Federal courts can't abstain from mixed insurance coverage claims, says Fire-Dex v. Admiral Ins. Co.

View profile for David A. Gauntlett

Insurance Coverage Reimbursement Attorney

Many third-party insurance coverage cases are considered “mixed actions” in that they seek both declaratory relief (e.g., a holding that the insurer should have defended the underlying action) and damages (e.g., the insurer must reimburse all reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred by the insured). In the federal court system, this issue can become important. Federal courts have very little authority to abstain from passing judgment on claims seeking damages, but the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28. U.S.C. § 2201(a), gives federal courts discretion in determining whether to exercise jurisdiction over claims seeking declaratory relief. In Fire-Dex, LLC v. Admiral Ins. Co., 139 F.4th 519 (6th Cir. (Ohio) 2025), the Sixth Circuit concluded that the district court had abused its discretion by remanding the declaratory judgment claims to state court and staying the claims for damages pending resolution of the state court action. Under the test formulated by the panel, a district court “must exercise jurisdiction [if the damages claim] raises the same legal issue as the accompanying declaratory relief claim.” Id. at 534. In the vast majority of third-party insurance coverage cases, that test will be satisfied as both the declaratory relief and damages claims are centered on the same question: are the underlying claims covered (for the duty to indemnify) or potentially covered (for the duty to defend) by the applicable policy? The bottom line is that this ruling removes one method by which policyholders can attempt to effectively win their cases in state courts as opposed to federal courts. Despite both state and federal courts purportedly applying the same legal standards for insurance coverage analysis, this can be a critical distinction. As previously discussed in my earlier blogs, a pattern has recently emerged in which federal courts misconstrue or simply ignore policyholder-friendly coverage principles developed in state courts. See, e.g., David A. Gauntlett, Worrying Trend: Ninth Circuit Expansively Interpreting Exclusions, https://lnkd.in/e2uEgfqU (Mar. 27, 2025).

Renee Xue, MBA CEPA

Founder @ AcquirePilot | AI-Powered Strategic Insights | Unlock Profits, Optimize Value & Exit Strong | CEPA, Certified Exit Planning Advisor, EPI | M&A advisor | Family Office Principal | Executive MBA UCLA | HBS

1mo

Really insightful breakdown. The Sixth Circuit’s approach here will definitely shift how mixed actions are handled, especially with damages and declaratory relief so often tied to the same coverage questions. Appreciate you highlighting how this impacts the balance between state and federal forums—it’s an important nuance for policyholders and practitioners to watch.

Like
Reply

To view or add a comment, sign in

Explore content categories