate Levenstein's distance calculation (Table 2). Although these data do not provide a conclusive picture, they do give us an idea about the degree of internal linguistic differentiation of Ingilo Georgian and its linguistic proximity to Standard Georgian.
These data fragments can simulate Levenstein's distance calculation (Table 2). Although these data do not provide a conclusive picture, they do give us an idea about the degree of internal linguistic differentiation of Ingilo Georgian and its linguistic proximity to Standard Georgian.
Table 2. Levenstein Distance based on three variants of the verb "to take"
Table 2. Levenstein Distance based on three variants of the verb "to take"
Chat 1. The visualisation of Table 1.
Chat 1. The visualisation of Table 1.
The phonetic repertoire and phonological structure of Ingilo Georgian are the furthest from Standard Georgian compared to other varieties. It should be noted, however, that the features responsible for this, such as, first of all, the presence of umlauts, although no longer present in
The phonetic repertoire and phonological structure of Ingilo Georgian are the furthest from Standard Georgian compared to other varieties. It should be noted, however, that the features responsible for this, such as, first of all, the presence of umlauts, although no longer present in
It should be noted that the Aliabat variety reflects the case morphology of Old Georgian, where vowel- and consonant-stemmed nouns are also marked likewise differently. The dependence of the realisation of the nominative case on the stem's phonetic constitution is one of the basic characteristic features of the dialects of the Georgian language. Its hould be noted that the loss of nominative marking in Ingilo Georgian is a consistent phenomenon. This is supported by the fact that in the Kakh variety, nominative marking is realized once again in a particular prosodic environment of the sentence or immediately before certain partic es. For example, in (4) below, /dev-g/ “giant” would be expected. However, the nominative marker is realised morphologically because it occurs in the first position in the sequence in the scope of a conjugation phrase: Morphologically, a remarkable distinction can be observed in Ingilo Georgian varieties with regard to the nominative case. In the Kakh variety, vowel-stemmed nouns are marked with nominative markers, while consonant-stemmed nouns remain unmarked. In the Aliabat variety, the picture is exactly reversed: consonant-stemmed nouns are given the marker -i, as in Standard Georgian, while vowel-stemmed nouns are left unmarked (Table 5).
It should be noted that the Aliabat variety reflects the case morphology of Old Georgian, where vowel- and consonant-stemmed nouns are also marked likewise differently. The dependence of the realisation of the nominative case on the stem's phonetic constitution is one of the basic characteristic features of the dialects of the Georgian language. Its hould be noted that the loss of nominative marking in Ingilo Georgian is a consistent phenomenon. This is supported by the fact that in the Kakh variety, nominative marking is realized once again in a particular prosodic environment of the sentence or immediately before certain partic es. For example, in (4) below, /dev-g/ “giant” would be expected. However, the nominative marker is realised morphologically because it occurs in the first position in the sequence in the scope of a conjugation phrase: Morphologically, a remarkable distinction can be observed in Ingilo Georgian varieties with regard to the nominative case. In the Kakh variety, vowel-stemmed nouns are marked with nominative markers, while consonant-stemmed nouns remain unmarked. In the Aliabat variety, the picture is exactly reversed: consonant-stemmed nouns are given the marker -i, as in Standard Georgian, while vowel-stemmed nouns are left unmarked (Table 5).
The possibilities of morphological marking in Ingilo Georgian are generally very varied. Many of these affixes can be found in Standard Georgian or some Georgian dialects (Imnaishvili 1953; Shanidze 1976). Ingilo Georgian, however, paints its own picture of morphology in that it is “more advanced in the bleaching of morphological markers and in the neutralization of distinctions within the categories of verbal and nominal morphology than is heartland Georgian.
The possibilities of morphological marking in Ingilo Georgian are generally very varied. Many of these affixes can be found in Standard Georgian or some Georgian dialects (Imnaishvili 1953; Shanidze 1976). Ingilo Georgian, however, paints its own picture of morphology in that it is “more advanced in the bleaching of morphological markers and in the neutralization of distinctions within the categories of verbal and nominal morphology than is heartland Georgian.
The reason for the increase in the bleaching process of case marking, especially in the noun phrase structure, may be that phrase structures are perceived as prosodic units. Their pronunciation shows a compound-like prosodic curve. With regard to the declension system, Ingilo Georgian shows all seven case forms of core areal Georgian. The case forms are marked suffixally and vary according to the vowel or consonant ending of the stem. As for the phonetic realisation of case marking, the process of reduction observed in East Georgian dialects is particularly advanced in Ingilo Georgian. (Table 9). The marking of syntactic functions in Ingilo Georgian differs significantly from Standard Georgian. Depending on whether it is realised directly or indirectly, the subjects of one-place verbs are marked in the nominative or dative, but never in the ergative. In Ingilo Georgian, the subjects of indirect verbs can occur in the ergative (11).
The reason for the increase in the bleaching process of case marking, especially in the noun phrase structure, may be that phrase structures are perceived as prosodic units. Their pronunciation shows a compound-like prosodic curve. With regard to the declension system, Ingilo Georgian shows all seven case forms of core areal Georgian. The case forms are marked suffixally and vary according to the vowel or consonant ending of the stem. As for the phonetic realisation of case marking, the process of reduction observed in East Georgian dialects is particularly advanced in Ingilo Georgian. (Table 9). The marking of syntactic functions in Ingilo Georgian differs significantly from Standard Georgian. Depending on whether it is realised directly or indirectly, the subjects of one-place verbs are marked in the nominative or dative, but never in the ergative. In Ingilo Georgian, the subjects of indirect verbs can occur in the ergative (11).
Zaqatala, Aliabat village The reason for this behaviour of Ingilo Georgian is to be found in the nature of the existence of this variety, which is also described as a language island. The typology of language islands, among which we include Ingilo Georgian, serves as a reliable theoretical framework to explain the retention, abandonment, and recovery of grammatical features.
Zaqatala, Aliabat village The reason for this behaviour of Ingilo Georgian is to be found in the nature of the existence of this variety, which is also described as a language island. The typology of language islands, among which we include Ingilo Georgian, serves as a reliable theoretical framework to explain the retention, abandonment, and recovery of grammatical features.
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Georgian LanguageLanguage Island
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