Table 1 Classification of head shape according to the cranial index
Related Figures (14)
Fig. 1 A skull showing multiple wormian bones at the lamboid suture (A). OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone The WBs were observed at different regions of 70 skulls and found to be most common at the lambdoid suture in 43 (61.43%) skulls: 18 unilateral and 25 bilateral (Fig. 1). The second most common site of WBs was the parietomastoid suture, found in 29 (41.43%) skulls: 21 unilateral and 8 bilateral (Fig. 2). Among those 29 skulls, the majority (N=21, 30%) showed WBs at the parietal notch (Fig. 2, 3). WBs at other locations such as the occipitomastoid suture (Figs. 2, 3), pterion (Figs. 2, 4) and asterion (Fig. 5) were observed in almost equal numbers of skulls, i.e., 19 (27.14%), 18 (25.71%) and 17 (24.29%) skulls, respec- tively (Table 2). WBs at lambda were observed in eight (11.43%) skulls (Fig. 9). Similarly, WBs were observed at the sagittal suture in five skulls (7.14%) (Fig. 6) and Different head shapes Fig.3 A skull showing wormian bones at the left parietal notch (D, indicated by asterisk) and left occipitomastoid suture (E, indicated by triangle). OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone, TB temporal bone Fig. 2 A skull showing wormian bones at multiple sites. A: Wormian bone at the lambdoid suture. B2: Two wormian bones at the left pte- rion demarcated by a faint suture. C: Wormian bone at the left squa- mous suture. D: Wormian bones at the left parietomastoid suture (*wormian bones at the parietal notch). E: Wormian bone at the left occipitomastoid suture. FB frontal bone, OB occipital bone, PB pari- etal bone, SB sphenoid bone, TB temporal bone Fig.4 A skull showing a large wormian bone at the left pterion (B1). FB frontal bone, PB parietal bone, SB sphenoid bone, TB temporal bone Fig.5 A skull showing a wormian bone at the left parietal notch (D) and left asterion (F). OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone, TB tempo- ral bone Inca bones were only observed in three (4.28%) skulls, but their number varied from one skull to another, rang- ing from one to three (Figs. 7, 8, 9). In one of the three, an incomplete lateral asymmetric Inca bone was present at the lambda along the left lambdoid suture (Fig. 7). Another skull showed the presence of complete asym- metric bipartite Inca bones of unequal size, the right and left being small and large, respectively (Fig. 8), while the Fig.6 A skull showing wormian bones at the sagittal (G) and right lambdoid suture (A). OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone Table 4 Number of skulls showing wormian bones at different sites for each head shape Fig. 7 Incomplete lateral asymmetric Inca bone. OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone Figures in bold represent the highest percentage of crania showing WBs among different head shapes CS coronal suture, LS lambdoid suture, N number of skulls with wormian bones, OM occipitomastoid suture, PM parietomastoid suture, R range of wormian bones, SS sagittal suture, SgS squamous suture Fig.8 Complete asymmetric bipartite Inca bone. OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone Table 5 Comparison of incidences of wormian bones in different populations Fig.9 Complete tripartite Inca bone and wormian bones at lambda (H). OB occipital bone, PB parietal bone CS coronal suture, LS lambdoid suture, OM occipitomastoid suture, PM parietomastoid suture, PN parietal notch, SS sagittal suture, SgS squa- mous suture Table 6 Incidence of wormian bones at different regions of skulls among various populations
