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Orders of magnitude (pressure)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.
Magnitude Pressure
lbf/in
2
or
dB
Item
10
17
Pa
10 aPa
Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voids (the lowest pressure
ever measured)
[1][2]
10
15
Pa
1-10 fPa
Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky Way
[1][3]
10
12
Pa
1 pPa
Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions
[4]
10
11
Pa 40 pPa
Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day,
[5][6]
very approximately
(410
11
Pa)
[citation needed]
10
10
Pa
100 pPa
Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately (110
10
Pa)
[7]
800 pPa
Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night,
[5][6]
very approximately
(8 10
10
Pa)
[citation needed]
10
9
Pa
< 1 nPa
Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's
Atlas experiment
[8]
~1 nPa
Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the
Sun
[9]
(variable)
[citation needed]
10
8
Pa
10 nPa
Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms
(magneto-optical trap)
[10]
10-700 nPa
Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit
[11][12]
10
7
Pa
100 nPa
Highest pressure still considered ultra high vacuum
[13][14]
10
6
Pa
1 Pa
Reference pressure for sound in water
[15]
1 Pa
Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate)
[citation needed]
10
5
Pa
10 Pa
Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the
distance of the Earth.
[16]
20 Pa 0 dB
Reference pressure for sound in air
[17]
20 Pa 0 dB
Threshold of human hearing
[17]
10
4
Pa
10
3
Pa
1-100 mPa
Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation
[18]
10
2
Pa
10
1
Pa
100 mPa
Upper limit of high vacuum
[13][19]
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~200 mPa
Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly)
[20]
1 Pa
1 Pa
Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface
[21]
1 Pa
Upper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of
molecules is larger than the equipment
[citation needed]
10 Pa
10 Pa
Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean
sea level
[22]
10 Pa
Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~9 mph or
14 km/h)
[23][24][25]
86 Pa
Pressure from the weight of a U.S. penny lying flat
[26]
10
2
Pa
100 Pa ~130 dB
Threshold of pain pressure level for sound. Prolonged exposure
may lead to hearing loss.
[citation needed]
100 Pa
Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~28 mph or
45 km/h)
[23][24][27]
120 Pa
Pressure from the weight of a U.S. quarter lying flat
[28][29]
133 Pa
1 torr 1 mmHg.
[30]
300 Pa 0.043 psi
Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person
(only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure)
[31][32]
400 to 900 Pa
0.06 to
0.13 psi
Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level
pressure on Earth
[33]
610 Pa 0.089 psi
Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of water (611.73 Pa)
[34]
10
3
Pa
+1-10 kPa
Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass
windows (approximate)
[35]
2 kPa
Pressure of popping popcorn (very approximate)
[36][37]
2.6 kPa 0.38 psi
Pressure to make water boil at room temperature (22 C) (20
mmHg)
[38]
5 kPa 0.8 psi
Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a
typical healthy adult
[39][40]
6.3 kPa 0.9 psi
Pressure where water boils at normal human body temperature (37
C), the pressure below which humans absolutely cannot survive
(Armstrong Limit)
[41]
+9.8 kPa +1.4 psi
Lung pressure that a typical person can exert (74 mmHg)
[42]
10 kPa 1.5 psi
Pressure increase per meter of a water column
[22]
10 kPa 1.5 psi
Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000
m elevation
[citation needed]
High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player
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10
4
Pa
+13 kPa +1.9 psi
making staccato high notes
[43]
< +16 kPa +2.3 psi
Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120
mmHg) (gauge pressure)
[39]
+19.3 kPa +2.8 psi
High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy
person for brief times
[citation needed]
+34 kPa +5 psi
Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale
explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse
[44]
+70 kPa +10 psi
Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray
gun
[45]
70 kPa
Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb
[46]
80 kPa 12 psi
Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of
standard atmospheric pressure)
[citation needed]
87 kPa 13 psi
Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon
Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure)
[47]
10
5
Pa
100 kPa 15 psi
1 bar (14.5 psi),
[48]
approximately equal to the weight of one
kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter
[30]
101 kPa 15 psi
Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level (14.7 psi)
[30]
150 to > 550 kPa
25 to > 80
psi
Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate)
[citation needed][49]
+180 to +250 kPa
+26 to +36
psi
Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge
pressure)
[citation needed]
+210 to +900 kPa
+30 to
+130 psi
Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge
pressure)
[50]
300 kPa 50 psi
Water pressure of a garden hose
[51]
300 to 700 kPa
50 to 100
psi
Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US
[52]
400 to 600 kPa 60 to 90 psi
Carbon dioxide pressure in a champagne bottle
[53]
520 kPa 75 psi
Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide
[54]
+690 to +830 kPa
+100 to
+120 psi
Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge
pressure)
[citation needed]
800 kPa
Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel
ruptures
[55]
0.8 to 2 MPa
120 to 290
psi
Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives
[citation needed]
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10
6
Pa
1.1 MPa 162 psi
Pressure of an average human bite
[56]
2.8 to 8.3 MPa
400 to
1200 psi
Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun
[57]
5 MPa 700 psi
Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray
nozzle
[51]
5 MPa 700 psi
Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of Seawolf class
nuclear sub, at depth of 500 m
[58][59]
6.9-27 MPa
1000 to
4000 psi
Water spray pressure used by pressure washers
[60]
9.2 MPa 1300 psi
Atmosphere of Venus (92 bar)
[61]
10
7
Pa
> 10 MPa > 1500 psi
Pressure exerted by a 45 kg woman wearing stiletto heels when a
heel hits the floor
[62]
15 MPa 2200 psi
Power stroke maximum pressure in diesel truck engine when
burning fuel
[citation needed]
21 MPa 3000 psi
Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210
bar)
[63]
20 MPa 2900 psi
Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactions
[64]
28 MPa
Overpressure caused by the bomb explosion during the Oklahoma
City bombing
[65]
69 MPa 10000 psi
Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting
ocean depths of > 6500 meters
[66]
70 to 280 MPa
10000 to
40000 psi
Maximum chamber pressure during a pistol firing
[67]
10
8
Pa
110 MPa 16000 psi
Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean
surface (1100 bar)
[68]
100 to 300 MPa
15000 to
44000 psi
Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure
polyethylene (HPPE)
[69]
400 MPa 58,000 psi
Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning Machine Gun
discharge
[citation needed]
240 to 620 MPa
35000 to
90000 psi
Water pressure used in a water jet cutter
[70]
10
9
Pa
1 GPa
Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10
kbar)
[citation needed]
1.5 GPa
Diamond melts using a 3 kJ laser without turning into graphite
first.
[71]
1.5 GPa 220,000 psi
tensile strength of Inconel 625 according to Aircraft metal strength
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tables and the Mil-Hdbk-5
[citation needed]
5.8 GPa 840,000 psi Ultimate tensile strength of the polymer Zylon
10
10
Pa
10 GPa
Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature
(100,000 bar)
[72]
18 GPa
Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of
diamond
[citation needed]
24 to 110 GPa
Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph,
possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth
[citation needed]
40 GPa
Quantum mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of
copper
[73]
48 GPa
Detonation pressure of pure CL-20,
[74]
The most powerful high
explosive in mass production.
69 GPa
10,000,000
psi
highest water jet pressure made in research lab
[75]
96 GPa
Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar)
[72]
10
11
Pa
100 GPa
Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube
(CNT)
[citation needed]
130 GPa
Intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene
[76]
> 300 GPa
Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cell
[77]
360 GPa
Pressure inside the core of the Earth (3.64 million bar)
[78][79]
10
12
Pa
10
13
Pa
10
14
Pa
540 TPa
Pressure inside an Ivy Mike-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3
billion bar)
[80][81]
10
15
Pa
6.5 PPa
Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion
bar)
[80][82]
10
16
Pa
25 PPa
Pressure inside the core of the Sun (250 billion bar)
[83]
57 PPa
Pressure inside a uranium nucleus (8 MeV in a sphere of radius
175 pm)
[84]
10
34
Pa
0.3 to
16 10
34
Pa
Pressure range inside a neutron star
[85]
10
113
Pa 4.610
113
Pa
6.710
109
psi
The Planck pressure (4.63 10
108
bar), not reached except
shortly after the Big Bang or in a black hole
[citation needed]
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References
1. ^
a

b
Li, Yulin. "The ins and out of man-made and natural vacuums"
(http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=1026). Ask A Scientist!. Cornell Center for Materials
Research. Retrieved 1 January 2012. "10^-19 torr"
2. ^ Calculated: 10
19
torr 133 Pa/torr = 10
17
Pa
3. ^ Calculated: 10
17
torr 133 Pa/torr = 10
15
Pa
4. ^ Thompson, W. (1977). "Characteristics of a cryogenic extreme high-vacuum chamber". Journal of Vacuum
Science and Technology 14 (1): 643645. Bibcode:1977JVST...14..643T
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977JVST...14..643T). doi:10.1116/1.569168
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1116%2F1.569168).
5. ^
a

b
"The lunar environment". Lunar sourcebook. Cambridge University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-521-33444-6. "The
undisturbed gas concentration is only about 2x10^5 molecules/cm^3 during the lunar night, falling to perhaps 10^4
molecules/cm^3 during the lunar day."
6. ^
a

b
"WikiAnswers " (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_atmospheric_pressure_on_the_moon). Retrieved
2009-09-26.
7. ^ "Mercury Fact Sheet"
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080724161511/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html).
NASA. Archived from the original (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html) on 2008-07-
24. "~10^-15 bar"
8. ^ "Bringing the vacuum to its lowest value" (http://atlas-service-enews.web.cern.ch/atlas-service-enews/2007-
8/news_07-8/news_bakeout.php). ATLAS e-News. CERN. 28 July 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2012. "we expect
pressures below 10^-9 Pa"
9. ^ "Explanation of Solar Wind Dials" (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/SWN/sw_dials.html). NASA. Retrieved 29
December 2011.
10. ^ Altin, P. A. & Robins, N. P. (2010). "Rubidium-85 tunable-interaction BoseEinstein condensate machine"
(http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4819). Review of Scientific Instruments 81: 063103. doi:10.1063/1.3430538
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3430538). Retrieved November 21, 2013.
11. ^ "Low Earth Orbit Spacecraft Charging Design Handbook"
(http://standards.nasa.gov/documents/viewdoc/3315626/3315626) (PDF). NASA. 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
"ambient pressure is in the range of 10^-10 to 5x10^-8 Torr."
12. ^ Calculated: 10
10
Torr 133.3 Pa/Torr = 1.3 10
8
Pa. 5 10
8
Torr 133.3 Pa/Torr = 6.7 10
6
Pa.
13. ^
a

b
American Vacuum Society. "Glossary" (http://www.aip.org/avsguide/refguide/glossary.html#v). AVS
Reference Guide. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
14. ^ Calculated unit conversion: 1e-9 torr * 101325/760 Pa/torr = 1.33e-7 Pa
15. ^ "Terminology" (http://www.surtass-lfa-eis.com/Terms/). SURTASS LFA EIS. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
16. ^ G. Vulpetti, L. Johnson, G. L. Matloff, Solar Sails: A Novel Approach to Interplanetary Flight, Springer, August
2008
17. ^
a

b
"Appendix I:A-3. Sound Propagation"
(http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/noise/health_effects/soundpropagation.html). Noise and Hearing Conservation
Technical Manual Chapter. OSHA. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
18. ^ Sattler, Klaus; Feindt, Hans (1995). Thermal separation processes: principles and design
(http://books.google.com/books?
id=nnhcu1D8zcIC&lpg=PA116&dq=molecular%20distillation%20pressure&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q=molecular
%20distillation%20pressure&f=false). p. 116. ISBN 3-527-28622-5. "operating pressures in the range 0.1-0.001
Pa"
19. ^ Calculated unit conversion: 1e-3 torr * 101325/760 Pa/torr = 0.133 Pa
20. ^ "Pluto expanding atmosphere" (http://www.lesia.obspm.fr/perso/bruno-sicardy/pluton/pr_obs_en.html).
Observatoire de Paris, LESIA. Retrieved 29 December 2011. "deepest layers reach pressures of no more than a
few microbars"
21. ^ Bala Maheswaran. "Fluid" (http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1222/fluids.pdf). Physics 1222