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The Council of the European Union – often referred to as the Council of Ministers, or simply the Council – forms one part of the legislature and the budgetary authority of the Union. The Council and European Parliament together adopt much of the EU's legislation and the Union's annual budget, on the basis of proposals put forward by the executive, the European Commission. The Council also takes decisions on specific areas of EU action, in particular in common foreign and security policy (CFSP), where ...

This study provides a general overview of the procedures before the two courts within the Court of Justice of the European Union – the Court of Justice and the General Court. It focuses on the preliminary reference procedure, the action for infringement of EU law, the action for annulment, the action for failure to act, the action for damages, and the review of compatibility of an international agreement with EU law. Appellate procedures are also discussed. With regard to each procedure, the analysis ...

The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. Under the Treaties, its tasks are to 'promote the general interest of the Union', without prejudice to individual Member States, to 'ensure the application of the Treaties' and measures adopted under them, for instance through taking infringement measures against Member States who do not correctly implement EU legislation, and to 'execute the budget'. It also holds a near monopoly on the right of legislative initiative, alone proposing ...

The European Parliament's July 2025 plenary session featured a debate on Parliament's expectations for the EU's post-2027 long-term budget ahead of the Commission's proposal. Denmark's Prime Minister, Mette Frederiksen presented the programme of activities of the Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU, which began on 1 July 2025. Members then discussed the conclusions of the 26 June European Council meeting with António Costa, President of the European Council, and Ursula von der Leyen, President ...

The principle of subsidiarity requires decisions to be taken at the lowest practical level of government without, however, jeopardising mutually beneficial cooperation at the supranational level. Recent decades have seen efforts to strengthen the subsidiarity principle in EU law, including the introduction of the well-known early warning mechanism (EWM) for national parliaments. At the same time, the principle of subsidiarity remains a contested notion. This has important implications for the regulatory ...

This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, assesses the potential drivers and rationale for a possible 28th Regime as proposed in the Letta Report. The 28th Regime seeks to enable firms who wish to do so to operate under a new business law codified at European level. The intent is to enable firms, especially SMEs and innovative firms, to operate without ...

Denmark assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union on 1 July and will hold the office until 31 December 2025. It took over from Poland and will hand the baton to Cyprus, the three countries forming a presidency trio.

Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a representative parliamentary system. According to the Constitutional Act (section 3), the monarch and the Parliament jointly constitute the legislative authority, the monarch exercises executive authority, and the courts of justice represent the judicial authority. The monarch, however, mainly has a ceremonial role and appoints the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers, who are responsible for governing the country. The government is formed through the system ...

Rada Evropské unie společně s Evropským parlamentem přijímá v podobě nařízení a směrnic právní předpisy Evropské unie a připravuje rozhodnutí a právně nezávazná doporučení. V rozsahu svých pravomocí přijímá rozhodnutí prostou většinou, kvalifikovanou většinou, nebo jednomyslnou shodou v závislosti na právním základě předpisu, u nějž je nutný její souhlas.

Organizaci a fungování Evropského parlamentu upravuje jeho jednací řád. Činnosti Parlamentu řídí jeho politické orgány, výbory, delegace a politické skupiny.