CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2024-25 Download Free PDF

Language 1

Language 2

Science

Mathematics

Social Science

Skill Subject

Language 3 / Any Academic subject other than those opted for above

Art Education

Health and Physical Education

Chapter 1: Real Numbers

• Euclid's division lemma
• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
• Decimal Expansion of Rational Numbers

Chapter 2: Polynomials

• Zeroes of a Polynomial 
• Relationship between Zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial
• Division Algorithm for Polynomials

Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in two variables

• Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
• Graphical Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations
• Number of Solutions to a System of Equations Algebraically
• Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations
• Word Problems on Pair of Linear Equations in two variables

Chapter 4: Quadratic Equations 

• A standard form of Quadratic Equations
• Solution of a Quadratic equation by different methods
• Roots of a Quadratic Equation
• Word Problems on Quadratic Equations

Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions 

• Introduction to Arithmetic Progressions
• Common difference and Nth term
• Sum of First n Terms

Chapter 6: Triangles

• Similar Triangles
• Criteria for Similarity of Triangles
• Thales’s Theorem
• Areas of Similar Triangles
• Pythagoras' Theorem and its Converse

Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry

• Introduction of Coordinate Geometry
• Distance formula
• Section formula
• Mid-point Formula
• Area of triangle

Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry

• Trigonometric Ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle
• Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles
• Reciprocal of Trigonometric Ratios
• Simple Trigonometric Identities and their proofs

Chapter 9: Some Applications of Trigonometry 

• Introduction to Heights and Distances
• Angle of Elevation
• Angle of Depression

Chapter 10: Circles

• Tangent to a circle
• Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact
• Lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal 

Chapter 11: Constructions

• Division of Line Segment into given ratio internally or externally
• Construction of Similar Triangles 
• Construction of tangents of a circle

Chapter 12: Areas Related to Circles

• Areas of sector and segment of a circle and Problems on it
• Areas of Combinations of Plane Figures

Chapter 13: Surface Areas and Volumes 

• Surface area of a Combination of Solids
• Volumes of a combination of solids

Chapter 14: Statistics 

• Mean, Median, and Mode of grouped data
• Graphical Representation of Cumulative Frequency Distribution

Chapter 15: Probability

• A theoretical approach to Probability 
• Probability of an Event

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

• Chemical Equations – Definition, Representation, Types
• Chemical Reactions
• Reactant and Products
• Types of Chemical Reactions
• What are the Conditions required for a Chemical Reaction?
• Difference between Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
• How to Balance Chemical Equations?
• Important Examples of Writing of Balanced Chemical Equations
• Oxidation and Reduction

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Acids, Bases, and Salts
• Concentrated and Dilute Acids
• Properties of Acids – Definition, Examples, Properties, Uses
• What are Bases? – Definition, Examples, Types, Properties, and Uses
• What is meant by Family of Salts?
• Neutralization Reaction
• Chemical Indicators – Definition, Types, Examples
• What is a Universal Indicator?
• How Strong Are Acids and Bases on the pH Scale?
• Importance of pH in Everyday Life
• Explain the pH Change As the Cause Of Tooth Decay
• Importance of pH in Everyday Life
• pH of Salt Solutions; Acidic, Basic and Neutral Salts
• What is Sodium Chloride? – Definition, Preparation, Properties, Uses
• Caustic Soda, Washing Soda, and Baking Soda – Preparation, Chemical Formula, Properties
• Bleaching Powder – Definition, Structure, Preparation, Properties
• Plaster of Paris

Chapter 3: Metals and non–metals

• Metals and Non-Metals – Definition, Properties, Uses, and Applications
• Exceptions in Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
• Difference between Metals and Non-Metals
• Reactivity Series of Metals
• Types of Chemical Bonds
• Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
• Occurrence of Metals, Minerals, and Ores
• Extraction of Metals from Ores
• The concentration of Ore – Definition, Methods of Separation, Examples
• What is Corrosion?
• Prevention of Corrosion 

Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds

• Carbon – Definition, Properties, Occurrence, Applications
• Covalent Bonding in Covalent Compounds
• Versatile nature of carbon
• What are Catenation and Tetravalency?
• Homologous series
• What are Hydrocarbons?
• Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Alkyl Groups and Cyclic Hydrocarbons
• Functional Groups in Organic Compounds
• Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds
• Ethanol – Definition, Properties, Uses, Harmful Effects
• Ethanoic Acid – Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions
• Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents

Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements

• Early Attempts at Classification
• Mendeleev's Periodic Table
• Modern Periodic Table

Chapter 6: Life Processes

• Introduction to Life Processes and Living Being
• Basic Concept of Nutrition 
• Autotrophic Nutrition
• Heterotrophic Nutrition
• How do organisms obtain their Nutrition?
• Nutrition in Human Beings
• Respiration
• Transportation in Human Beings
• Transportation in Plants
• Excretion
• Excretion In Plants

Chapter 7: Control and Co-ordination

• Animals- Nervous System
• What happens in Reflex Actions?
• Human Brain
• How does the Nervous Tissue cause Action?
• Protection of CNS
• Coordination in Plants
• Movement Due to Growth
• Hormones in Animals

Chapter 8: How do organisms reproduce?

• Do Organisms Create Exact Copies Of Themselves?
• The Importance of Variation
• Modes of Reproduction used by Single Organisms
• Why the sexual mode of Reproduction?
• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
• Reproduction in Human Beings
• Male Reproductive System
• Female Reproductive System
• Reproductive Health

Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution

• Accumulation of Variation during Reproduction
• Heredity
• How do these Traits get Expressed?
• Sex Determination
• Evolution
• Acquired and Inherited Trait
• Speciation
• Evolution and Classification
• Tracing Evolutionary Relationships
• Fossils
• Evolution by Stages
• Human Evolution

Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction

• Reflection of light by curved surfaces
• Images formed by Spherical Mirrors
• Centre of Curvature, Principal axis, Principal focus, and Focal length
• Mirror Formula and Magnification
• Refraction of Light
• Laws of Refraction
• Refractive Index
• Refraction of light and Image formation by spherical lens
• Lens formula and Magnification
• Power of a lens

Chapter 11: Human eye and colourful world

• Functioning of a lens in the human eye
• Defects of vision and their corrections
• Applications of Spherical Mirrors and Lenses
• Refraction of light through a prism
• Dispersion of light
• Scattering of light and applications in Daily life

Chapter 12: Electricity

• Electric current
• Potential Difference and Electric current
• Ohm’s law
• Resistance and Resistivity
• Factors on which the Resistance of a Conductor Depends
• Series and Parallel Combination of Resistors
• Applications of the combination of resistors in daily life
• Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life
• Electric power
• Interrelation between P, V, I and R

Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Current

• Magnetic Field and field lines
• Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
• Magnetic field due to current carrying coil or solenoid
• Magnetic Force on a current-carrying conductor
• Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule 
• Direct current 
• Alternating current
• Advantage of AC over DC
• Domestic electric circuits

Chapter 14: Sources of Energy

• Conventional Sources of Energy
• Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
• Environmental Consequences 

Chapter 15: Our Environment  

• Ecosystem-What are its Components?
• Food Chains and Webs
• Ozone Layer and How it is Getting Depleted
• Managing the Garbage we Produce

Chapter 16: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

• Why do we need to manage our resources?
• Forests and Wildlife
• Management of Forest
• Water for all
• Dams
• Water Harvesting
• Coal and Petroleum
• Overview of Natural Resource Management

• Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
• Dilute NaOH solution
• Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
• Lemon juice
• Water
• Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution

• Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
• Zinc metal
• Solid sodium carbonate

Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into:

A. Combination reaction

B. Decomposition reaction

C. Displacement reaction

D. Double displacement reaction

• Action of water on quicklime
• Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals
• Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution
• Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions.

• ZnSO₄ (aq)
• FeSO₄ (aq)
• CuSO₄ (aq)
• Al₂(SO₄)₃ (aq)

Chapters Name

Important Covered Topics In Particular Chapters

Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation 
• The Making of Nationalism in Europe 
• The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 
• The Making of Germany, Italy and Britain
• Visualizing the Nation
• Nationalism and Imperialism

Chapter 2: Nationalism in India

• The First World War, Khilafat and Non - Cooperation
• Differing Strands within the Movement
• Towards Civil Disobedience, The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
• The Sense of Collective Belonging
• The idea of satyagraha
• Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre

Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World

• The Pre-Modern World
• The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)
• The Interwar Economy
• Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era

Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialization

• Before the Industrial Revolution
• The Pace of Industrial Change
• Hand Labour and Steam Power
• Industrialization in the colonies
• Factories Come Up
• The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
• Market for Goods

Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World

• The First Printed Books
• Print comes to Europe
• The Print Revolution and its Impact
• Development of reading mania in Europe
• The Nineteenth Century
• India and the World of Print
• Religious Reform and Public Debates
• New Forms of Publication
• Print and Censorship

Chapters Name

Important Covered Topics In Particular Chapters

Chapter 1: Resources and Development                       

• Resources and their types
• Development of Resources
• Resource Planning in India 
• Land Resources, Land Utilization, Land Use Pattern in India
• Land Degradation and Conservation
• Soil as a Resource and Classification of Soils
• Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife

• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India 
• Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Community and Conservation
• Flora and Fauna in India

Chapter 3: Water Resources

• Water Scarcity and The Need for Water Conservation and Management
• Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
• Rainwater Harvesting

Chapter 4: Agriculture

• Types of Farming
• Cropping Pattern
• Major Crops
• Food Crops other than Grains
• Non-Food Crops
• Technological and Institutional Reforms
• Food Security
• Impact of Globalization on Agriculture 
• Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy

Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

• What is a mineral? and Mode of occurrence of Minerals
• Classification of Minerals
• Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals
• Metallic Minerals
• Non-Metallic Minerals
• Rock Minerals
• Energy Resources
• Conventional
• Non-Conventional
• Conservation of Energy Resources
• Conservation of Mineral Resources

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

• Importance of Manufacturing
• Industrial location
• Agro-based Industry
• Mineral-based Industries 
• Contribution of the industry to the National Economy
• Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
• Control of Environmental Degradation

Chapter 7: Life Lines of National Economy

• Transport – Roadways, Railways, Pipelines, Waterways, Airways
• Communication 
• International Trade
• Tourism as a Trade

Chapters Name

Important Covered Topics In Particular Chapters

Chapter 1: Power Sharing                                                                                   

• Case Studies of Belgium and Sri Lanka
• Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
• Accommodation in Belgium 
• Why power sharing is desirable?
• Forms of Power Sharing

Chapter 2: Federalism

• What is Federalism?
• What makes India a Federal Country?
• How is Federalism practised?
• Decentralization in India

Chapter 4: Gender, Religion, and Caste

• Gender and Politics
• Women's Political Representation
• Religion, Communalism and Politics
• Caste and Politics

Chapter 6: Political Parties

• Why do we need Political Parties?
• How many Parties should we have?
• National Political Parties
• State Parties
• Challenges to Political Parties
• How can Parties be reformed? 

Chapter 7: Outcomes of Democracy 

• How do we assess democracy's outcomes?
• Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
• Economic growth and development
• Reduction of inequality and poverty
• Accommodation of social diversity
• Dignity and freedom of the citizens
• Challenges faced in democracy
• Outcome of Democracy

Chapters Name

Important Covered Topics In Particular Chapters

Chapter 1: Development

• Introduction to development
• What Development Promises - Different people have different goals
• Income and other goals
• National Development and How to compare different countries or States?
• Income and other criteria
• Public Facilities
• Sustainability of development

Chapter 2: Sectors of the Indian Economy

• Sectors of Economic Activities
• Comparing the three sectors
• Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sectors
• Division of sectors as organized and unorganized
• Sectors in terms of ownership: Public and Private Sectors
• Gross Domestic Product
• How to  create more employment
• Responsibility of the government 

Chapter 3: Money and Credit

• Money as a medium of exchange and Modern forms of money 
• Loan Activities of Banks
• Two different credit situations
• Terms of credit
• Formal sector credit in India
• Self-Help Groups for the Poor

Chapter 4: Globalization and the Indian Economy

• Production across countries
• Interlinking production across countries
• Foreign Trade and integration of markets
• What is globalization? and Factors that have enabled Globalisation
• World Trade Organisation
• Impact of Globalization on India
• The Struggle for a fair Globalisation

Chapter 5: Consumer Rights (to be used as project work only).

• COPRA

Section - A: Reading

• Discursive passage (400-450 words)

• Case-based Factual passage (with visual input/ statistical data/ chart etc. 300-350 words) 
• Multiple Choice Questions based on a Case-based factual passage (with visual input statistical data, chart, etc.) of 300-350 words to test analysis and interpretation. 
• Ten out of twelve questions are to be answered.

• Letter to the Editor
• Letter of Complaint (Official)
• Letter of Complaint (Business)
• Letter of Order
• Letter of Enquiry

Unit 1: Networking                                                               

• Internet: World Wide Web, Web servers, Web clients, Web sites, Web pages, Web browsers, Blogs, news groups,
• HTML, web address, e-mail address,
• Downloading and uploading files from a remote site.
• Internet protocols: TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS.
• Remote login and file transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP
• Services available on the internet: information retrieval, locating sites using search engines and finding people on the net;
• Web services: chat, email, video conferencing, e-Learning, e-Banking, eShopping, e-Reservation, e-Governance, e-Groups, social networking.
• Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.

 Unit 2: HTML

• Introduction to web page designing using HTML: create and save an HTML document, and access a web page using a web browser.
• HTML tags: html, head, title, body, (attributes: text, background, bgcolor, link, vlink, alink), br (break), hr(horizontal rule), inserting comments, h1..h6 (heading), p (paragraph), b (bold), i (italics), u (underline), ul (unordered list), ol (ordered list), and li (list item). Description lists: dl, dt and dd. Attributes of ol (start, type), ul (type).
• Font tags (attributes: face, size, color).
• Insert images: img (attributes: src, width, height, alt), sup (superscript), sub (subscript).
• HTML Forms: Textbox, radio buttons, checkbox, password, list, combobox.
• Embed audio and video in a HTML page.
• Create a table using the tags: table, tr, th, td, rowspan, colspan
• Links: significance of linking, anchor element (attributes: href, mailto), targets.
• Cascading style sheets: colour, background-color, border-style, margin, height, width, outline, font (family, style, size), align, float.

Unit 3: Cyberethics

• Netiquettes.
• Software licenses and the open source software movement.
• Intellectual property rights, plagiarism, and digital property rights.
• Freedom of information and the digital divide.
• E-commerce: Privacy, fraud, secure data transmission.

Computer Applications Important Lab Exercises 2024-2025

• Create static web pages.
• Use style sheets to enforce a format in an HTML page (CSS).
• Embed pictures, audio, and videos on an HTML page.
• Add tables and frames to an HTML page.
• Decorate web pages using graphical elements.
• Create a website using several web pages. Students may use any open-source or proprietary tool.
• Work with HTML forms: text box, radio buttons, checkbox, password, list, combo box.
• Write a blog using HTML pages discussing viruses, malware, spam, and antiviruses
• Create a web page discussing plagiarism. List some reported cases of plagiarism and the consequent punishment meted out. Explain the nature of the punishment in different countries as per their IP laws.
• Create simple stories with Scratch (involving at least two objects/characters) and iteration OR write programs for finding the sum/product of first n natural numbers using Python