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This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models, emphasizing the limitations of current methodologies. The study provides technical recommendations for traceability and output assessment mechanisms. This study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s ...

The European Commission presented its proposals for the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework (MFF) on 16 July 2025. It proposes a budget amounting to a total of almost €1.8 trillion in commitments over the seven years. Each MFF constitutes the EU's budgetary plan for a 7-year period, setting the maximum level of spending ('ceilings') for each major category of expenditure ('heading'). This briefing provides an overview of the main components of the proposed long-term EU budget for the years ...

The dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) by the second Trump administration in 2025 marked a significant shift in US foreign policy. US national interests were prioritised over multilateral development and humanitarian aid, with the decision described by the Trump administration as an alignment of aid with US values. The European Union (EU) and its Member States cannot fully offset these cuts, which will most dramatically affect funding for global health, food security ...

Assessment of the consequences of Catalan legislation in light of articles 21 and 22 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Assessment of the legal and economic consequences of the Catalan legislation as regards free movements of goods and services

Assessment of the legal consequences of the Catalan legislation as regards consumer rights

On 1 April 2025, the Commission presented the new European internal security strategy, ProtectEU. The strategy is based on experience with previous internal security strategies, research conducted by EU institutions and agencies, including Europol's SOCTA report, and consultation with all the major stakeholders, including the public. It is part of a wider framework for a safe, secure and resilient EU, and complements the Preparedness Union Strategy, the European Defence White Paper and the European ...

Initiatives at regional and local level frequently complement or reinforce those at European and national level, as well as being better tailored to their specific characteristics. This briefing provides examples of initiatives from regions and cities combating discrimination against and promoting equality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, non-binary, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people.

Smart and sustainable transport plays a significant role in advancing the EU's green and digital transitions under the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the crisis-response instrument the EU launched to boost EU economic recovery in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. All EU Member States included transport-related measures in their national recovery and resilience plans. Member States are collectively investing almost €83 billion in smart and sustainable transport, amounting to 12.8  % of the ...

Since the 2014 invalidation of the Data Retention Directive, the EU legal landscape has become fragmented, causing uncertainty for providers and challenges for law enforcement. With a Commission proposal likely and growing Member State support for a more permissive EU regime, a solid understanding of relevant CJEU case law may help inform Parliament's assessment. Over the past decade, CJEU case law has set detailed requirements for data retention. Laws must respect proportionality and necessity, ...