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Home Buddhism Indian Culture Notes For IAS 2015
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Buddhism Indian Culture Notes For
IAS 2015
Buddhism Indian Culture Notes IAS 2015
Buddhism Indian Culture Notes For IAS 2015
Buddhism in Ancient History of India
Life of Gautama Buddha:
The founder of Buddhism was GautamBuddha, was born
asSiddhartha.
Siddhartha was born in 566 BC at Lumbini (now falls in
territory of Nepal) in theSakya clan of Kshatriya.
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That is why Buddha is also known as Sakyamuni.
He died at 80 years of age in 486 BC at Kushinagar (near
Gorakhpur in uttar Pradesh).
The mother of Siddhartha was Mahamaya who died after
giving birth to him. Thereafter, he wasbrought up by
Prajapati Gautamihis maternal aunt. Therefore, he was
also called Gautam.
The name of hisfather was Sidhdhodhana. He was the only
son of his father.
Siddhartha was married to Yashodhara.
He also had a son named Rahul. But neither his wife nor his
son were able to tie him to the worldly life.
He then left his home and became an ascetic at the age of
29 in search of truth and end of sorrows . This event in
Buddhas life is known as Mahabhishkramana.
Buddhas teachers were Alara and Udarak.
After seven years of roaming around, at the as of 35,
Siddhartha got enlightenment at Uruvela while meditating
on the bank of river Niranjana under a Peepal(Banyan) tree.
This tree is called the Bodhi Tree. The place is known as
Bodh gaya.
Buddha attained the knowledge on the Poornima of
Vaishakha month.
He then gave his first sermon at Sarnath(Varanasi). This
historic event in buddhas life is known as Dhammachakra
Parivartan.
As mentioned above, Buddha passed away in 486 BC under
a Sal tree in Kushinagar (Kushinagar was under Licchhavi
Kingdom).
Various notable rulers of his time were Buddhas disciples
such asPrasenjit, Bimbisara, and Ajatsatru.
Some famous Bikshuks of Budhdhism
wereSariputra,Ananda,Mahakassapa,Annuradha,Upali,
andRahul.
Vardhman Mahavir(Jainism) was a contemporary of Gautam
Buddha(Buddhism).
The events in Buddhas life are depicted by various symbols
in Buddhism:
Event in Life of Buddha
Symbolised by:
Buddhas Birth
Lotus & Bull
The Great Departure (Mahabhinishkramana)
Horse
Enlightment (Nirvana )
Bodhi Tree
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First Sermon (Dhammachakraparivartan)
Wheel
Death (Parinirvana)
Stupa
Buddhist Philosophy:
The Buddhist philosophy is based on Madhyama marga or
the middle path.
According to madhyam marga philosophy, both the
extremes of the world- indulgence and strict abstinence
both are avoided and a middle path between them is
followed.
The main teachings of Buddha are summerised in four
noble truths(Arya satya)of Buddhism:
The world is full of sorrow(Dukkha)
Desire is the cause of sorrow(Dukha samudya)
If desire is conquered all sorrow is won over(Dukha
nirodha)
Desire can be conquered by following eight fold
paths (Ashtangirka Marg)
To conquer the desire, Eight Fold Path has to be followed:
Samyak Drist: Right Understanding
Samyak Sankalpa: Right Resolve
Samyak Vani: Right Speech
Samyak Karma: Right Action
Samyak Ajiv: Right Living
Samyak Vyayam: Right Efforts
Samyak Smriti: Right Mindfulness/thought
Samyak Samadhi: Right Self-Concentration
There are three base Pillars known as Tri-ratnas in
Buddhism: Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha.
Buddha means the highest spiritual potential in every
human being.
Dhamma refers to the teachings of Buddha.
Sangha is the organization of the monks practicing
Buddhism.
China adopted Buddhism in 1st century AD
Buddhist Works:
One of the reasons of spread of Buddhism across the
subcontinent was its use of Pali. Pali was the language of
common people, unlike sanskrit which had become
restricted to the elite Brahamans.
The literary sources of Buddhism are the three Tripitaka
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BuddhismIndianCultureNotesForIAS2015
written in Pali Sutta Pitak , VinayaPitak, and
AbhidhammaPitak.
Dhammapad is known as the Gita of Buddhism. It is
basically canonical text of Buddhism.
Aswaghosa, the buddhist monk was the writer of
Buddhacharita.
MilindaPanho is a Buddhist Treatise about a dialogue
between the Indo-greek king Menander and Buddhist monk
Nagasena.
Sunyavada or the theory of void is propagted by a south
Indian Buddhism Philosopher, Nagarjuna. he wrote
Mulamadhyamakarika, where he wrote that sunyata is the
nature of all things.
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Buddhist Councils:
There were four councils/Sangeethis of Buddhism organised
under different regimes:
I.First CouncilIt was held under the patronage of Ajatshatru(Haryanka
Dynasty) in 486BC.
Monk Mahakassapa Upali presided over the first council.
It was held at Sattapani caves in RajGrihajust after the
death of Buddha.
Compilation of VinayPitaka and SuttaPitaka was
accomplished here.
II. Second CouncilIn 383 BC. under the patronage of Kalashoka (Shishunaga
Dynasty).
It was held at Vaishali after one century of Buddhas
death(parinirvana).
The second council was presided over by Sarvakamini.
First division in Sangha took place. Theravedin and
Mahasanghika split up here.
III.Third CouncilIn 250 BC under the patronage of King Ashoka.
It was held at Pataliputra
It was presided by Mogaliputta Tissa.
Compilation of AbhidhamPitaka was done.
IV.Fourth Councilhttp://www.studydhaba.com/buddhismindianculturenotesforias2015/
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In the 1st century AD, under patronage of King
Kanishka(Kushan dynasty).
It was held in Kundalvana of Kashmir.
Under the presidency of Vasumitra along with Asvaghosha.
Buddhism was divided into two sects namely, Hinayana and
Mahayana.
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