Integral Waterproofing Solutions for Concrete
Presented by:
Joshua J. Edwards, P.E. Director of Engineering
Bill Frazier & Dan Lien - Sales
Learning Objectives
1.
Understand the possibilities and implications of using integral waterproofing
and corrosion control solutions versus conventional waterproofing/corrosion
control methodologies
2.
Understand why integral waterproofing approaches are sustainable and reduce
environmental impact compared to traditional techniques
3.
Understand why integral waterproofing solutions can be more economical and
provide greater life cycle value
4.
Understand why integral waterproofers offer superior performance over
membranes and other coatings
Integral Waterproofing: Agenda
1.
Why is there a need for concrete waterproofing?
2.
What are the traditional approaches for concrete waterproofing?
3.
Existing issues with conventional waterproofing methods
4.
What is integral waterproofing?
5.
Environmental benefits of integral solutions
6.
Project and worksite advantages of integral waterproofing
7.
How can integral waterproofing be achieved? Hydrophobics in depth.
8.
Applications for integral waterproofing
Major Problem
(Capillary Wicking Action)
Concrete is hydrophilic. Moisture
contacting the concrete surface is
quickly drawn through the matrix into
the structure through the capillaries,
cracks and voids
External Protection Systems
Cold applied asphalt/coal-tar
Rubberized asphalt sheets
Asphalt modified poly-urethanes
Hot/Cold polymer modified asphalt
Cementitious systems and Bentonite clay systems
External Protection Issues
Requires nearly 100% perfect workmanship
Risk of weather delay
Vulnerable to damage
Reduced lay down areas on jobsite
Expensive or impossible to repair
(finger pointing when leaks occur)
Typically not recyclable
High VOC, safety issues
Increased liability fears
External Protection Issues Continued
Complex design
Significant amount of material needed
Typically not environmentally friendly
Numerous man-hours required
Costly Repairs
Market Impact
Over $16 Billion per year in material and labor to
externally protect concrete structures from water
intrusion.
There is a direct correlation between the ability
to waterproof and corrosion control.
Better waterproofing = Better corrosion control
The global annual cost of corrosion exceeds $200
Billion
Something isnt working!
Environmental Impacts
Waste materials from the built environment are known as
Construction and Demolition debris (C&D), and account for
a large percentage of the waste stream:
C&D accounts for approximately 1/3 of total annual
landfill waste generated in the United States, nearly 140
million tons
Building renovation and demolition accounts for
91% of the C&D generated each year, while new
construction accounts for only 9%
Concrete represents 40-50% of C&D of which a
significant portion is membrane related
What are the Alternatives to Help
Your Clients ?
To Attack the Problem at the Root
Value Proposition Redefined:
Introducing Integral Waterproofing
Integral waterproofing solutions have
a 40+ year history
Water/Salt
Integral
Waterproof
Solution
Admixtures that simplify design and
offer real-time high performance
waterproofing solutions
Capillary transport is shut down
Concrete becomes hydrophobic
Less than 1% water absorption
Steel Reinforcement
Environmental Benefits
Elimination of membranes
enables significant
amounts of landfill
savings
Green approach working
toward LEED points
Recyclability of concrete
and sustainable design
Reduced carbon footprint
Project Advantages
Superior Protection, Increased ROI
Accelerated construction
Design simplification
Real-time waterproofing
Increased structural life
Attractive life cycle value
Early completion (faster revenue generation)
Risk reduction
Safer Sites and Expanded Lay Down Areas
Integral Waterproofing Tools
Two Classes of Integral Products
1. Permeability Reducer
Fly ash, slag, silica fume
Treated silicates crystal growth products
2. Hydrophobic Admixtures
Liquid-based ammonia emulsion admixture
Water-based environmentally friendly admixture
Permeability Reducers
1. Flyash, Slag, Silica Fume
Renewable building materials
2. Treated Silicates Crystal Growth
Hydrophobic Admixtures
1. Ammonia Emulsion
2. Water-Based
Hydrophobic Technology Migration
Australia: 1960s
Hong Kong, Philippines, UK: 1980s
U.S. : 1999
Hydrophobic Concrete
Systems approach combing
four components
1.
2.
3.
4.
Technology
Service
Operations
Warranty
Technology
Test Results
Chloride
Diffusion
Comparison
between
Chloride
Diffusion
Comparison
CN/SF/FA
Combo.
between
CN/SF/FA
Combo and
and
Hycrete
Concrete
Hydrophobic Concrete
Diffusion Coefficients
3.00E-12
2.50E-12
2.00E-12
1.50E-12
1.00E-12
5.00E-13
Hydrophobic
Hycrete
Chloride Concentration (lbs/CY)
50
SF + FA + CN
Surface to 0.5 inches
0.5 to 1inch
40
1 to 1.5 inches
1.5 to 2 inches
30
20
10
0
0.00E+00
Control
CN/SF/FA
CN = Calcium Nitrite, SF = Silica Fume, FA = Fly Ash
Hydrophobic
HYCRETE
Test Results
Evapo-transpiration Relative Permeability Testing
Independent Shotcrete Absorption Testing
Hycrete
Control Control Hydrophobic
Waterproof
Performance
Specification
Line
2.00%
1.00%
Hydrophobic
Acceptability
Range
0.00%
Control
Crystal
Growth
Hydrophobic
Ammonnia
Emulsion 6
Gallons
Hydrophobic
Water-Based
1 Gallon
140
120
M L / M IN x 1 0 0 , 0 0 0
% Absorption BSI - 1881
3.00%
100
80
60
40
20
0
7
28
56
Sample Age
90
Corrosion Testing Results
Testing
Tcorr of Bars in 3-in Lollipops
Stopped
At 96 weeks
Time to Corrosion (Weeks)
3-in Lollipops
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Control
Calcium Nitrite
Proprietary
Alternative
Hydrophobic
Corrosion Rates of Bars in 3-in Lollipops
3-in Lollipops
Corrosion Rate (umho/cm 2)
1000
100
10
0.1
0.01
Control
Calcium Nitrite
Proprietary
Alternative
Hydrophobic
Corrosion Rate of Bars in Pre-cracked Concrete
Pre-Cracked Lollipops (After 35 Weeks)
Corrosion Rate (umho/cm 2)
250
200
150
100
50
0
Control
Calcium Nitrite
Proprietary
Alternative
Hydrophobic
Shrinkage Testing Results
ASTM C157 Drying Shrinkage
300
Shrinkage ( meter )
250
200
150
100
50
0
Control
Hydrophobic
Nelson Testing
Labs, Chicago, IL
40/60 Structural Mix
.40 W/C 565 lbs.
Cementitious
24% Type F Fly ash
Water Reducer
Service
Due Diligence
Full Plan Review
Detailing Review
Pre-Construction
Coordination Meeting
Pre-Pour Site Inspection
Placement Inspection
Post Placement Inspection
Pre-Delivery Preparation
Plan Review
Is the proposed application
appropriate for the use of
hydrophobic concrete?
Does the design meet
specifications?
Are modifications to
structure or design
needed?
Does the project qualify
for warranty?
Detail Selection
What details are appropriate for the
proposed construction methods?
Pre-Construction
Coordination Meeting
Educate the team on the use of waterproof
concrete construction methods.
Coordinate inspection and placement
protocol.
Answer any questions prior to placement.
Pre-Pour Inspection
Placement Inspection
Operations
Computer Controlled Quality
Ready Mixed and Ready to Go
Applications for Waterproof Concrete
Foundations, basements,
tunnels, retaining walls
Elevated decks
Traffic decks / plaza
areas
Roofs, bridge
structures
Corrosive environments
Transportation,
parking structures
Marine
Questions?
