National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Performance and
Year

2006
Fiscal Year

Accountability Report
Fiscal
 Table of Contents

PART 1: MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Mission, Vision, Values, & Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
NASA’s Mission Is on Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Making Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
NASA’s Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
NASA’s Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
NASA Headquarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Building Healthy NASA Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Measuring NASA’s Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Establishing Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Performance Measures . . . . . .7
Rating NASA’s Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
President’s Management Agenda (PMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Major Program Annual Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Performance Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Progress Toward Achieving NASA’s Strategic Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
A Guide to Performance Overviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Strategic Goal 1: Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until its retirement,
not later than 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Strategic Goal 2: Complete the International Space Station in a manner
consistent with NASA’s International Partner commitments and the needs
of human exploration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Goal 3: Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration,
and aeronautics consistent with the redirection of the human spaceflight
program to focus on exploration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Sub-goal 3A: Study Earth from space to advance scientific understanding
and meet societal needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Sub-goal 3B: Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth and the solar system. . . . . . . .25
Sub-goal 3C: Advance scientific knowledge of the origin and history of
the solar system, the potential for life elsewhere, and the hazards
and resources present as humans explore space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Sub-goal 3D: Discover the origin, structure, evolution, and destiny of
the universe, and search for Earth-like planets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

 Sub-goal 3E: Advance knowledge in the fundamental disciplines
of aeronautics, and develop technologies for safer aircraft and higher
capacity airspace systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Sub-goal 3F: Understand the effects of the space environment on human
performance, and test new technologies and countermeasures
for long-duration human space exploration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Strategic Goal 4: Bring a new Crew Exploration Vehicle into service
as soon as possible after Shuttle retirement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Strategic Goal 5: Encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships
with the emerging commercial space sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Strategic Goal 6: Establish a lunar return program having the maximum
possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Financial Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Financial Statements and Stewardship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Overview of Financial Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Ending Net Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Limitation of the Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Key Financial-Related Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Systems, Controls, & Legal Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Overview . 55
Management Assurances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Corrective Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
New Material Weakness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Continuing Material Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Closed Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Office of the Inspector General Statement on Material Weaknesses at the Agency . . . . . . . . .61
Federal Financial Management Improvement Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Improper Payments Information Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
NASA’s Efforts to Identify Erroneous/Improper Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
NASA’s Planned Fiscal Year 2007 IPIA Compliance Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Legal Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Looking Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Staying on Target and on Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Maximizing NASA’s Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Improving Agency Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Thinking (and Contracting) Outside of the Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Strengthening International Relationships and Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

iv NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

PART 2: DETAILED PERFORMANCE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Detailed Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
NASA’s Performance Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Strategic Goal 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Strategic Goal 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Strategic Goal 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Sub-goal 3A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Sub-goal 3B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Sub-goal 3C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Sub-goal 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Sub-goal 3E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Sub-goal 3F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Strategic Goal 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Strategic Goal 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Strategic Goal 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Cross-Agency Support Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Advanced Business Systems (Integrated Enterprise Management Program) . . . . . . . . . .138
Innovative Partnerships Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Efficiency Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
NASA’s FY 2006 Performance Improvement Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
PART 3: FINANCIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
Message from the Chief Financial Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Financial Management Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
2006 Financial Management Improvement Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Introduction to the Principal Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Office of Inspector General Letter on Audit of NASA’s Financial Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Report of the Independent Auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Chief Financial Officer’s Response to the Audit Report of the Independent Auditors . . . . . . .235
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Appendix A: Audit Follow-up Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Appendix B: FY 2005 Performance Improvement Plan Follow-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Appendix C: OMB Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Appendix D: Source Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS v
Part 3: Financials
 Previous page: A trainer helps lower astronauts Joseph Tanner and Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper (partially obscured),
both STS-115 mission specialists, into the water of NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory, located near the Johnson Space
Center. Tanner and Stefanyshyn-Piper are attired in training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit spacesuit. SCUBA-
equipped divers are in the water to assist the crewmembers in their rehearsal, intended to help prepare them for work on
the exterior of the International Space Station. (NASA)
Above: Astronaut Clayton Anderson, wearing shorts and a skull cap, remains still during a three-hour process in which
NASA technicians use new laser technology to gather data about his physical measurements (large photo). The tech-
nicians use the data to create a three-dimensional Audio Video Interleaved file of the astronaut’s body (upper left) that
they can use to match the astronaut with a spacesuit of the correct size and shape. By expanding and analyzing the
database, scientists and engineers can determine what kinds of general body shapes, heights, arm lengths, hand sizes,
and and other measurements are most common among those selected to fly in space. (NASA)

156 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Message from
the Chief Financial Officer

NASA’s financial community enters fiscal year (FY) 2007 with an unwavering commit-
ment to achieving financial management excellence. Recognizing the progress we
have made over the past year, we acknowledge continued room for improvement and
fully accept responsibility for improving the health and operation of the Agency’s finan-
cial management processes.

In FY 2006, the Agency implemented a broad program of corrective actions to address

its financial management weaknesses. Progress on those corrective actions is the result
of significant cross-Agency effort. Much of the work that remains is in the stabilization
of improved processes so that they consistently and regularly deliver expected results.
In their report, the Agency’s independent auditors acknowledged the progress made
in NASA’s financial management processes, particularly in the areas of differences in
Fund Balance with Treasury and the estimation of Unfunded Environmental Liabilities.
I am pleased to report that both of these weaknesses were resolved in FY 2006. NASA will continue to monitor
reconciliation processes and other associated controls to ensure that these accounts remain firmly in control.

While the Agency has made progress, significant challenges remain. The Agency’s independent auditors, have
noted two modified repeat conditions, both material weaknesses, for FY 2006: Financial Systems, Analyses and
Oversight; and Property, Plant and Equipment. System and process limitations continue to require compensating
controls, and have limited NASA’s ability to accumulate, analyze, and distribute reliable financial information. The
Agency recognizes these deficiencies and continues to work diligently toward their resolution. We invite you to read
the expanded financial management section that follows to learn more about these weaknesses and the improve-
ment actions we completed in FY 2006.

In addition to the corrective actions taken, FY 2006 was also a year of preparation for a major update to NASA’s
Core Financial system. Enhancements to the system, to be implemented with the beginning of FY 2007, will further
integrate our process changes and improve our systems. Also, we will continue to use the practice initiated last
year to develop a FY 2006 Financial Audit Corrective Action Plan. We are working diligently to meet the require-
ments for an opinion to be rendered on our FY 2007 financial statements.

NASA’s mission success includes healthy financial management and effective reporting on the resources entrusted
to the Agency. We remain dedicated to achieving that mission.

Sincerely,

Gwendolyn Sykes
Chief Financial Officer

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 157

Financial Management Improvement
In FY 2006, NASA implemented a Financial Audit Corrective Action Plan (CAP) to address weaknesses identified in
the 2005 financial audit. The steps the Agency took in support of the CAP leveraged the stabilization gains made
in 2005. As of the 3rd Quarter of FY 2006, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) acknowledged NASA’s
progress toward improved financial management by upgrading its measure for NASA’s Financial Management PMA
progress to “Yellow.”

The Agency recognizes that there is much work to be done as it continues to improve NASA’s financial man-
agement performance. NASA is aggressively working toward eliminating all financial weaknesses as a part of
the Agency’s effort toward achieving auditable financial records and actionable financial information for decision
making. A summary of progress and accomplishments, by FY 2005 audit weakness, follows.

2006 Financial Management Improvement Efforts

1. Financial Systems, Analyses, and Oversight
To improve NASA’s ability to accumulate, analyze and distribute reliable financial information, the Agency has
developed and is implementing procedures to validate financial data and processes in the Agency’s Core Financial
system, strengthened internal controls to ensure consistency with authoritative guidance, and aligned its external
financial reporting with federal requirements.
Statement of Material Weakness:
Following NASA’s Financial Management Requirements, Financial Systems, Analyses, and Oversight
Volume 19—Periodic Monitoring Controls Activities, each
Summary Auditor Finding:
NASA Center conducts regular reconciliations of key financial
“Although progress was made [since the 2004
accounts or activities. The results of these reconciliations, audit], significant financial management issues
including associated corrective action plans, are certified continue to impair NASA’s ability to accumu-
by Center CFOs and reported to NASA Headquarters on a late, analyze, and distribute reliable financial
monthly basis. As a result, NASA is given a view of any emerg- information.”
ing systemic data integrity issues, which facilitates coordi- (Reference: NASA FY 2005 Performance and
nated improvements designed to eliminate the root causes of Accountability Report (PAR), Part 3, page 193)
issues.

In addition, the Agency prepares monthly and quarterly Agency financial statements within 30 days of period
close. This process includes the documentation of any data anomalies or corrections, and statement analyses.
Monthly financial statements are used to ensure appropriate processing of financial information. Also, compared to
FY 2005, NASA modified the presentation of its Statement of Net Costs to provide a breakdown of net costs by
major lines of business, consistent with Office of Management and Budget Circular A-136. The ability to associate
costs to major lines of business is a result of a major account structure change that NASA introduced at the begin-
ning of the fiscal year.

Finally, the Agency developed and published monthly financial metrics, providing both process and outcome
measures of NASA’s financial performance. These metrics are reviewed at monthly financial management senior
leader-ship meetings to discuss performance and trends, and to share best practices.

Throughout 2007, the Agency will continue to review and certify Center-level financial accounts and activities on
a monthly basis. Financial statements and metrics, also on a monthly basis, will be prepared and reviewed by
management.

2. Property, Plant and Equipment

To address material weaknesses in Property, Plant and Equipment accounting, NASA has taken steps in FY 2006
to rectify policy and process weaknesses.

NASA is considering a change in its accounting policy for Theme Assets to reclassify some costs previously
categorized as General Property, Plant & Equipment (PP&E) as Research and Development (R&D) expenses. In

158 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

FY 2006, NASA drafted a policy to implement this change and

requested that FASAB clarify the accounting standards the Statement of Material Weakness:
Enhancements needed for controls over Property,
Agency used as the basis for the draft change. NASA antici-
Plant and Equipment (PP&E) and materials
pates a response from FASAB in FY 2007.
Summary Auditor Finding:
Also in 2006, NASA implemented compensating controls to “Consistent with prior year audit reports, our
address PP&E process weaknesses, including establishment review of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E),
of procurement guidance to facilitate improved accounting totaling approximately $35.0 billion, identified
serious weaknesses in internal control that, if not
for property furnished to contractors. NASA is developing
corrected, could prevent material misstatements
improved business processes for all asset categories to from being detected and corrected in a timely
improve the effective lifecycle management of PP&E. manner.”
(Reference: NASA FY 2005 Performance and
In 2007, the Agency expects to finalize its accounting treat- Accountability Report (PAR), Part 3, page 203)
ment policy for NASA’s Theme Assets. Also, NASA will align
policies, processes and systems for all of its asset categories
with the appropriate accounting treatments. This includes
alignment of contract requirements, related primarily to con-
tractor property reporting, with agreed upon policies. Statement of Material Weakness:
Further Research Required to Resolve Fund
3. Fund Balance with Treasury Balance With Treasury Differences
To address NASA’s 2005 material weakness in Fund Balance Summary Auditor Finding:
with Treasury (FBWT), the Agency has resolved outstanding “Although we were informed that many errors
reconciling items from prior periods and introduced reconcilia- from FY 2003 were resolved, significant errors
within the accounting system were still being
tion procedures that are tracking current period differences so
identified by NASA in FY 2005. Fund balance with
they may be resolved in a timely manner. NASA Centers are Treasury reconciliation processes were ineffective
required to provide monthly reconciliation reports for Agency in FY 2004 and much of FY 2005, through the date
measurement and oversight. of our visits to centers, but it is our understanding
that steps taken by NASA in the last quarter of the
NASA will continue to monitor FBWT differences on a monthly year are believed by NASA management to have
basis. Corrective actions will be taken on each difference, and substantially improved the effectiveness of such
progress on those actions will be monitored to ensure that reconciliations.”
differences are resolved in a timely manner. (Reference: NASA FY 2005 Performance and
Accountability Report (PAR), Part 3, page 201)
4. Estimation of Environmental Liabilities
To address weaknesses in the estimation of NASA’s unfunded
environmental liabilities (UEL), the Agency implemented poli-
cies, processes, tools and training that generated auditable Statement of Reportable Condition:
estimates of UEL for all Centers by the second Quarter of Internal controls in estimating NASA’s Environ-
FY 2006. mental Liabilities require enhancement
Summary Auditor Finding
To develop these estimates, NASA enhanced the policies “During our review of NASA’s environmental liabil-
and procedures for the estimation of unfunded environmental ity estimates totaling $825 million as of September
liabilities for both environmental engineers and accountants. 30, 2005, and related disclosures to the financial
These policies and procedures are documented and consis- statements, we continued to note weaknesses in
tent for all Centers, resulting in more uniform, reliable and valid NASA’s ability to generate an auditable estimate
estimates. of its unfunded environmental liabilities (UEL) and
to identify potential financial statement disclosure
The Agency also held joint training classes for environmental items because of a lack of sufficient, auditable evi-
engineers and accountants responsible for determining and dence.”
documenting unfunded environmental liability (UEL) to ensure (Reference: NASA FY 2005 Performance and
Accountability Report (PAR), Part 3, page 207)
consistent understanding and practice.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 159

Introduction to the Principal Financial Statements
The Principal Financial Statements have been prepared to report the financial position and results of operations of
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Statements have been prepared from the books
and records of NASA in accordance with formats prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in
Circular A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements. The statements are in addition to financial reports prepared
by the Agency in accordance with OMB and U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) directives to monitor and
control the status and use of budgetary resources, which are prepared from the same books and records. The
statements should be read with the understanding that they are for a components of the U.S. Government, a sov-
ereign entity. The Agency has no authority to pay liabilities not covered by budgetary resources. Liquidation of such
liabilities requires enactment of an appropriation. Comparative data for 2005 are included where available.

NASA’s Principal Financial Statements include the following:

The Consolidated Balance Sheet provides information on assets, liabilities, and net position similar to balance
sheets reported in the private sector. Assets must equal the sum of liabilities and net position.

The Consolidated Statement of Net Cost reports the components of the net costs of the Agency’s operations for
the period. The net cost of operations consists of the gross cost incurred by the Agency less any exchange (i.e.,
earned) revenue from activities.

The Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Position reports the beginning net position, the transactions
that affect net position for the period, and the ending net position.

The Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources provides information on how budgetary resources were
made available and their status at the end of the year. Information in this statement is reported on the budgetary
basis of accounting.

The Consolidated Statement of Financing reports the relationship between budgetary transactions and financial
transactions.

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information provides information on the Agency’s Research and
Development costs.

Required Supplementary Information contains a Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources and information
on Deferred Maintenance.

160 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Consolidated Balance Sheet
As of September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Assets (Note 2):
Intragovernmental Assets
Fund Balance with Treasury (Note 3) $ 9,585 $ 8,146
Investments (Note 4) 17 17
Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 5) 180 136
Total Intragovernmental Assets 9,782 8,299

Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 5) 5 60

Inventory and Related Property, Net (Note 6) 2,330 3,019
General Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Note 7) 33,193 34,926
Total Assets $ 45,310 $ 46,304

Stewardship PP&E (Note 17)

Liabilities (Note 8):

Intragovernmental Liabilities
Accounts Payable $ 145 $ 56
Other Liabilities (Note 9) 157 124
Total Intragovernmental Liabilities 302 180

Accounts Payable 1,703 2,076

Federal Employee and Veteran Benefits 60 62
Environmental and Disposal Liabilities (Note 10) 893 825
Other Liabilities (Notes 9 and 11) 355 340
Total Liabilities 3,313 3,483

Net Position:
Unexpended Appropriations 6,981 5,318
Cumulative Results of Operations 35,016 37,503
Total Net Position 41,997 42,821
Total Liabilities and Net Position $ 45,310 $ 46,304

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 161

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Consolidated Statement of Net Cost
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions)

Cost by Business Line

Unaudited 2006

Science

Gross Costs $ 6,628

Less: Earned Revenue 348
Net Costs 6,280

Exploration Systems
Gross Costs 2,704
Less: Earned Revenue 88
Net Costs 2,616

Aeronautics Research
Gross Costs 1,129
Less: Earned Revenue 79
Net Costs 1,050

Space Operations
Gross Costs 8,120
Less: Earned Revenue 424
Net Costs 7,696

Net Cost of Operations $ 17,642

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

162 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Consolidated Statement of Net Cost
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2005

Program Cost:

Gross Costs $ 16,085

Less: Earned Revenues 879
Net Cost of Operations $ 15,206

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 163

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Position
For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Cumulative Results of Operations:
Beginning Balances $ 37,503 $ 36,934

Budgetary Financing Sources:

Appropriations Used 14,958 15,588
Nonexchange Revenue 48 35

Other Financing Sources:

Transfers In Without Reimbursement — 1
Imputed Financing 149 151
Total Financing Sources 15,155 15,775

Net Cost of Operations (17,642) (15,206)

Net Change (2,487) 569
Cumulative Results of Operations $ 35,016 $ 37,503

Unexpended Appropriations:
Beginning Balances $ 5,318 $ 4,771

Budgetary Financing Sources:

Appropriations Received 16,842 16,324
Appropriations Used (14,958) (15,588)
Appropriations Transferred In/Out 26 —
Other Adjustments (247) (189)
Total Budgetary Financing Sources $ 1,663 $ 547
Total Unexpended Appropriations $ 6,981 $ 5,318
Net Position $ 41,997 $ 42,821

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

164 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources
For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Budgetary Resources:
Unobligated Balance, Brought Forward, October 1: $ 2,241 $ 3,101
Recoveries of Prior Year Unpaid Obligations 368 10

Budgetary Authority
Appropriation 16,843 16,315
Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections
Earned
Collected 989 851
Change in Receivables from Federal Sources 41 21
Change in Unfilled Customer Orders
Advance Received 57 10
Without Advance from Federal Sources (208) 117
Subtotal 17,722 17,314

Nonexpenditure Transfers, Net

Actual Transfers, Budget Authority 26 —

Permanently Not Available

Cancellations of Expired and No-year Accounts (37) (60)
Enacted Reductions (210) (129)
Total Budgetary Resources $ 20,110 $ 20,236

Status of Budgetary Resources:

Obligations Incurred (Note 14)
Direct $ 16,768 $ 16,979
Reimbursable 1,005 1,019
Total Obligations Incurred 17,773 17,998

Unobligated Balance
Apportioned 2,143 2,073
Exempt from Apportionment 4 4
Total Unobligated Balances, Available 2,147 2,077

Unobligated Balance Not Available 190 161

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 20,110 $ 20,236

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 165

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources (Continued)
For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Change in Obligated Balance:
Obligated Balances, Net
Unpaid Obligations Brought Forward, October 1 (Note 13) $ 6,525 $ 4,972
Less: Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources,
Brought Forward, October 1 552 413
Total Unpaid Obligated Balances, Net 5,973 4,559

Obligations Incurred, Net 17,773 17,998

Less: Gross Outlays 16,259 16,472

Less: Recoveries of Prior Year Unpaid Obligations 368 10

Change in Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources 167 (138)

Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period

Unpaid Obligations 7,671 6,488
Less: Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources 385 551
Total, Unpaid Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period 7,286 5,937

Net Outlays:
Net Outlays:
Gross Outlays 16,259 16,472
Less: Offsetting Collections 1,045 861
Less: Distributed Offsetting Receipts 8 —
Net Outlays $ 15,206 $ 15,611

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

166 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Consolidated Statement of Financing
For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Resources Used to Finance Activities:
Budgetary Resource Obligated
Obligations Incurred $ 17,773 $ 17,998
Less: Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections and Recoveries 1,247 1,009
Obligations Net of Offsetting Collections and Recoveries 16,526 16,989
Less: Offsetting Receipts 8 —
Net Obligations 16,518 16,989

Other Resources:
Transfers In Without Reimbursements — 1
Imputed Financing from Costs Absorbed by Others 149 151
Net Other Resources Used to Finance Activities 149 152

Total Resources Used to Finance Activities 16,667 17,141

Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost of Operations
Change in Budgetary Resources Obligated for Goods, Services, and Benefits
Ordered but Not Yet Provided (1,598) (1,389)
Resources That Fund Expenses Recognized in Prior Periods (47) (194)
Budgetary Offsetting Collections and Receipts that Do Not Affect the Net Costs
of Operations—Other 55 (35)
Resources that Finance the Acquisition of Assets (3,474) (4,794)
Other Resources or Adjustments to Net Obligated Resources that Do Not Affect
Net Cost of Operation — (1)

Total Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of

the Net Cost of Operations (5,064) (6,413)

Total Resources Used to Finance the Net Cost of Operations 11,603 10,728

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 167

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Consolidated Statement of Financing (Continued)
For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2006, and September 30, 2005
(In Millions)

Unaudited 2006 Unaudited 2005

Components of Net Cost That Will Not Require or Generate Resources in
the Current Period
Components Requiring or Generating Resources in Future Periods: (Note 16)
Increases\Decreases in Annual Leave Liability 8 (4)
Increase in Environmental and Disposal Liability 68 —
Increase in Exchange Revenue Receivable from the Public — 28
Other 180 44
Total Components of Net Cost that Will Require or Generate
Resources in Future Periods 256 68

Components Not Requiring or Generating Resources

Depreciation 5,730 4,417
Revaluation of Assets or Liabilities 7 —
Other 46 (7)
Total Components of Net Cost of Operations that Will Not Require or
Generate Resources 5,783 4,410
Total Components of Net Cost of Operations that Will Not Require or Generate
Resources in the Current Period 6,039 4,478

Net Cost of Operations $ 17,642 $ 15,206

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

168 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Reporting Entity

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent Agency that was established by Congress on
October 1, 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958. NASA was incorporated from the Agency’s predecessor or-
ganization, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which provided technical advice to the United States aviation industry
and performed aeronautics research. Today, NASA serves as the fulcrum for initiatives by the U.S. in civil space and aviation.

As of August 2004, NASA is organized into four Business Lines which focus on the following objectives:

• Exploration Systems: creating new capabilities, supporting technologies and foundational research for affordable, sus-
tainable human and robotic exploration;
• Space Operations: providing critical enabling technologies for much of the rest of NASA through the Space Shuttle, the
International Space Station, and flight support;
• Science: exploring the Earth, moon, Mars, and beyond; charting the best route of discovery, and reaping the benefits of
Earth and space exploration for society; and
• Aeronautics Research: conducting research that will enhance significantly aircraft performance, environmental compat-
ibility, and safety, and that also will enhance the capacity, flexibility, and safety of the future air transportation system.

In addition, NASA has nine Business Line (Mission) Support Offices, including the Office of the Chief Financial Officer and
Institutions & Management. The Agency’s transformed structure includes a Strategic Management Council, an Operations
Management Council and a Program Management Council to integrate NASA’s strategic, tactical and operational decisions, and
a number of new or reconstituted committees that support NASA’s focus and direction. The transformed organizational structure
is designed to streamline the Agency and position it to better implement the Vision for Space Exploration.

The nine NASA Centers, NASA Headquarters, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory carry out the activities of the Mission Director-
ates. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a federally funded Research and Development Center owned by NASA but managed by an
independent contractor.

The accompanying financial statements of NASA include the accounts of all funds which have been established and maintained to
account for the resources under the control of NASA management.

Basis of Accounting and Presentation

These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the
United States of America as promulgated by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) and the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements. FASAB is recognized by the American Institute
of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) as the official accounting standards-setting body of the United States government entities.
The statements include the financial position, net cost of operations, changes in net position, budgetary resources, and financing of
NASA, as required by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 and the Government Management Reform Act of 1994.

The financial statements should be read with the realization they are a component of the U.S. government, a sovereign entity. One
implication of this is that liabilities cannot be liquidated without legislation providing resources and legal authority to do so. The ac-
counting structure of federal agencies is designed to reflect both accrual and budgetary accounting transactions. Under the accrual
method of accounting, revenues are recognized when earned and expenses are recognized when a liability is incurred, without
regard to receipt or payment of cash. Budgetary accounting facilitates compliance with legal constraints and controls over the use of
federal funds.

Budgets and Budgetary Accounting

NASA follows standard Federal budgetary accounting policies and practices in accordance with OMB Circular A-11, Preparation,
Submission and Execution of the Budget. Budgetary accounting facilitates compliance with legal constraints and controls over
the use of Federal Funds. Congress funds NASA using three appropriations: Science, Aeronautics and Exploration; Exploration
Capabilities; and Office of Inspector General.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 169

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The Science, Aeronautics and Exploration appropriation supports the following Business Lines: Science; Exploration Systems; and
Aeronautics Research. The Exploration Capabilities appropriation supports the Space Operations Business Line which includes the
Space Station, Space Shuttle, and Space and Flight Support. The Office of Inspector General appropriation funds the audit and
investigation activities of the Agency.

Reimbursements to NASA appropriations are used to fund agreements between the Agency and other federal entities or the public.
As part of its reimbursable program, NASA launches devices into space and provides tracking and data relay services for the U.S.
Department of Defense, the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration, and the National Weather Service.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

NASA requires major contractors to provide an estimate of their anticipated billing prior to their sending the actual invoice to the
agency. In addition, NASA also requires the contractors to provide an estimate for the next month’s anticipated work. When NASA
receives these estimates they are compared to the contract under which the work is performed. If the estimate exceeds a specified
funding line item the program manager and the procurement official, as necessary, review the estimate prior to posting in the general
ledger as an estimated liability. If the review is not completed within the timeframe for quarterly or yearly reporting, the Agency
uses the estimates of activity through the current period to establish an estimated liability, however, in this instance the agency fully
recognizes that “no agency has the authority to pay liabilities not covered by budgetary resources.” Liability to the contractor is not
established by receipt of these estimates, but only when accepted by the Agency.

Fund Balance with Treasury

Treasury processes cash receipts and disbursements for NASA. Fund Balance with Treasury includes appropriated funds, trust
funds, deposit funds, and budget clearing accounts.

Investments in U.S. Government Securities

Investments include the following Intragovernmental non-marketable securities:

(1) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Endeavor Teacher Fellowship Trust Fund established from public donations in
tribute to the crew of the Space Shuttle Challenger.

(2) Science, Space and Technology Education Trust Fund established for programs to improve science and technology education.

Accounts Receivable

Most receivables are for reimbursement of research and development costs related to satellites and launch services. The allowance
for uncollectible accounts is based upon evaluation of public accounts receivable, considering the probability of failure to collect
based upon current status, financial and other relevant characteristics of debtors, and the relationship with the debtor. Under a
cross-servicing agreement with the Department of Treasury, public accounts receivable over 180 days delinquent are turned over
to Treasury for collection. The receivable remains on NASA’s books until Treasury determines the receivable is uncollectible or the
receivable is internally written off and closed out.

Inventory and Related Property

Inventory held by Centers and contractors that are repetitively procured, stored and issued on the basis of demand are considered
Operating Materials and Supplies, a category of Inventory and Related Property. Certain NASA contractors’ inventory management
systems do not distinguish between items that should be classified as materials and those that should be classified as depreciable
property. NASA reclassifies as property, all materials valued at $100,000 or greater, in support of large-scale assets such as the
Space Shuttle and the International Space Station.

170 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CONTINUED

General Property, Plant and Equipment

The Agency and its contractors and grantees hold NASA-owned property, plant, and equipment. Property with a unit cost of
$100,000 or more and a useful life of 2 years or more is capitalized; all other property is expensed when purchased. Capitalized
costs include all costs incurred by NASA to bring the property to a form and location suitable for its intended use. Under provisions
of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), contractors are responsible for control over accountability for Government-owned prop-
erty in their possession. NASA’s contractors and grantees report on NASA property in their custody annually and its top contractors
report monthly.

Capitalized costs for internally developed software include the full costs (direct and indirect) incurred during the software develop-
ment stage only. For purchased software, capitalized costs include amounts paid to vendors for the software and material internal
costs incurred by the Agency to implement and make the software ready for use through acceptance testing. When NASA pur-
chases software as part of a package of products and services (for example: training, maintenance, data conversion, reengineering,
site licenses, and rights to future upgrades and enhancements), capitalized and non-capitalized costs of the package are allocated
among individual elements on the basis of a reasonable estimate of their relative fair market values. Costs that are not susceptible
to allocation between maintenance and relatively minor enhancements are expensed.

NASA capitalizes costs for internal use software when the total projected cost is $1,000,000 or more and the expected useful life of
the software is 2 years or more. These Financial Statements report depreciation expense using the straight-line method.

NASA began depreciating the International Space Station in FY 2001 when manned by the first permanent crew. Only the Station’s
major elements in space are depreciated; any on-ground elements are reported as Assets Under Construction (AUC) until launched
and incorporated into the existing Station structure.

Working Capital Fund

Congress established the NASA Working Capital Fund (WCF) during fiscal year 2003 with the enactment of the FY 2003 Appropria-
tions Act (P.L. 108-7). The Department of Treasury established a unique account for NASA that same fiscal year. During FY 2006
the NASA WCF consisted of two entities: 1) a Government-Wide Acquisition Contract (GWAC) that provides the latest in Information
Technology (IT) products. This provided a simplified process for obtaining high-end commercial IT hardware and software at favor-
able prices through volume buying. 2) An agency-wide Service Center, NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC).

NASA Shared Service Center

NASA Shared Services Center opened March 1, 2006 on the grounds of Stennis Space Center. The NSSC is a public/private
partnership between NASA and Computer Sciences Corporation Service Providers. The mixed staff of civil service and contractor
personnel, performs a variety of consolidated transactional and administrative activities that were once carried out at each NASA
center and Headquarters. These functions consisted of responsibilities in the following areas: Financial Management (FM), Human
Resources (HR), Information Technology (IT) and Procurement.

Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources

Liabilities covered by budgetary resources are liabilities that are covered by realized budgetary resources as of the balance sheet
date. Realized budgetary resources include new budget authority, unobligated balances of budgetary resources at the beginning
of the year, and spending authority from offsetting collections. Examples include accounts payable and salaries. Accounts Payable
includes amounts recorded for the receipt of goods or services furnished.

Liabilities and Contingencies Not Covered by Budgetary Resources

Generally liabilities not covered by budgetary resources are liabilities for which Congressional action is needed before budgetary
resources can be provided. Examples include the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA) actuarial liability and contingen-
cies.

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources include certain environmental matters, legal claims, pensions and other retirement
benefits (ORB), workers’ compensation, annual leave, and closed appropriations.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 171

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CONTINUED

Reclassifications of 2005 Information

Certain reclassifications have been made to Fiscal Year 2005 financial statements and footnotes to conform to OMB’s changes to
Circular A-136 effective in Fiscal Year 2006.

Annual, Sick, and Other Leave

Annual leave is accrued as it is earned; the accrual is reduced as leave is taken. Each year, the balance in the accrued annual leave
account is adjusted to reflect current pay rates. To the extent current or prior year appropriations are not available to fund annual
leave earned but not taken, funding will be obtained from future financing sources. Sick leave and other types of non-vested leave
are expensed as taken.

Federal Employee and Veterans’ Benefits

Agency employees participate in the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), a defined benefit plan, or the Federal Employees Re-
tirement System (FERS), a defined benefit and contribution plan. For CSRS employees, NASA makes contributions of 8.51 percent
of pay. For FERS employees, NASA makes contributions of 10.7 percent to the defined benefit plan, contributes 1 percent of pay
to a retirement saving plan (contribution plan), and matches employee contributions up to an additional 4 percent of pay. For FERS
employees, NASA also contributes to employer’s matching share for Social Security.

Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, “Accounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government,” require Govern-
ment agencies to report the full cost of employee health benefits (FEHB), and the Federal Employees Group Life Insurance (FEGLI)
Programs. NASA used the applicable cost factors and imputed financing sources from the Office of Personnel and Management
Letter For Chief Financial Officers, dated August 16, 2004, in these Financial Statements.

Environmental and Disposal Liabilities

The Agency records a liability for environmental and disposal clean-up costs from NASA operations that resulted in contamination
from waste disposal methods, leaks, spills, and other past activity that created a public health or environmental risk. These liabilities
are assessed by the engineers and finance staff to be probable, reasonably possible or remote. Mid-year determinations are made
of the status of these unfunded liabilities and year end updates are made for any changes up or down that exceed $200,000 and
probable losses for which an estimate of remediation costs can be made are recorded. More details are also found in Note 10.

172 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 2. NON-ENTITY ASSETS

(In Millions of Dollars)

Non-Entity Assets are those assets that are held by NASA but are not available for use by NASA.

2006 2005
Intragovernmental:
Fund Balance with Treasury $ 1 $ —
Accounts Receivable 2 5
Total Intragovernmental $ 3 $ 5

Due from the Public:

Accounts Receivable — 11
Total Non-Entity Assets 3 16
Total Entity Assets 45,307 46,288
Total Assets $ 45,310 $ 46,304

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 173

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 3. FUND BALANCE WITH TREASURY

(In Millions of Dollars)

Fund Balance with Treasury balance is the aggregate amount of all NASA agency location codes (ALC) accounts at Treasury, for
which the agency is authorized to make expenditures and pay liabilities. The fund types are trust, appropriated and other funds.

Trust Funds include balances in Endeavor Teacher Fellowship Trust Fund, National Space Grant Program, Science, Space and Tech-
nology Education Trust Fund, and Gifts and Donations.

Appropriated Funds include balances in Space Flight Capabilities, Science, Aeronautics, and Exploration, Mission Support, Human
Space Flight, Science, Aeronautics, and Technology, and Office of Inspector General.

Other Fund types include Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures, General Fund Proprietary Interest, Working Capital Fund, Collections of
Receivables from Canceled Appropriations, General Fund Proprietary Receipts, Budget Clearing and Suspense, Unavailable Check
Cancellation, Undistributed Intergovernmental Payment, State and Local Taxes, Other Payroll, and US Employee Allotment Account,
Savings Bonds.

Fund Balances

2006 2005
Trust Funds $ 4 $ 4
Appropriated Funds 9,542 8,169
Working Capital Fund 33 —
Other Fund Types 6 (27)
Total $ 9,585 $ 8,146

The status of Fund Balance with Treasury represents the total fund balance as reflected in the general ledger for unobligated and ob-
ligated balances. Unobligated Balances—Available represent the amount remaining in appropriation accounts that are available for
obligation in future fiscal years. Unobligated Balances—Unavailable represent the amount remaining in appropriation accounts that
can only be used for adjustments to previously recorded obligations. Obligated Balances—Not Yet Disbursed represent the cumula-
tive amount of obligations incurred, including accounts payable and advances from reimbursable customers, for which outlays have
not been made.

Status of Fund Balance with Treasury

2006 2005
Unobligated Balance
Available $ 2,147 $ 2,077
Unavailable 190 161
Obligated Balance Not Yet Disbursed 7,247 5,937
Clearing and Deposit Accounts 1 (29)
Total $ 9,585 $ 8,146

174 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS
(In Millions of Dollars)

Intragovernmental Securities are marketable federal securities bought and sold on the open market. The Bureau of the Public Debt
issues non-marketable par value Treasury securities. The trust fund and cash balances are invested in Treasury securities, which
are purchased and redeemed at par exclusively through Treasury’s Federal Investment Branch. The effective-interest method was
utilized to amortize discounts and premiums.

As of September 30, 2006

Unamortized
Amortization (Premium) Investments, Market Value
Cost Method Discount Net Disclosure
Intragovernmental Securities:
Non-Marketable: Effective-interest
Par Value $ 14 0.0431-8.875% $ 3 $ 17 $ 17
Total $ 14 $ 3 $ 17 $ 17

As of September 30, 2005

Unamortized
Amortization (Premium) Investments, Market Value
Cost Method Discount Net Disclosure
Intragovernmental Securities:
Non-Marketable: Effective-interest
Par Value $ 14 0.0298-8.875% $ 3 $ 17 $ 17
Total $ 14 $ 3 $ 17 $ 17

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 175

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

(In Millions of Dollars)

The Accounts Receivable balance includes receivables for reimbursement of research and development costs related to satellites
and launch services. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is based upon evaluation of public accounts receivables, considering
the probability of failure to collect based upon current status, financial and other relevant characteristics of debtors, and the relation-
ship with the debtor.

The Accounts Receivable for September 30, 2006 and 2005, consist of the following:

As of September 30, 2006

Allowance for
Accounts Uncollectible
Receivable Accounts Net Amount Due
Intragovernmental $ 180 $ — $ 180
Public 6 (1) 5
Total $ 186 $ (1) $ 185

As of September 30, 2005

Allowance for
Accounts Uncollectible
Receivable Accounts Net Amount Due
Intragovernmental $ 136 $ — $ 136
Public 61 (1) 60
Total $ 197 $ (1) $ 196

176 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 6. INVENTORY AND RELATED PROPERTY, NET

(In Millions of Dollars)

Operating Materials and Supplies, Held for Use are tangible personal property held by NASA and its contractors to be used for fab-
e
Use are tangible personal property held by NASA for emergencies for which there is no normal recurring demand but that must be
immediately available to preclude delay, which might result in loss, damage or destruction of Government property, danger to life or
welfare of personnel, or substantial financial loss to the Government due to an interruption of operations.

All materials are valued using historical costs, or other valuation methods that approximate historical cost. Excess operating materi-
als and supplies are materials that exceed the demand expected in the normal course of operations, and do not meet manage-
ment’s criteria to be held in reserve for future use. Obsolete operating material and supplies are materials no longer needed due
to changes in technology, laws, customs, or operations. Unserviceable operating materials and supplies are materials damaged
beyond economic repair.

September 30, 2006 September 30, 2005

Inventory and Related Property, Net
Operating Materials and Supplies
Items Held for Use $ 2,687 $ 3,401
Items Held in Reserve for Future Use 3 3
Excess, Obsolete, and Unserviceable (360) (385)
Total $ 2,330 $ 3,019

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 177

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 7. GENERAL PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET

(In Millions of Dollars)

Theme Assets consist of assets specifically designed for use in a NASA program. Equipment includes special tooling, special test
equipment, and Agency-peculiar property, such as the Space Shuttle and other configurations of spacecraft: engines, satellites,
rockets, and other scientific components unique to NASA space programs. Structures, Facilities, and Leasehold Improvements
include buildings with collateral equipment, and capital improvements, such as airfields, power distribution systems, flood con-
trol, utility systems, roads, and bridges. NASA also has use of certain properties at no cost. These properties include land at the
Kennedy Space Center withdrawn from the public domain, land, and facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center under a no cost
99-year lease with the U.S. Department of the Army. Work-in-Process (WIP) includes equipment and facilities that are being con-
structed. WIP includes the fabrication of assets that may or may not be capitalized once completed and operational. Projects that
do not meet the capitalization criteria of two years of useful life and in excess of $100,000 are expensed. All other project costs are
capitalized in the year placed into operation.

NASA has International Space Station bartering agreements with international agencies including the European Space Agency and
the National Space Agency of Japan. NASA barters with these space agencies to obtain International Space Station hardware
elements in exchange for providing goods and services such as Space Shuttle transportation and a share of NASA’s International
Space Station utilization rights. The intergovernmental agreements state that the parties will seek to minimize the exchange of funds
in the cooperative program, including the use of barters to provide goods and services. As of September 30, 2006, NASA has
received some assets from these parties in exchange for future services. The fair value is indeterminable; therefore no value was
ascribed to these transactions in accordance with APB No. 29. Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions. Under all agreements
to date, NASA’s International Space Station Program’s International Partners Office expects that NASA will eventually receive future
NASA-required elements as well with no exchange of funds.

Prior to fiscal year 2006, President Bush announced a new vision for the Nation’s space exploration program. Implementation of this
initiative has required NASA to prioritize and restructure existing programs and missions, and to phase out or eliminate sooner than
originally planned some programs and missions. These programs and missions include the Shuttle, which was originally planned to
continue to the year 2020 but now will retire as soon as assembly of the International Space Station is completed (planned for the
end of this decade). NASA will make an announcement in early FY 2007 regarding the future of planned servicing missions to the
Hubble Space Telescope.

Management is exploring whether a significant portion of PP&E costs should be classified as research and development and there-
fore should be expensed. NASA is considering a change in its accounting policy for Theme Assets to reclassify some Theme Asset
costs previously categorized as General Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) as Research and Development (R&D) expenses. In
the development of the revised policy, NASA followed standards established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in
its Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 2, Accounting for Research and Development Costs. NASA believes that this
change will result in financial reporting that is more relevant and timely to the readers of its financial statements. NASA requested
that FASAB clarify the accounting standards the Agency used as the basis for its draft change in accounting policy. NASA antici-
pates a response from FASAB in FY 2007.

178 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 7. GENERAL PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET (CONTINUED)

(In Millions of Dollars)

September 30, 2006

Depreciation A
Method Useful Life Cost Depreciation Book Value
Government-owned/Government-held
Land $ 114 $ — $ 114
Structures, Facilities and Leasehold Improvements Straight-line 15–40 years 5,497 (4,082) 1,415
Theme Assets Straight-line 2–20 years 43,593 (29,142) 14,451
Equipment Straight-line 5–25 years 2,267 (1,644) 623
Internal Use Software and Development Straight-line 5 years 139 (49) 90
Work-in-Process (WIP)
Work-in-Process 204 — 204
Work-in-Process—Equipment 26 — 26
Assets Under Construction 8,198 — 8,198
Total $ 60,038 $ (34,917) $ 25,121

Government-owned/Contractor-held
Land $ 8 $ — $ 8
Structures, Facilities and Leasehold Improvements Straight-line 15–40 years 859 (704) 155
Equipment Straight-line 5–25 years 12,264 (9,155) 3,109
Work-in-Process 4,800 — 4,800
Total $ 17,931 $ (9,859) $ 8,072

Total Property, Plant, and Equipment $ 77,969 $ (44,776) $ 33,193

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 179

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 7. GENERAL PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET (CONTINUED)

(In Millions of Dollars)

September 30, 2005

Depreciation A
Method Useful Life Cost Depreciation Book Value
Government-owned/Government-held
Land $ 114 $ — $ 114
Structures, Facilities and Leasehold Improvements Straight-line 15–40 years 5,567 (4,008) 1,559
Theme Assets Straight-line 2–20 years 42,121 (25,699) 16,422
Equipment Straight-line 5–25 years 2,109 (1,483) 626
Capitalized Leases Straight-line 5–25 years 2 (1) 1
Internal Use Software and Development Straight-line 5 years 89 (26) 63
Work-in-Process (WIP)
Work-in-Process 199 — 199
Work-in-Process—Equipment 26 — 26
Assets Under Construction 6,953 — 6,953
Total $ 57,180 $ (31,217) $ 25,963

Government-owned/Contractor-held
Land $ 8 $ — $ 8
Structures, Facilities and Leasehold Improvements Straight-line 15–40 years 831 (628) 203
Equipment Straight-line 5–25 years 10,921 (8,422) 2,499
Work-in-Process 6,253 — 6,253
Total $ 18,013 $ (9,050) $ 8,963

Total Property, Plant, and Equipment $ 75,193 $ (40,267) $ 34,926

180 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 8. LIABILITIES NOT COVERED BY BUDGETARY RESOURCES

(In Millions of Dollars)

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources are liabilities for which Congressional action is needed before budgetary resources
can be provided. They include certain environmental matters (Note 10), legal claims, pensions and other retirement benefits, work-
ers’ compensation, annual leave, and closed appropriations.

A liability was recorded for workers’ compensation claims related to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA), adminis-
tered by U.S. Department of Labor. The FECA provides income and medical cost protection to covered Federal civilian employees
injured on the job, employees who have incurred a work-related occupational disease, and beneficiaries of employees whose death
is attributable to a job-related injury or occupational disease. The FECA Program initially pays valid claims and subsequently seeks
reimbursement from the Federal agencies employing the claimants.

The FECA liability includes the actuarial liability for estimated future costs of death benefits, workers’ compensation, and medical
and miscellaneous costs for approved compensation cases. The present value of these estimates at the end of fiscal year was
calculated by the Department of Labor using a discount rate. This liability does not include the estimated future costs for claims
incurred but not reported or approved as of the end of each year.

Fiscal Year Discount Rate

2006 5.170%
2005 4.528%

NASA has recorded Accounts Payable related to closed appropriations for which there are contractual commitments to pay. These
payables will be funded from appropriations available for obligation at the time a bill is processed, in accordance with Public Law
101-510.

2006 2005
Intragovernmental Liabilities:
Other Liabilities
Workers’ Compensation $ 15 $ 15
Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations 6 2
Total Intragovernmental $ 21 $ 17

Public Liabilities:
Accounts Payable
Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations 104 117
Federal Employee and Veterans Benefits
Actuarial FECA Liability 60 62
Environmental and Disposal Liabilities 893 825
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Annual Leave 179 171
Contingent Liabilities 4 5
Total from the Public $ 1,240 $ 1,180

Total Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources $ 1,261 $ 1,197

Total Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources 2,052 2,286
Total Liabilities $ 3,313 $ 3,483

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 181

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 9. OTHER LIABILITIES

(In Millions of Dollars)

In FY 2006, NASA updated the format of this footnote to reflect changes made to the financial statement crosswalks issued by the
Department of Treasury. In prior fiscal years, balances reported as Accounts Payable for Canceled Appropriations were reported on
the Other Liabilities line of the Balance Sheet. This amount is currently reported on the Accounts Payable line of the Balance Sheet.
Additionally, in previous fiscal years Actuarial FECA Liability was reported on the Balance Sheet line Other Liabilities. Currently, this
amount is reported as separate line item on the Balance Sheet.

The format change from the September 30, 2005 published number was made to allow comparative data between 2005 and 2006.

September 30, 2006

Current Non-Current Total

Intragovernmental Liabilities
Advances from Others $ 114 $ — $ 114
Workers’ Compensation 15 — 15
Employer Contributions and Payroll Taxes 11 — 11
Liability for Deposit and Clearing Funds 14 — 14
Custodial Liability 8 — 8
Other Liabilities (5) — (5)
Total Intragovernmental $ 157 $ — $ 157

Liabilities from the Public

Unfunded Annual Leave $ — $ 179 $ 179
Employer Contributions and Payroll Taxes 17 — 17
Accrued Funded Payroll 70 — 70
Advances from Others 87 — 87
Contract Holdbacks 1 — 1
Custodial Liability (17) — (17)
Other Accrued Liabilities 23 — 23
Contingent Liabilities — 4 4
Liability for Deposit and Clearing Funds (14) — (14)
Other Liabilities 5 — 5
Total from the Public $ 172 $ 183 $ 355
Total Other Liabilities $ 329 $ 183 $ 512

182 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 9. OTHER LIABILITIES (CONTINUED)

(In Millions of Dollars)

September 30, 2005 (Restated)

Current Non-Current Total

Intragovernmental Liabilities
Advances from Others $ 99 $ — $ 99
Workers’ Compensation (1) 16 15
Employer Contributions and Payroll Taxes 10 — 10
Liability for Deposit and Clearing Funds — — —
Custodial Liability 5 — 5
Other Liabilities (5) — (5)
Total Intragovernmental $ 108 $ 16 $ 124

Liabilities from the Public

Unfunded Annual Leave $ — $ 171 $ 171
Employer Contributions and Payroll Taxes 6 — 6
Accrued Funded Payroll 71 — 71
Advances from Others 62 — 62
Contract Holdbacks 1 — 1
Custodial Liability 11 — 11
Other Accrued Liabilities 27 — 27
Contingent Liabilities — 5 5
Liability for Deposit and Clearing Funds (20) — (20)
Other Liabilities 6 — 6
Total from the Public $ 164 $ 176 $ 340
Total Other Liabilities $ 272 $ 192 $ 464

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 183

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 10. ENVIRONMENT AND DISPOSAL LIABILITIES

(In Millions of Dollars)

Environmental and Disposal Liabilities represent cleanup costs from NASA operations that resulted in contamination from waste
disposal methods, leaks, spills, and other past activity that created a public health or environmental risk. Federal, State, and local
statutes and regulations require environmental cleanup costs. Some of these statutes are the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982; and
State and local laws.

Where up-to-date-site-specific engineering estimates for cleanup are not available, NASA employs commercially available parametric
modeling software to estimate the total cost of cleaning up known contamination at these sites for current and future years. Several
NASA centers have potential remediation issues that are not at this time measurable or estimable.

NASA recorded an unfunded liability in its financial statements to reflect the estimated total cost of environmental cleanup. This es-
timate could change in the future due to identification of additional contamination, inflation, deflation, and a change in technology or
applicable laws and regulations as well as through ordinary liquidation of these liabilities as the cleanup program continues into the
future. The estimate changed from FY 2005 to FY 2006 largely due to better information being available on the extent of contamina-
tion and remediation efforts that would be required. The estimate represents an amount that NASA expects to spend to remediate
currently known contamination, subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Other responsible parties that may be required to
contribute to the remediation funding could share this liability.

FY 2006 FY 2005

Environmental Liabilities $ 893 $ 825

Total Environmental Cleanup $ 893 $ 825

In addition to the specific remediation efforts contemplated in the above estimates, NASA has a number of other potential reme-
diation sites. For certain such sites, remediation costs ranging from $7 million to $65 million have been estimated as reasonably
possible. Beyond acknowledging that such costs would be significant, for such other sites, management is not currently able to
estimate the range of loss, or assess the likelihood that remediation efforts will be required.

184 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 11. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

(In Millions of Dollars)

No balances have been recorded in the financial statements for contingencies related to proceedings, actions, and claims where
management and legal counsel believe that it is possible but not probable that some costs will be incurred. There were certain
cases that the lawyers reviewed and determined a loss was probable but could not estimate the amount of a future loss.

NASA is a party in various administrative proceedings, court actions (including tort suits), and claims brought by or against it. In the
opinion of management and legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, actions, and claims will not materially affect
the financial position, net cost, changes in net position, budgetary resources, or financing of NASA. Liabilities have been recorded
for $4 million and $5 million for these matters as of September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005, respectively.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 185

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 12. INTRAGOVERNMENTAL COST AND EXCHANGE REVENUE

(In Millions of Dollars)

Intragovernmental costs and revenue are exchange transactions made between NASA and another Federal Government report-
ing entity. Costs and revenue with the Public result from transactions between NASA and a non-Federal entity. No comparison is
available to the prior fiscal year due to a change in the data structure and a new method had not been established to format the
information for disclosure for financial reporting. In August of 2004, NASA restructured from six strategic Enterprises to four Mission
Directorates. The transformation did not provide sufficient lead time to develop the reporting structure in the financial management
system for FY 2005.

2006
Science
Intragovernmental Costs $ 536
Public Cost 6,092
Total Science Costs 6,628

Intragovernmental Earned Revenue 350

Public Earned Revenue (2)
Total Science Earned Revenue 348

Total Science Net Cost $ 6,280

Exploration Systems
Intragovernmental Costs $ 214
Public Cost 2,490
Total Exploration Systems Costs 2,704

Intragovernmental Earned Revenue 89

Public Earned Revenue (1)
Total Exploration Systems Earned Revenue 88

Total Exploration Systems Net Cost $ 2,616

Aeronautics Research
Intragovernmental Costs $ 81
Public Cost 1,048
Total Aeronautics Research Costs 1,129

Intragovernmental Earned Revenue 63

Public Earned Revenue 16
Total Aeronautics Research Earned Revenue 79

Total Aeronautics Research Net Cost $ 1,050

186 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 12. INTRAGOVERNMENTAL COST AND EXCHANGE REVENUE (CONTINUED)

(In Millions of Dollars)

2006
Space Operations
Intragovernmental Costs $ 482
Public Cost 7,638
Total Space Operations Costs 8,120

Intragovernmental Earned Revenue 408

Public Earned Revenue 16
Total Space Operations Earned Revenue 424

Total Space Operations Earned Net Cost $ 7,696

Net Cost of Operations $ 17,642

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 187

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 13. UNDELIVERED ORDERS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD

(In Millions of Dollars)

Undelivered Orders at the end of the period total $5,822 million and $4,364 million as of September 30, 2006 and September
30, 2005, respectively. In previous fiscal years this amount was reported as a line item on the Statement of Budgetary Resources.
Based on reporting changes as required by OMB A-136, undelivered orders is no longer reported on the statement. A footnote
disclosure for total undelivered orders is required to comply with requirements of SFFAS 7.

Due to conversion differences in FY 2003, FACTS II unpaid obligations brought forward were adjusted by $39 million in the current
fiscal year. This adjustment is carried through the FY 2006 actual column of the Program and Financing Schedules reported in the
FY 2008 Budget of the U.S. Government. Such information agrees with the related financial records and related data.

NOTE 14. APPORTIONMENT CATEGORIES OF OBLIGATIONS INCURRED

(In Millions of Dollars)

Category A consists of amounts requested to be apportioned for each calendar quarter in the fiscal year. Category B consists of
amounts requested to be apportioned on a basis other than calendar quarters, such as time periods other than quarters, activities,
projects, objects, or a combination thereof.

FY 2006 FY 2005
Direct Obligations:
Category A $ 1 $ 1
Category B 16,767 16,978
Reimbursable Obligations:
Category B 1,005 1,019
Total Obligations Incurred $ 17,773 $ 17,998

NOTE 15. EXPLANATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SBR AND THE BUDGET OF
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT
(In Millions of Dollars)

NASA compared the amounts reported on the Statement of Budgetary Resources and the actual amounts reported in the Budget of
the United States Government as required by SFFAS No. 7 for FY 2005 and identified no material differences.

The Budget of the United States Government with actual amounts from FY 2006 was not published as of November 15, 2006. The
comparison for FY 2006 will be performed when the Budget of the United States Government is published.

NOTE 16. EXPLANATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LIABILITIES NOT COVERED BY

BUDGETARY RESOURCES AND COMPONENTS REQUIRING OR GENERATING
RESOURCES IN FUTURE PERIODS
(In Millions of Dollars)

Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources of $1,261 and $1,197 as of September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005, respec-
tively, represent NASA’s environmental liability, FECA liability to Department of Labor and employees, contingent liabilities, accounts
payable for closed appropriations and leave earned but not taken (See Note 8, Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources).
Only a portion of these liabilities will require or generate resources in future periods.

188 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 17. STEWARDSHIP PP&E

(In Millions of Dollars)

Federal agencies are required to classify and report heritage assets, in accordance with the requirements of SFFAS No. 29, Heritage
Assets and Stewardship Land.

Heritage Assets are property, plant, and equipment that possess one or more of the following characteristics: historical or natural
significance; cultural, educational, or aesthetic value; or significant architectural characteristics.

Since the cost of heritage assets is usually not determinable, NASA does not value them or establish minimum value thresholds for
designation of property, plant, or equipment as heritage assets. Additionally, the useful lives of heritage assets are not reasonably
estimable for depreciation purposes. Since the most relevant information about heritage assets is their existence, they are qualified
in terms of physical units, as follows:

2005 Additions Withdrawals 2006

Buildings and Structures 37 — 5 32

Air and Space Displays and Artifacts 492 4 — 496
Art and Miscellaneous Items 1,021 3 — 1,024
Total Heritage Assets 1,550 7 5 1,552

Heritage Assets were generally acquired through construction by NASA or its contractors, and are expected to remain in this cate-
gory, except where there is legal authority for transfer or sale. Heritage assets are generally in fair condition, suitable only for display.

Many of the buildings and structures are designated as National Historic Landmarks. Numerous air and spacecraft and related
components are on display at various locations to enhance public understanding of NASA programs. NASA eliminated their cost
from its property records when they were designated as heritage assets. A portion of the amount reported for deferred maintenance
is for heritage assets.

For more than 30 years, the NASA Art Program has documented America’s major accomplishments in aeronautics and space. Dur-
ing that time, artists have generously contributed their time and talent to record their impressions of the U.S. Aerospace Program in
paintings, drawings, and other media. Not only do these art works provide a historic record of NASA projects, they give the public
a new and fuller understanding of advancements in aerospace. Artists give a special view of NASA through the back door. Some
have witnessed astronauts in training or scientists at work. The art collection, as a whole, depicts a wide range of subjects, from
Space Shuttle launches to aeronautics research, Hubble Space Telescope, and even virtual reality.

Artists commissioned by NASA receive a small honorarium in exchange for donating a minimum of one piece to the NASA archive.
In addition, more works have been donated to the National Air and Space Museum.

In accordance with SFFAS No. 29 the cost of acquisition, improvement, reconstruction, or renovation of heritage assets is expensed
in the period incurred.

In accordance with SFFAS No. 29, heritage assets that are used in day-to-day government operations are considered “multi-use”
heritage assets that are not used for heritage purposes. Such assets are accounted for as general property, plant, and equipment
and are capitalized and depreciated in the same manner as other general property, plant, and equipment. NASA has 45 buildings
and structures that are considered to be multi-use heritage assets. The values of these assets are included in the property, plant,
and equipment values shown in the Financial Statements.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 189

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Notes to Financial Statements
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)

NOTE 18. GENERAL INFORMATION

(In Millions of Dollars)

During fiscal year 2003, NASA replaced ten disparate accounting systems and over 120 ancillary subsystems that had been in
operation at our Centers for the past two decades, with a commercial off-the-shelf, Agency-wide, Integrated Financial Management
system (SAP Core Financials application module).

Due to data anomalies in the FY 2003 conversion and known system limitations, NASA made a decision not to make prior period
adjustments in fiscal years 2004 and 2005, and accordingly, processed all corrections in current year operations.

During fiscal year 2006, management recorded as current year expenses prior years property transactions for such items as equip-
ment found during routine inventory processes, components of buildings removed and no longer in use, and the correction of
manual processing errors.

In FY 2006, NASA continued to resolve a number of known reconciling items. Some resolutions required processing corrective
transactions in the financial management system that impact line items on the financial statements.

190 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Research and Development Expenses by Business Lines

In August 2004, NASA restructured from six strategic Enterprises to four Business Lines: Science, Exploration Systems, Aeronautics
Research and Space Operations. Each Business Line is comprised of multiple themes and numerous programs comprise each
theme. NASA’s former enterprise structure has been mapped to the new Business Line structure and NASA will report Research
and Development (R&D) expenses using the new structure. Therefore, R&D expenses will now be reported on a Program not
Enterprise basis. This is NASA’s first year reporting under this new structure. A description of NASA’s R&D programs accompanies
this reporting.

To provide the reader with a full picture of NASA expenses, both R&D and non-R&D, NASA has included expenses for non R&D
costs associated with NASA activities such as Education and Outreach, Space Operations Programs. Descriptions for the work
associated with these costs also accompany this reporting.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 191

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Research and Development Expenses by Business Line by Theme by Program

2006
Science
Solar System Exploration
Discovery $ 127
New Frontiers 107
Technology 1,280
Deep Space Mission Systems (DSMS) 187
Solar System Research 321
Mars Exploration 599
Solar System Exploration Total $ 2,621

The Universe
Navigator $ 87
James Webb Space Telescope 315
Hubble Space Telescope 452
Gamma-ray Large Space Telescope (GLAST) 87
Discovery 114
Explorer 58
Universe Research 225
International Space Science Collaboration 6
Beyond Einstein 8
The Universe Total $ 1,352

Earth–Sun System
Earth Systematic Missions $ 293
Living with a Star 257
Solar Terrestrial Probes 95
Explorer Program 114
Earth System Science Pathfinder 104
Earth–Sun System Multi-Mission Operations 290
Earth–Sun Research 926
Applied Sciences 48
Earth–Sun Technology 82
Earth–Sun System Total $ 2,209
Science Total $ 6,182

192 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Research and Development Expenses by Business Line by Theme by Program (Continued)

2006

Exploration Systems
Constellation Systems
Earth Orbit Capability $ 1,421
Constellations Systems Total $ 1,421

Exploration Systems Research & Technology

Advanced Space Technology 3
Technology Maturation 111
Robotic Lunar Exploration 95
Exploration Systems Research & Technology Total $ 209

Prometheus Nuclear Systems & Technology

Advanced Systems and Technology 291
Nuclear Flight Systems 24
Prometheus Systems Research & Technology Total $ 315

Human Systems Research & Technology

Life Support & Habitation 361
Human Health & Performance 136
Human Systems Integration 174
Human Systems Research & Technology Total $ 671
Exploration Systems Total $ 2,616

Aeronautics
Aeronautics Technology
Aviation Safety Program 152
Airspace Systems 144
Fundamental Aeronautics 754
Aeronautics Technology Total $ 1,050
Aeronautics Total $ 1,050

Total Research & Development Expenses $ 9,848

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 193

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Non-Research and Development Expenses by Business Line by Theme by Program

2006
Science
Earth–Sun System
Education and Outreach $ 40
SOFIA 58
Science Total $ 98

Space Operations
Space Shuttle 4,245
International Space Station 1,708
Space and Flight Support (SFS) 1,743
Space Operations Total $ 7,696

Total Non-Research & Development Expenses $ 7,794

Total Expenses $ 17,642

194 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

NASA makes substantial research and development investments for the benefit of the United States. These amounts are expensed
as incurred in determining the net cost of operations.

NASA’s research and development programs include activities to extend our knowledge of Earth, its space environment, and the
universe, and to invest in new aeronautics and advanced space transportation technologies that support the development and
application of technologies critical to the economic, scientific, and technical competitiveness of the United States.

Investment in research and development refers to those expenses incurred to support the search for new or refined knowledge and
ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes
with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits. Research
and development is composed of the following:

Basic Research: Systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of
observable facts without specific applications toward processes or products in mind;

Applied Research: Systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary for determining the means by which a
recognized and specific need may be met; and

Development: Systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained from research for the production of useful
materials, devices, systems or methods, including the design and development of prototypes and processes.

Business Line Theme and Program Descriptions

BUSINESS LINE: SCIENCE

Theme: Solar System Exploration

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) Theme seeks to understand how the solar system formed and evolved, and whether there
might be life in the solar system beyond Earth.

Program: Discovery
NASA’s Discovery program represents a breakthrough in the way NASA explores space, with lower-cost, highly focused
planetary science investigations designed to enhance our understanding of the solar system.

Program: New Frontiers

The New Frontiers program, a class of competed medium-sized missions, represents a critical step in the advancement of
the solar system exploration. Proposed science targets for the New Frontiers program include Pluto and the Kuiper Belt,
Jupiter, Venus, and sample returns from Earth’s Moon and a comet nucleus.

Program: Technology
Robotic spacecraft use electrical power for propulsion, data acquisition, and communication to accurately place them-
selves in orbit around and onto the surfaces of bodies about which we may know relatively little. These systems ensure that
they survive and function in hostile and unknown environments, acquire and transmit data throughout their lifetimes, and
sometimes transport samples back to Earth. Since successful completion of these missions is so dependent on power, the
future SSE portfolio of missions will demand advances in power and propulsion systems.

Program: Deep Space Mission System (DSMS)

This program seeks to enable NASA exploration, both human and robotic, of the solar system and beyond by providing
reliable, high performance, and cost effective telecommunications and navigation services to its lunar and deep space
missions.

Program: Solar Systems Research

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) Research Program develops the theoretical tools and laboratory data needed to
analyze flight data, makes possible new and better instruments to fly on future missions, and analyzes the data returned so
that SSE can answer specific questions posed and fit this new knowledge into the overall picture of the solar system.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 195

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Program: Mars Exploration

The Mars Exploration Program has been developed to conduct a rigorous, incremental, discovery-driven exploration of
Mars to determine the planet’s physical, dynamic, and geological characteristics, investigate the Martian climate in the
context of understanding habitability, and investigate whether Mars ever had the potential to develop and harbor any kind
of life.

Theme: The Universe

The Universe Theme supports NASA’s mission to “explore the universe and search for life” by attempting to understand the origin
and evolution of life, searching for evidence of life elsewhere and exploring the universe beyond.

Program: Navigator
The Navigator program consists of a coherent series of increasingly challenging projects, each complementary to the
others and each mission building on the results and capabilities of those that preceded it as NASA searches for habitable
planets outside of the solar system.

Program: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

The program identified by the National Research Council as the top priority for astronomy and physics for the current
decade—is a large, deployable infrared astronomical space-based observatory. The mission is a logical successor to the
HST, extending beyond Hubble’s discoveries into the infrared, where the highly redshifted early universe must be observed,
where cool objects like protostars and protoplanetary disks emit strongly, and where dust obscures shorter wavelengths.

Program: Hubble Space Telescope

Since 1990, the HST has used its pointing precision, powerful optics, and state-of-the-art instruments to explore the vis-
ible, ultraviolet and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Until such time that Hubble is no longer able to
carry out its scientific mission, the observatory will continue to investigate the formation, structure, and evolution of stars
and galaxies, studying the history of the universe, and providing a space-based research facility for optical astronomy.

Hubble development funding supports a suite of life extension activities, which will maximize science return as the tele-
scope’s capabilities degrade over time. In addition, a robotic spacecraft is under development to be launched on an
expendable launch vehicle, rendezvous with HST, and safely deorbit the observatory at the end of its useful science life.
While this development activity is underway, modification and upkeep of ground operations systems will continue.

Program: Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)

A collaboration with the Department of Energy, France, Italy, Sweden, Japan, and Germany, the Gamma-ray Large Area
Space Telescope (GLAST) will improve researchers’ understanding of the structure of the universe, from its earliest begin-
nings to its ultimate fate. By measuring the direction, energy, and arrival time of celestial high-energy gamma rays, GLAST
will map the sky with 50 times the sensitivity of previous missions, with corresponding improvements in resolution and
coverage. Yielding new insights into the sources of high-energy cosmic gamma rays, GLAST will reveal the nature of
astrophysical jets and relativistic flows and study the sources of gamma-ray bursts.

Program: Discovery
The Discovery program gives scientists the opportunity to dig deep into their imaginations and find innovative ways to
unlock the mysteries of the solar system. Discovery is an ongoing program that offers the scientific community the op-
portunity to assemble a team and design exciting, focused science investigations that complement NASA’s larger planetary
science explorations.

Program: Explorer
The Explorer program provides frequent flight opportunities for world-class astrophysics and space physics investigations,
utilizing innovative, streamlined and efficient management approaches to spacecraft development and operations. The
program (including Future Explorers) is managed within the Earth–Sun Theme, but selected projects are managed under
the Universe Theme.

196 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Program: Universe Research

The Universe Theme’s Research program strives to answer critical questions about the nature of the universe with a host
of operating missions led by investigators from academia and industry, as well as funding grants for basic research, tech-
nology development, and data analysis from past and current missions. All data collected by missions are archived in data
centers located at universities and NASA centers throughout the country.

Program: International Space Science Collaboration (SSC)

Herschel and Planck, two projects in the International Space Science Collaboration (SSC) Program, are European Space
Agency (ESA)-led missions. Herschel has been designed to unveil a face of the early universe that has remained hidden
until now. Planck will help provide answers to one of the most important sets of questions asked in modern science: how
did the universe begin, how did it evolve to the state we observe today, and how will it continue to evolve in the future?

Program: Beyond Einstein

Beyond Einstein (BE) flagship missions are the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) & Constellation-X (Con-X). LISA,
a joint effort NASA/ESA effort, will be the first space-based gravitational wave observatory. LISA will study the death spirals
of stars, colliding black holes, and echoes from the universe all the way back to the Big Bang. Con-X will be a combination
of several separate spacecraft working in unison as 1 giant X-ray telescope far more powerful than any previous. Con-X
will investigate black holes, galaxy formation, the evolution of the universe on the largest scales, the recycling of matter and
energy, and the nature of “dark matter.”

Theme: Earth–Sun System

NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to understand and explore Earth and the Sun. The relationship between the Sun and
the Earth is at the heart of a complex, dynamic system that researchers do not yet fully understand. The Earth–Sun system, like the
human body, is comprised of diverse components that interact in complex ways, requiring unique capabilities for characterizing,
understanding, and predicting change. Therefore, researchers need to understand the Sun, the heliosphere, and Earth’s atmo-
sphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere as a single connected system.

Program: Earth Systematic Missions

Earth Systematic Missions provide Earth observing satellites that contribute to the provision of long-term environmental
data sets that can be used to study the evolution of the Earth system on a range of temporal scales. This information is
used to analyze, model, and improve understanding of the Earth system.

Program: Living with a Star

The Living With a Star (LWS) program seeks to understand how and why the Sun varies, how Earth and other planets
respond, and how the variability and response affect humanity. Achieving these goals will enable a reliable space weather
prediction so undesirable space weather effects can be accommodated or mitigated before they occur.

Program: Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP)

The primary goal of the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Program is to understand how the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary
environments are connected in a single system.

Program: Explorer
The mission of the Explorer program is to provide frequent flight opportunities for world-class astrophysics and space
physics investigations, utilizing innovative, streamlined and efficient management approaches to spacecraft development
and operations.

Program: Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP)

This program addresses unique, specific, highly-focused mission requirements in Earth science research. ESSP includes a
series of relatively low to moderate cost, small to medium sized, competitively selected, principal investigator led missions
that are built, tested, and launched in a short time interval. These missions are capable of supporting a variety of scientific
objectives related to Earth science, involving the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, polar ice regions and solid earth.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 197

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Program: Earth–Sun System Multi-Mission Operations

This program acquires, preserves, and delivers the observation data for the Science Mission Directorate/Earth–Sun System
scientific focus areas in conformance with national science objectives.

Program: Earth–Sun System Division (ESSD)

The program observations and research aim to improve our capability for predicting weather, climate and natural hazards,
including space weather. The focus of NASA’s efforts in ESSD is the development and demonstration of space-based
measurements, providing information about the Earth–Sun system not available by other means.

Program: Applied Sciences

The Applied Sciences program bridges the gap between scientific discoveries and practical applications that benefit soci-
ety through partnerships that integrate the observations and predictions resulting from NASA Earth–Sun system science
into solutions.

Program: Earth–Sun System Education and Outreach

The program uses NASA’s results from studying the Earth system and the Sun to enhance the teaching and learning of
Earth, space, and environmental sciences through partnerships with educational institutions and organizations.

Program: Earth–Sun Technology

NASA’s ESSD is dedicated to understanding the total Earth–Sun system and the effects of natural and human-induced
changes on the global environment.

BUSINESS LINE: EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

Theme: Constellation Systems

Through the Constellation Systems Theme NASA will develop, demonstrate, and deploy the collection of systems that will enable
sustained human and robotic exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Program: Earth Orbit Capability

The Earth Orbit Capability program is responsible for developing, demonstrating, and deploying the capability for crew
transportation to Earth orbit.

Theme: Exploration Systems Research and Technology

The Exploration Systems Research and Technology (ESR&T) Theme represents NASA’s commitment to investing in the technologies
and capabilities that will make the national vision for space exploration possible.

Program: Advanced Space Technology

The Advanced Space Technology program develops new technologies that will enable NASA to conduct new human and
robotic exploration missions, gather new types of scientific data, and reduce mission risk and cost.

Program: Technology Maturation

The Technology Maturation program develops and validates the most promising advanced space technology concepts and
matures them to the level of demonstration and space flight validation, to enable safe, affordable, effective and sustainable
human-robotic exploration.

Program: Robotic Lunar Exploration (RLE)

This program will undertake lunar exploration activities that enable sustained human and robotic exploration of the Moon.
These activities will further science, and develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems, including use of
lunar and other space resources, to support sustained human space exploration.

Theme: Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology

Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology represents NASA’s effort to develop an advanced technology capability for more
complex operations and exploration of the solar system.

198 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Program: Advanced Systems and Technology

The Advanced Systems and Technology program develops and demonstrates advanced nuclear technologies and engi-
neered systems. This technology development will be necessary to support NASA’s goal of more distant, more ambitious,
and longer duration human and robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations.

Program: Nuclear Flight Systems

The Nuclear Flight Systems program continues NASA’s development of nuclear reactor power and associated spacecraft
systems to enhance NASA’s abilities to conduct robotic exploration and science operations.

Theme: Human Systems Research and Technology

This Theme focuses on ensuring the health, safety, and security of humans through the course of solar system exploration.

Program: Life Support and Habitation

The Life Support and Habitation program focuses on enabling human exploration beyond low Earth orbit by developing
technologies to support human activity in and beyond low Earth orbit.

Program: Human Health and Performance

The Human Health and Performance program delivers research, technology, knowledge, and tools that will enable
human space exploration. Specifically, the Human Health and Performance program will guide the development of various
countermeasures to aid astronauts counteract any deleterious effects of long-duration missions in the space environment;
develop tools and techniques to improve medical care delivery to space exploration crews; increase our biomedical knowl-
edge and improve understanding of radiation effects to reduce the uncertainty in estimating space radiation health risks to
human crews; and, acquire new information in exploration biology, which will identify and define the scope of problems that
will face future human space explorers during long periods of exposure to space.

Program: Human Systems Integration

The Human-Systems Integration program conducts research and technology development driven by Agency needs for
crew health; design of human spacecraft, space suits, and habitats; efficient crew operations; medical operations; and
technology development to enable safe and productive human space exploration.

BUSINESS LINE: AERONAUTICS RESEARCH

Theme: Aeronautics Technology (AT)

Aeronautics Technology conducts high-quality, innovative research that will lead to revolutionary concepts, technologies, and capa-
bilities that enable radical change to both the airspace system and the aircraft that fly within it.

Program: Aviation Safety

The Aviation Safety program builds upon the unique safety-related research capabilities of NASA to develop tools, meth-
ods, and technologies that will improve the intrinsic safety attributes of current and future aircraft, and to overcome aircraft
safety technological barriers that would otherwise constrain the full realization of Next Generation Air Transportation System
(NGATS).

Program: Airspace Systems

The Airspace Systems Program conducts cutting-edge air traffic management research that will enable the NGATS. In
partnership with the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), the ASP will help develop the concepts, capabilities
and technologies that will lead to the significant enhancements in capacity, efficiency and flexibility needed to meet the
Nation’s airspace and airportal requirements for decades to come.

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 199

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Stewardship Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Stewardship Investments: Research and Development (Continued)
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Program: Fundamental Aeronautics

The Fundamental Aeronautics program will conduct cutting-edge research that will enable the design of vehicles that fly
through any atmosphere at any speed. Because aircraft of the future will need to address multiple and often conflicting
design challenges such as noise, emissions, and performance, a key focus will be the development of physics-based,
multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization (MDAO) tools. Such tools will make it possible to evaluate radically new
vehicle designs and to assess, with known uncertainties, the potential impact of innovative concepts and technologies on a
vehicle’s overall performance.

NON-R&D Programs

BUSINESS LINE: SCIENCE

Theme: Earth–Sun System

Program: Education and Outreach

The program uses NASA’s results from studying the Earth system and the Sun to enhance the teaching and learning of
Earth, space, and environmental sciences through partnerships with educational institutions and organizations.

Program: SOFIA
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a telescope mounted onto a specially designed Boeing 747.
The project has considered the use of SOFIA as a platform for pursuits other than its primary mission of astronomy/astro-
physics. According to SOFIA’s Project Manager, a concept has been developed for SOFIA to be used for Earth Science
investigations, simultaneously with SOFIA’s prime mission. Also, additional in depth studies include using SOFIA as an
experimental platform to test high bandwidth communications with Mars spacecraft or as a testbed for high-bandwidth
earth communications.

BUSINESS LINE: SPACE OPERATIONS

Theme: Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is currently the only launch capability owned by the United States that enables human access to space, and the
only vehicle that can support the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). NASA will phase-out the Space Shuttle in 2010
when its role in ISS assembly is complete.

Theme: International Space Station

This Theme supports the construction and operations of a research facility in low Earth orbit as NASA’s first step in achieving the
Vision for Space Exploration. The ISS provides a unique, continuously operating capability to develop medical countermeasures for
long-term human space travel: develop and test technologies and engineering solutions in support of exploration; and provide ongo-
ing practical experience in living and working in space. It also supports a variety of pure and applied research for the U.S. and its
International Partners. ISS assembly will be completed by the end of the decade. NASA is examining configurations for the Space
Station that meet the needs of both the new space exploration vision and our international partners using as few Shuttle flights as
possible. A key element of the ISS program is the crew and cargo services project, which will purchase services for cargo and crew
transport using existing and emerging capabilities.

Theme: Space and Flight Support

This theme encompasses Space Communications, Launch Services, Rocket Propulsion Testing, and Crew Health and Safety.
Space Communications consists of (1) the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), which supports activities such as
the Space Shuttle, ISS, Expendable Launch Vehicles, and research aircraft, and (2) the NASA Integrated Services Network, which
provides telecommunications services at facilities, such as flight support networks, mission control centers and science facilities, and
administrative communications networks for NASA Centers. The Launch Services program focuses on meeting the Agency’s launch
and payload processing requirements by assuring safe and cost-effective access to space via the Space Shuttle and expendable
launch vehicles.

200 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Combined Schedule of Budgetary Resources
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006
(In Millions of Dollars)

Exploration, Office of
Science, and Exploration Inspector
Aeronautics Capabilities General Other Total
Budgetary Resources
Unobligated Balance, Brought Forward, October 1 1,245 840 4 152 2,241
Recoveries of Prior Year Obligations 183 105 — 80 368

Budget Authority:
Appropriation 9,761 7,048 32 2 16,843
Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections
Earned
Collected 598 360 — 31 989
Change in Receivable from Federal Sources 11 35 — (5) 41
Change in Unfilled Orders
Advance Received 36 8 — 13 57
Without Advance from Federal Sources (129) (81) — 2 (208)
Subtotal 10,277 7,370 32 43 17,722

Nonexpenditure Transfers, Net:

Actual Transfers, Budget Authority 85 (59) — — 26

Permanently Not Available

Cancellations of Expired and No-year Accounts — — — (37) (37)
Enacted Reductions (125) (85) — — (210)
Total Budgetary Resources $ 11,665 $ 8,171 $ 36 $ 238 $ 20,110

Status of Budgetary Resources

Obligations Incurred:
Direct: 9,630 7,047 32 59 16,768
Reimbursable: 578 384 — 43 1,005
Total Obligations Incurred 10,208 7,431 32 102 17,773

Unobligated Balance:
Apportioned 1,403 707 — 33 2,143
Exempt from Apportionment — — — 4 4
Total Unobligated Balances 1,403 707 — 37 2,147
Unobligated Balance Not Available 54 33 4 99 190
Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 11,665 $ 8,171 $ 36 $ 238 $ 20,110

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 201

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Combined Schedule of Budgetary Resources
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006 (Continued)
(In Millions of Dollars)

Exploration, Office of
Science, and Exploration Inspector
Aeronautics Capabilities General Other Total
Change in Obligated Balance
Obligated Balances, Net, October 1 3,454 1,950 6 563 5,973
Obligations Incurred, Net 10,209 7,431 32 101 17,773
Less: Gross Outlays 8,486 7,484 33 256 16,259

Less: Recoveries of Prior Year Unpaid Obligations 183 105 — 80 368

Change in Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources 118 46 — 3 167

Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period

Unpaid Obligations 5,343 1,984 5 339 7,671
Less: Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources 231 146 — 8 385
Total, Unpaid Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period $ 5,112 $ 1,838 $ 5 $ 331 $ 7,286

Outlays
Net Outlays
Gross Outlays 8,486 7,484 33 256 16,259
Less: Offsetting Collections 633 367 — 45 1,045
Subtotal 7,853 7,117 33 211 15,214
Less: Distributed Offsetting Receipts — — — 8 8
Net Outlays $ 7,853 $ 7,117 $ 33 $ 203 $ 15,206

202 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Combined Schedule of Budgetary Resources
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2005
(In Millions of Dollars)

Exploration, Office of
Science, and Exploration Inspector
Aeronautics Capabilities General Other Total
Budgetary Resources
Unobligated Balance, Brought Forward, October 1 1,203 560 — 1,338 3,101
Recoveries of Prior Year Obligations — — — 10 10

Budget Authority:
Appropriation 7,743 8,552 32 (12) 16,315
Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections
Earned
Collected 476 338 — 37 851
Change in Receivable from Federal Sources 25 8 — (12) 21
Change in Unfilled Orders
Advance Received — 15 — (5) 10
Without Advance from Federal Sources 26 107 — (16) 117
Subtotal 8,270 9,020 32 (8) 17,314

Nonexpenditure Transfers, Net:

Actual Transfers, Budget Authority 197 (197) — — —

Permanently Not Available

Cancellations of Expired and No-year Accounts — — — (60) (60)
Enacted Reductions (62) (67) — — (129)
Total Budgetary Resources $ 9,608 $ 9,316 $ 32 $ 1,280 $ 20,236

Status of Budgetary Resources

Obligations Incurred:
Direct: 7,817 8,088 29 1,045 16,979
Reimbursable: 546 388 — 85 1,019
Total Obligations Incurred 8,363 8,476 29 1,130 17,998

Unobligated Balance:
Apportioned 1,270 771 2 30 2,073
Exempt from Apportionment — — — 4 4
Total Unobligated Balances 1,270 771 2 34 2,077
Unobligated Balance Not Available (25) 69 1 116 161
Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 9,608 $ 9,316 $ 32 $ 1,280 $ 20,236

PART 3 • FINANCIALS 203

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Required Supplementary Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Combined Schedule of Budgetary Resources
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2005, Continued
(In Millions of Dollars)

Exploration, Office of
Science, and Exploration Inspector
Aeronautics Capabilities General Other Total
Change in Obligated Balance
Obligated Balances, Net, October 1 2,567 1,687 4 301 4,559
Obligations Incurred, Net 8,363 8,476 29 1,130 17,998
Less: Gross Outlays 7,433 8,095 28 916 16,472

Less: Recoveries of Prior Year Unpaid Obligations — — — 10 10

Change in Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources (51) (115) — 28 (138)

Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period

Unpaid Obligations 3,795 2,145 5 543 6,488
Less: Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources 349 192 — 10 551
Total, Unpaid Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period $ 3,446 $ 1,953 $ 5 $ 533 $ 5,937

Outlays
Net Outlays:
Gross Outlays 7,433 8,095 28 916 16,472
Less: Offsetting Collections 476 352 — 33 861
Subtotal 6,957 7,743 28 883 15,611
Less: Distributed Offsetting Receipts — — — — —
Net Outlays $ 6,957 $ 7,743 $ 28 $ 883 $ 15,611

204 NASA FY 2006 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT

 Financials

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Required Supplementary Information
(Fiscal Years 2006 and 2005 Are Unaudited)
Deferred Maintenance
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006

NASA has deferred maintenance only on its facilities, including structures. There is no significant deferred maintenance on other
physical property, such as land, equipment, theme assets, leasehold improvements, or assets under capital lease. Contractor-held
property is subject to the same considerations.

NASA developed a Deferred Maintenance parametric estimating method (DM method) in order to conduct a consistent condition
assessment of its facilities. This method was developed to measure NASA’s current real property asset condition and to document
real property deterioration. The DM method produces both a parametric cost estimate of deferred maintenance, and a Facility
Condition Index. Both measures are indicators of the overall condition of NASA’s facility assets. The DM method is designed for ap-
plication to a large population of facilities; results are not necessarily applicable for individual facilities or small populations of facilities.
Under this methodology, NASA defines acceptable operating conditions in accordance with standards comparable to those used in
private industry, including the aerospace industry.

While there have been no significant changes in our deferred maintenance parametric estimating method this year, the analysis of
the changes in FCI data between FY05 and FY06 for these assets indicates that across assessment teams, the FCI is consistent
and compatible with previous years’ DM assessments. Most notably, a slight downward trend in overall FCI is evident, as would
be expected due to system degradation over time, while a majority of assets showed no change in FCI. Finally, the majority of the
assets whose FCI changed more than three standard deviations can be explained by deterioration and system adjustments-both of
which are reasonable explanations for large variations in individual FCI ratings from year to year.

Deferred maintenance related to heritage assets is included in the deferred maintenance for general facilities. Maintenance is not
deferred on active assets that require immediate repair to restore them to safe working condition and have an Office of Safety and
Mission Assurance Risk Assessment Classification Code 1 (see NASA STD 8719.7).

Restated
2006 2005
Deferred Maintenance Method
Facility Condition Index (FCI) 3.6 3.7
Target Facility Condition Index 4.3 4.3
Backing of Maintenance/Repair Est.
(Active and Inactive Facilities) $2.05 B $1.85 B

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Office of Inspector General Letter on Audit of
NASA’s Financial Statements

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Report of the Independent Auditors

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Chief Financial Officer’s Response to the Audit Report of

the Independent Auditors

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