Coal power generation technology status and future

requirements
Colin Henderson
IEA Clean Coal Centre
IEA HELE Coal Technology Roadmap Workshop
Paris, 8-9 June 2011

Introduction

Some of the material in this presentation is from work on the IEA

CCCs Clean Coal Roadmaps to 2030 study for the WPFF in 2009,
updated.
The latter determined R, D & D and commercialisation steps in
CCTs and CO2 capture to 2030 for:

Coal-fired power generation and some major industries

OECD and non-OECD countries

Method used in 2009 study

BASELINE ASSESSMENTS:
Technologies, programmes, plans and example projects in 2009
were reviewed for USA, Canada, Australia, Europe and Japan
OECD ROADMAPPING:
Developed a view of coal technologies needed by 2030
Developed targets for various dates to 2030
Considering current technologies and known plans, developed
the needed R,D&D and commercialisation steps
NON-OECD ROADMAPPING other priorities and technology
statuses may affect timing:
Reviews identified cooperation areas and technology transfer
needs of three example countries (China, India, S Africa)
Information used as input in developing non-OECD roadmaps

Outline of technologies with prospects

Pulverised coal combustion

Hundreds of GWe installed, units to ~1000 MWe

Efficiency to upper 40s% (LHV) in best locations

Conventional emissions control well established

How will it be in 10 or 20 years?

Still the most deployed coal technology

Mills
Coal

SCR
Flue gas

Advanced emissions control, including dry

systems
Incremental efficiency improvements

Ash

Air heater

Stack

Ash
Air

FGD

Limestone
slurry
Gypsum

Further efficiency gains from novel lignite

drying and from jump to 35 MPa/700C steam

CCS as integrated technology using flue gas

scrubbing or oxygen firing

Circulating fluidised bed combustion

Hundreds of units, experience to 460MWe

Suited to low quality coals and other fuels

Emissions control systems well established

How will it be in 10 or 20 years?

Still important, probably burning even more

biomass and wastes

Further incremental efficiency improvements

Higher steam conditions (460 MWe S/C unit now

operating in Poland full load achieved Mar 2009)

CCS using flue gas scrubbing, oxygen firing or, in

new designs, chemical looping

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)

Commercial demonstrations in USA and

Europe and Japan. Shortly in China, another
in USA. Others at FEED stage

Cost and availability concerns have held

back orders in past

Efficiency ~43-45% LHV

Very low emissions, mercury capture simple

How will it be in 10 or 20 years?

More widely deployed

Advancing performance and perhaps

reducing cost differential with PCC

Coal and
oxygen Raw
gas
Gasification

Slag

Air

Above from more advanced gas turbines and

new gasifier designs, dry gas cleaning

Polygeneration

CCS using pre-combustion capture

Gas
cleaning

Clean
fuel gas

Gas
turbine

By-products
and wastes
Stack

Waste heat
boiler

Steam
turbine

CO2 capture - combustion plant

Flue gas scrubbing (amines, ammonia, chilled ammonia):

Experience to ~20 MWe

Issues such as corrosion, solvent degradation controllable
Efficiency penalty high but potential to decrease (~9% points)
Scrubbing demos to 20 MWe. Larger projects upcoming, e.g. in Canada
Air and coal

De-NOx,
FGD, ESP

Boiler

Chemical
scrubbing

N2, excess
O2, H2O, etc
CO2 to
storage

Oxy-coal firing:

Demonstrated at 30 MWth pilot scale in Germany

Retrofit in progress at 30 MWe in Australia. Larger projects upcoming EU and USA
Efficiency penalty appears similar to chemical scrubbing
New oxygen production technology could reduce penalty if introduced
Recycle
gases
Oxygen and
coal

Boiler

Moisture
removal

Contaminants
removal

CO2 to
storage

CO2 capture: IGCC plants

Hydrogen to
gas turbine

Coal plus
oxygen

Gasification
and solids
removal

Shift
Steam

CO2/H2/sulphur
gases mixture

Acid gas
removal
system

CO2 to
storage

Hydrogen sulphide
to sulphur recovery

Physical or chemical solvent scrubbing of CO2 is established in chemical industry

2-5 MWe pilot capture plants at EU IGCC plants (Buggenum and Puertollano)
Lower energy penalty than for PCC
Experience of E-class GTs on 95% H2
Other methods of separation available
Other schemes without shift

Coverage of review of some existing OECD

programmes and roadmaps in 2009

USA: CCPI CCS demonstrations, Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds;

FutureGen (now oxyfuel); Carbon Sequestration Technology R&D Program; CURCEPRI Coal Roadmap
Canada: Clean Coal Technology and CO2 Capture and Storage Roadmaps;
Clean Energy Fund May 2009, CCS research and demonstrations; Alberta fund for
CCS; CCPC
Australia: ACA COAL21 National Action Plan and COAL21 Fund; National Clean
Coal Fund; New Clean Energy Initiative, CCS Flagships Program; Programmes of
Queensland, NSW and Victoria Governments; GCCSI
Europe: Funding for some CCS projects from budget surplus, others from sale of
EUAs; Framework Programme with strong focus on CCS and CCTs; COST,
covering basic and pre-competitive research; ZEP Technology Platform
Japan: C3 Initiative CCUJ roadmap; METI Energy Technology Strategy Map and
Cool Earth Innovative Energy Technology Program Technology Development
Roadmap

Review of projects in 2009

The report described a number of then existing CCT and CCS projects,
and four annexes listed many more. Example projects included:

Advanced supercritical pulverised coal plant:

700C Wilhelmshaven 50+ project, Germany

Post combustion capture:

Vattenfall demonstration project, Nordjyllandsvaerket, Denmark; Latrobe
Valley Post Combustion Capture Project, Australia; Alstom chilled ammonia
CO2 capture demonstrations, USA

Oxy-fuel:
Vattenfall 30 MWth pilot project, Germany; CS Energy Callide A demonstration,
Australia; Jamestown CFB oxy-coal combustion demonstration, NY, USA

IGCC (with and without capture):

HRL (Australia) demonstration; Powerfuel project, UK, GreenGen project,
China, ZeroGen project, Australia

Conclusions from 2009 survey of international

roadmaps and projects ... (1)

Maximising future security of electricity supply and its extension

to non-supplied populations was of high priority, so reliance on
coal would have to continue

Accompanying potential CO2 emissions needed to be addressed

This required continuing assessment of development barriers and

addressing the associated R, D & D to develop CCTs and CCS

A range of coal technology options needed to be maintained, with

provision for breakthrough systems to be explored

Conclusions from 2009 survey of international

roadmaps and projects ... (2)

CCT developments needed to integrate well with CCS

CCS needed to be proven in time for commercial deployment by the

mid 2020s

A good line-up of CCS pilot and demonstration projects was in

prospect, although a greater sense of urgency was warranted

Two-way technology cooperation between OECD and non-OECD

countries was needed to ensure that the above occurred
worldwide

Dependence on future advances would not be the sole solution:

major CO2 emissions savings could be achieved by using current
best CCT designs more widely

Update since 2009 ... (1)

Although there have been some lost projects and delays, a

significant number have survived

New projects have emerged, both CCTs and CCS

CO2 capture has been demonstrated on coal systems at pilot (up to

20MWe) scale and FEED studies are in progress for demonstrations
at 100-200 MWe for combustion technologies

CO2 capture is now being operated on IGCC slipstreams at 2-5 MWe

pilot scale at two EU plants; a larger demonstration (about 50 MWe
equivalent) is planned in the USA

Update since 2009 ... (2)

IGCC projects include new plants under construction in the USA

and China, with plans for addition of at least partial CCS. One or
two other new IGCC projects including CCS look fairly likely to
proceed

Unfortunately, the 50+ plant at Wilhelmshaven is indefinitely

suspended

There are possible signs of a lessening commitment to coal by

some governments, prompted by adverse public reactions as well
as financial tightening

Suggested post-2030 targets for discussion

90% CO2 capture part of standard equipment, various systems, and

other emissions at virtually zero levels

Availability >90% combustion-based systems; >85% gasificationbased systems

Efficiency of power generation approaching as far as possible that

of current non-capture systems (40-45%, net, LHV)

Substantial reduction in CO2 abatement cost (40-50 US$/t predicted

in 2009)

Technical milestones from the 2009 report

The following slides include diagrams from the 2009 report. They are
simplified in the tables following them, where recent developments
are also highlighted

OECD roadmapping PCC

Current position (2009)

COMMERCIAL USC TO
25-30 MPa/600C/620C
46% NET, LHV, BITUM
COALS, INLAND, EU,
EVAP TOWER COOLING,
(44%, HHV).
ON HIGH MOISTURE
LIGNITE 43% NET, LHV,
SIMILAR CONDITIONS
(37%, HHV)

2009-2015
COMMERCIAL USC TO
25-30 MPa/600C/620C

R&D, PILOT TESTS

FOR HIGHER
TEMPS
FIRST 700C DEMO
BEGINS OPS 2014

Materials, cycles
CCS
R&D, PILOTS
CO2 capture
AND DEMOS

Emissions on bitum coals:

Particulates 5-10 mg/m3
SO2 <20 mg/m3
NOx 50-100 mg/m3
dry systems can give lower
emissions

2015-2017
COMMERCIAL USC TO
25-30 MPa/600C/620C

700C DEMOS
R&D materials
Side-stream CCS

FULL FLOW CCS

DEMOS ON USC
600C PLANTS

Full environmental controls

at at least 2009 state-of-theart emissions

2017-2020
COMMERCIAL USC TO
650C+

R&D:
Materials,
Novel steam cycles
novel post-comb,
oxy-coal materials 650700C

ADVANCED FULL
FLOW CCS DEMOS
(scrubbing only for
700C technology)

2020-2025

2025-2030

Post-2030

COMMERCIAL CCS USC

TO 35 MPa/700C/720C
(scrubbing only for 700C;
oxy-coal to 600C)

COMMERCIAL CCS USC

TO 35 MPa/700C/720C
RANGE OF CAPTURE
SYSTEMS (oxy-coal to
650C only)

COMMERCIAL CCS USC

ROUTINELY BEYOND
35MPa/700C/720C
ALL CAPTURE SYSTEMS
ALL COALS, ALL FIRING
CONFIGURATIONS.

>700C/720C
DEMOS, ALL WITH
CCS, VARIOUS
TYPES
R&D materials

EFFICIENCIES 40-45%,
NET, LHV, INCL. CO2
CAPTURE, DEPENDING
ON CONDITIONS AND
SYSTEMS USED

R&D
Studies supporting
commercial plants.
OXY-COAL PILOT
650-700C

Emissions on all coals:

Particulates 1 mg/m3
SO2 10 mg/m3
NOx 10 mg/m3
90% mercury removal

Near-zero emissions all

coals:
Particulates <1 mg/m3
SO2 <10 mg/m3
NOx <10 mg/m3
99% mercury removal
90% CO2 capture

Notes on PCC

500 MWe 700C+ PCC demonstration in Europe indefinitely

suspended. Alternative demonstrations should be considered
elsewhere. Sidestream CO2 capture needs to be included

The associated R&D and pilot plant work is continuing

By 2020, such plants need to be offered commercially, supported

by continuing materials development and testing

Consideration should be given to including full flow CO2 scrubbing

as part of a 700C demonstration

Other emissions decreasing

Development and deployment of dry gas cleaning and novel lignite

drying should probably be specifically included in roadmap; also
mercury capture as normal commercial option

OECD roadmapping IGCC

Current position (2009)

2009-2015

5 DEMOS/EX- DEMOS
OPERATE, 250-300MWe
VARIOUS ENTRAINED
GASIFIERS ON VARIOUS
COALS

CONSTRUCT, OPERATE
COMMERCIAL PLANTS
WITH LATEST F AND W
TURBINES

600 MWe COMMERCIAL

PLANTS UNDER
CONSTRUCTION.
HIGHER CAP. COST
THAN PCC BUT COST W.
CAPTURE
COMPETITIVE.
40-43% NET, LHV, 46%
NEW PLANTS (LATEST
F-TURBINES) ON
BITUMINOUS COALS.
AVAILABILITY ~80%

R&D:
Reduce capital cost,
increase availability,
extend range of coals.
Gas turbine
developments.
Dry syngas cleaning
Cryogenic air
separation, e.g. ITM.
Modelling to optimise
IGCC blocks

2015-2017

2017-2020

COMMERCIAL PLANTS
WITH LATEST F- AND
W-CLASS GTs. SOME
WITH CAPTURE

COMMERCIAL PLANTS
OPERATING WITH
LATEST F- AND WCLASS GTs

COMMERCIAL OP OF
NEW WATER QUENCH
GASIFIERS

VARIOUS GASIFIER
TYPES

R&D:
Reduce cost,
extend range of coals,
increase availability.
GT developments.

R&D:
Develop H-class
IGCC GT
Develop GT for ITM
cycles.
Novel gasifiers,
new power cycles.

2020-2025

2025-2030

Post-2030

COMMERCIAL PLANTS
OPERATING WITH HOR J-GTs ABLE TO
BURN HIGH
HYDROGEN.
FULL CO2 CAPTURE
AVAILABLE
CAPITAL COST
COMPARABLE WITH
PCC FOR NON-CAPTURE
SYSTEMS

COMMERCIAL IGCC
WITH H- OR J-CLASS
GTSs WITH ULTRA-LOW
NOx ON HYDROGEN
FUEL.
FULL CO2 CAPTURE

ADVANCED IGCC WITH

CO2 CAPTURE AS
STANDARD USING GAS
SEPARATION
MEMBRANES AND
SHIFT MEMBRANE
REACTORS

R&D:
Studies supporting
commercial plants

PRE-COMB CCS
R&D, PILOTS AND
DEMOS

Emissions:
Particulates <1 mg/m3
SO2 <20 mg/m3
NOx <50 mg/m3; SCR will
allow lower levels
Mercury capture
demonstrated

Pilot dry gas

cleaning, fuel cells
tests

ITM PILOT (standalone)

DEMONSTRATE
ITM (stand-alone)

PILOT OF FUEL
CELL ON ULTRACLEAN SYNGAS
SLIPSTREAM
DEMONSTRATE
ITM OXYGEN
SUPPLY IN IGCC

FULL FLOW PRECOMB CCS DEMOS

USING SCRUBBING.
Supporting R&D

Full emissions controls at at

least 2009 state-of-the-art

ADVANCED CCS
DEMOS

R&D:
Studies supporting
commercial plants.
Develop CO2 GTs

COMMERCIAL
SCALE DEMO OF
DRY GAS CLEANUP

Dry syngas cleaning.

Slipstream gas polishing
for fuel cells

CAPITAL COST LOWER

THAN PCC WITH CCS

Emissions:
Particulates 0.1 mg/m3
Emissions of SO2 and NOx
<10 mg/m3
90% mercury removal

DEMONSTRATE ITM
O2 IN IGCC WITH
ITM-OPTIMISED GT
AND CCS
DEMONSTRATE
ULTRA-DEEP
SYNGAS CLEANING
WITH FUEL CELLS

EFFICIENCY 40-45%,
LHV, INCL. CO2
CAPTURE, DEPENDING
ON TECHNOLOGY,
COAL TYPE,
CONDITIONS
ITM OXYGEN AS
OPTION WITH ITMOPTIMISED H2 GT
DRY GAS CU INCL.
MERCURY
FUEL CELLS IN SOME
PLANTS
EVENTUALLY OTHER
SYSTEMS WITH CO2 GTs
CO2/H2O GTs

Near-zero emissions, all

coals:
Particulates 0.1 mg/m3
SO2 <10 mg/m3
NOx <10 mg/m3
99% mercury removal

Notes on IGCC

Construction of commercial demos in some number, operating

2010-2017, needed to extend experience with the technology

As many as possible should include CO2 capture demonstrations

2 new IGCCs in USA, 1 in China, will be operating within the next

year or two, so some progress. Other still in prospect but
experience with firing IGCC syngas turbines on hydrogen, hoped for
in this period, may come a little slower than hoped

Over period to 2030, movement to higher specification gas turbines

and other developments is needed to keep efficiency progressing
upwards; novel systems could play a major role; decreasing
emissions

Proving that high availability is maintainable will remain very

important

OECD roadmapping CO2 capture

Current position (2009)

4 LARGE SCALE
CAPTURE
DEMONSTRATIONS ON
NON-POWER PLANTS
CAPTURE EXPERIENCE
IN CERTAIN
INDUSTRIES AND FOR
FOOD PROCESSING
NUMBER OF PILOT
CAPTURE PLANTS

2009-2015

POST-COMB CAPTURE:
LARGE DEMOS 85%
CAPTURE INCLUDING
RETROFITS USING
SCRUBBING
R&D & PILOTS ON PCC
AND CFBC:
develop/improve chemical
solvents; laboratory work on
post comb capture using dry
systems

OXY-COAL: LARGE
AND MEDIUM DEMOS
AND PILOTS.
R&D: process modelling,
combustion studies,
materials studies;
characterisn NOx, SO2,
mercury removal;
low gas recycle rate with
CFBC

PRE-COMB CAPTURE:
LARGE DEMOS.
R&D:
new solvents, membranes,
adsorption systems

CHEMICAL LOOPING:
SMALL PILOT TESTS,
R&D on O2 carriers.
All CCS: energy efficient
compressors

2015-2017

POST-COMB CAPTURE:
LARGE DEMOS 85%
CAPTURE INCLUDING
RETROFITS USING
SCRUBBING
R&D & PILOTS: test
advanced solvents, dry
systems.
Capture slipstream on
35MPa/700C/720C unit.

OXY-COAL: LARGE
DEMOS INCLUDING
RETROFITS.
R&D: process modelling,
heat transfer modelling;
materials for higher temp
systems.
Pilot low recycle CFBC

2017-2020

POST-COMB CAPTURE:
ADVANCED DEMOS
>85% CAPTURE INC
RETROFITS.
R&D: advanced solvents
membrane contactors
dry absorption, adsorption

FIRST COMMERCIAL
SYSTEMS, >85%
CAPTURE, ALL 3 MAIN
METHODS OF CAPTURE,
NEW PLANTS AND
RETROFITS

POST-COMB CAPTURE:
Supporting R&D: new
solvents, membrane
contacting systems with
novel solvents, solid
absorbents or adsorbents
OXY-COAL:
SUPERCRITICAL FULL
FLOW DEMOS.
R&D: test boiler sections
650-700C steam;
concepts for ITM
incorporation;
improved boiler geometries

PRE-COMB CAPTURE:
LARGE DEMOS 85%
CAPTURE
PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL SCRUBBING

PRE-COMB CAPTURE:
ADVANCED SOLVENTS
>85% CAPTURE FULL
FLOW DEMOS

R&D: H2 combusting GTs,

slipstream tests on memb
separation, lab test
membranes and membrane
reactors, advanced gasifiers

R&D: air-extracting GTS for

hydrogen,
shift with low steam requt,
pilot membranes, membrane
reactors, gasification fuel
cell cycles, advanced
gasifiers, novel IGCC cycles

CHEMICAL LOOPING:
lab tests on O2 carriers.
All CCS: energy efficient
compressors

2020-2025

CHEMICAL LOOPING:
small pilot tests and
supporting R&D.
All CCS: energy efficient
comps

OXY-COAL:
PILOT 650-700C steam.
PILOT oxy-coal with ITM
in two reactors.
R&D: supporting studies

PRE-COMB CAPTURE
R&D:
H-class GTs for high H2
fuels, pilot shift membrane
reactors, novel IGCC cycles,
pilot ITM IGCC

CHEMICAL LOOPING:
PILOT TESTS and
supporting R&D

2025-2030

COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS
90%+ CAPTURE.
POST-COMB CAPTURE:
NEW SOLVENTS;
MEMB CONTACTING;
SOLID ABSORBENTS,
ADSORBENTS
OXY-COAL 650C STEAM
SYSTEMS.
PRE-COMB CAPTURE
WITH H-CLASS GTs WITH
ULTRA-LOW NOx ON H2
GENERAL:
REDUCED ENERGY USE
OF CO2 CAPTURE AND
COMPRESSION

OXY-COAL:
650-700C STEAM
DEMO;
ITM OXY-COAL PILOT
USING INTEGRATED
MEMBRANE BOILER.
R&D: supporting studies
PRE-COMB CAPTURE:
DEMO SHIFT
MEMBRANE REACTORS;
DEMO GASIFICATION
FUEL CELL CYCLES FOR
CCS;
DEMO NOVEL
GASIFICATION-BASED
CYCLES;
DEMO ITM IGCC CCS
Supporting R&D
CHEMICAL LOOPING:
DEMOS and supporting
R&D

Post-2030

COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE SYSTEMS,
90%+ CO2 CAPTURE,
EFFICIENCIES 40-45%,
NET, LHV.
POST COMBUSTION
CAPTURE:
GREATLY REDUCED
WATER CONSUMPTION
FROM VARIOUS
SYSTEMS.
OXY-COAL:
VARIOUS SYSTEMS UP
TO 700C STEAM;
INTEGRATED ITM.
PRE-COMB CAPTURE:
HIGH SPEC GTs WITH
ULTRA-LOW NOX ON H2;
MEMBRANES; SHIFT
MEMBRANE REACTORS;
ADVANCED IGCC
CYCLES WITH ITM;
IG FUEL CELLS.
CHEMICAL LOOPING
SYSTEMS

Notes on CO2 capture with update

CO2 capture technologies need rapid demonstration at 100 MWe

plus to become commercially deployable in the 2020s

All 3 main types of CO2 capture need pursuing: a number of North

American and EU publicly funded demonstration projects are likely
to construct soon, with FEED studies begun

Later demonstrations will allow performance and cost to be

improved so that first commercial systems, from 2020, would use
such systems

During the 2020s, breakthrough systems need to be demonstrated

(e.g. chemical looping, integrated ITM oxy-coal, membrane
reactors, fuel cells) to provide bases of advanced post 2030 plants

Supporting R&D will be needed throughout

Non-OECD roadmaps

Other priorities and technology statuses may affect timing of

R,D&D and commercialisation

Reviews carried out to identify cooperation areas and technology

transfer needs of three example countries (China, India, S Africa)

Information used as input in developing non-OECD roadmaps

Coal use in China, India and South Africa

Power generation

Shanghai, 900 MW SC units

Sipat power plant, India

Fuyang Huaren, 660 MW SC units

China power technologies roadmap including CO2

capture
Current position (2009)
PCC: SUBCRIT, SC AND USC
END 2009: 24% PLANTS SC/USC UP
TO 600C
NUMEROUS FBC UNITS

2009-2015
CLOSE SMALL SUBCRIT
DEPLOY MORE SC AND USC

KNOWLEDGE SHARING:
EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS
SC CFBC
POST-COMB CO2 CAPTURE

2015-2020
CLOSE SMALL SUBCRIT
DEPLOY MORE SC AND USC

KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER:
PARTICIPATE IN 700C DEMO.
POST-COMB CO2 CAPTURE
OXY-COAL CO2 CAPTURE

2020-2030
DEPLOY USC TO 700C
FIRST COMMERCIAL CCS PLANTS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING:
ADVANCED EMISSIONS
CONTROL
ADVANCED POST-COMB CO2
CAPTURE
OXY-COAL CO2 CAPTURE

Post-2030
COMMERCIAL CCS USC PCC AND
CFBC ROUTINELY BEYOND
35MPa/700C/720C
ALL CAPTURE SYSTEMS
ALL COALS, ALL FIRING
CONFIGURATIONS
EFFICIENCIES 40-45%, NET, LHV,
INC CO2 CAPTURE, DEPENDING ON
CONDITIONS AND SYSTEMS USED

POST-COMB CO2 CAPTURE

PILOTS
POST-COMB CO2 CAPTURE
DEMOS
OXY-COAL PILOTS AND FIRST
DEMOS

IGCC DEMOS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCT AND OPERATE IGCCs

(GREENGEN STAGE I AND OMB)
OVERSEAS IGCC PROJECTS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER:
GASIFICATION, GAS TURBINES

GREENGEN IGCC STAGE II: 25%

FLOW PRE-COMB CCS DEMO

EMISSIONS FROM COMB PLANTS:

WIDE RANGE BUT SOME PLANTS
HAVE EFFECTIVE DUST, SO2, NOx
CONTROLS

COMMERCIAL IGCC

KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER:
PRE-COMB CO2 CAPTURE, GAS
TURBINES

GREENGEN IGCC STAGE III: PRECOMB CCS DEMO 400MW

ADVANCED POST-COMB CO2

CAPTURE DEMOS
OXY-COAL DEMOS

COMMERCIAL IGCC WITH CO2

CAPTURE

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND

KNOWLEDGE SHARING:
ADVANCED GAS TURBINES
DRY GAS CLEANING
DRY CO2 CAPTURE

ADVANCED PRE-COMB CO2

CAPTURE DEMOS

IGCC CO2 CAPTURE AS STANDARD

SOME USING MEMBRANES
EFFICIENCY 40- 45%, LHV, INC CO2
CAPTURE, DEPENDING ON
TECHNOLOGY, COAL TYPE,
CONDITIONS
ITM OXYGEN AS OPTION WITH
ITM-OPTIMISED H2 GT
DRY GAS CU INCL MERCURY
FUEL CELLS IN SOME PLANTS
EVENTUALLY OTHER SYSTEMS
WITH CO2 GTs CO2/H2O GTs

NEAR-ZERO EMISSIONS, ALL

COALS:
PARTICULATES 0.1 mg/m3
SO2 <10 mg/m3
NOx <10 mg/m3
99% MERCURY REMOVAL

Non-OECD roadmapping: notes on power

technologies with update

In China, USC parameters reach close to world highest now

Generation plants in India and South Africa now reaching

supercritical need to move quickly toward higher conditions
through continuing external collaborations

In 2009, there were two IGCC projects in China with timescales

close to many OECD projects, and technology collaboration
projects with overseas gas turbine manufacturers were in place.
The GreenGen project is the only one currently under construction

Non-OECD roadmapping: notes on CO2 capture

China has many initiatives and activities on CO2 capture, e.g.

GreenGen IGCC project, post-combustion CO2 capture plants of
Huaneng, EOR using CO2 from Shenhua CTL plant planned

CCS activities have started in South Africa and a demonstration is

planned. India interested in CCS for future but currently focused on
efficiency improvement

Finally ...

Two general conclusions slides, followed by two more giving

suggested pointers to discussion items

Conclusions ... (1)

CCTs need further development to improve efficiencies and reduce

emissions to near zero by 2030. Current application of best coal
technologies needs to spread much further

Demonstration of PCC at very high parameters has stalled but

needs to be revived and if possible include CO2 capture

Commercial demonstrations of novel lignite drying systems are

needed for higher efficiency with such fuel on PCC and IGCC

IGCC orders are still disappointing

CO2 capture technologies on coal systems, now at up to 20 MWe,

needs larger demonstrations to achieve commercial CCS in the
2020s. This process is occurring, with FEED studies and finance

Conclusions ... (2)

All 3 main types of CO2 capture need progressing rapidly as well as

potential breakthrough capture technologies

Rapidly rising countries such as Brazil and Indonesia need to be

encouraged through co-operations to use best available technology

Two-way knowledge sharing between OECD and non-OECD will be

increasingly important for CCT and CCS deployment

CCS is beginning to worry some of the public: this perceptual issue

needs solving before it becomes a real limitation on projects

Some initial pointers for this discussion ... (1)

Need to fit with IEA CCS roadmap

Need to look forward to 2050 breakthrough technologies may be important

Metrics for roadmap to feature in report need to be agreed e.g.

Extent of deployment of different types of plant, efficiency/heat rate, specific CO2
emissions; other emissions; plant flexibility, water consumption, capital
requirements, cost per MWh, cost per tonne of CO2 avoided/captured

Targets for selected metrics need to be agreed

Is a target date for no further non-capture plants needed?

Growing interest in use of low rank coals what are the best
technologies for maximum efficiency?

Dry cooling and reduced water usage for CO2 capture need to be
accommodated while keeping CO2 emissions low

Some initial pointers for this discussion ... (2)

Technical development gaps identification e.g. proving commercial

scale demonstration 700C PCC; establishing low energy consuming lignite drying;
proving commercial scale IGCC with CCS and low NOx; achieving G and H-class
gas turbines in a commercial IGCC, and gas turbine optimised for ITM oxygen; dry
gas cleaning for PCC and IGCC; reducing costs and speeding development of
breakthrough technologies such as chemical looping ...

IGCC still slow to take off but CCS was supposed to improve the
relative prospects for IGCC because of a lower capture cost: is
cost now increasing compared with PCC-CCS? Cost of some IGCCCCS projects has caused deferments/cancellations

Many IGCC-CCS projects are starting as NGCC for declared

economic reasons. Is this the best way? Will they proceed beyond
gas?

Support for stable carbon price needed everywhere