Think Tank

This note describes the treaty provisions and appointment procedure for ECA members at EU level. In addition, it provides information on the national nomination procedure for the ECA member in The Netherlands and the country’s candidate.

This note describes the treaty provisions and appointment procedure for ECA members at EU level. In addition, it provides information on the national nomination procedure for the ECA member in Luxembourg and the country’s candidate.

This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models, emphasizing the limitations of current methodologies. The study provides technical recommendations for traceability and output assessment mechanisms. This study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s ...

Cette étude analyse les difficultés rencontrées par l’Union européenne dans l’harmonisation ou l’unification du droit des sociétés, malgré les attentes fortes des opérateurs économiques. Elle revient sur les limites des projets antérieurs, aboutis ou non (Société Européenne, Société Privée Européenne, Société Unipersonnelle à responsabilité limitée) et propose de s’inspirer de l’exemple réussi de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA). Elle souligne l’importance ...

The European Commission presented its proposals for the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework (MFF) on 16 July 2025. It proposes a budget amounting to a total of almost €1.8 trillion in commitments over the seven years. Each MFF constitutes the EU's budgetary plan for a 7-year period, setting the maximum level of spending ('ceilings') for each major category of expenditure ('heading'). This briefing provides an overview of the main components of the proposed long-term EU budget for the years ...