The Advanced Tunneling Method
SHIELD TBM
HEAD OFFICE
1033-2 Guseo 2-dong, Guemjeongu, Busan,Korea
Tel. 82-051-580-5500 Fax.82-051-580-5678
SEOUL REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS
16th Floor, Seongwon Bldg, 141 Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu Seoul
Tel. 82-02-553-3527 Fax.82-02-555-1763
INDIA CORPORATION
#329, 3rd Floor, Tower-B, Spazedge, Sector-47, Gurgaon-Sohna
Road, Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India
Tel.91-124-473-8604~8 Fax.91-124-473-8610
VIETNAM CORPORATION
A1/43 Building, 130 Doc Ngu,
Ba Dinh District, HaNoi, Viet Nam
Tel.84-4-726-3620
ABU DHABI BRANCH OFFICE
P.O.Box 126607, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Tel.971-2-658-4060 Fax.971-2-658-4061
KUWAIT BRANCH OFFICE
P.O.Box 28621 Safat 13147 Kuwait city-Kuwait
Tel.965-22437717 FAX.965-22437718
BAHRAIN BRANCH OFFICE
Office22, Entrance 892, Road3316, Manama/Ummal Hassam
0333,Capital Governorate,Bahrain
Tel.973-3400-2871
SINGAPORE BRANCH OFFICE
192 Waterloo Street #04-07
Skyline Bldg Singapore 187966
Tel.65-6745-6530 Fax.65-6745-3059
CAMBODIA BRANCH OFFICE
IOC Center F4 R2, No. 254, Monivong Blvd, Sangkat Beong Raing,
Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh City
Tel.070-7735-7399
QATAR BRANCH OFFICE
P.O. Box 75362 Doha, Qatar
Tel.974-4490-1565
Fax.974-4490-1284
Table of Contents
04
Introduction
05
Advantages and Factors Considered
06
EPB & Slurry TBM Operations
09
Quality Control
11
Cutter Head Design to Layer Type
12
Segment
15
Main Projects
24
Track Record
25
TBM Owned
The Advanced Tunneling Method
SHIELD TBM
Introduction
Advantages and Factors Considered
Advantages
Minimize works on the ground besides both shafts for launch and arrival of shield TBM.
Minimize noise, vibration, dust, pollution, etc. from construction.
Minimize disturbance ~
Minimize diversion of existing underground facilities along tunnel alignment.
The process is repetitive, so that most of the works can be automated and easily managed.
A method of underground tunneling using Shield TBM
(Tunnel Boring Machines)
Compared to cut & cover method, the depth of tunnel has influence on the construction cost.
Tunneling under river, sea, buildings, etc. is made easy compared to other methods of tunneling.
It is possible to construct more curved and steep tunnel than other methods.
Since many researches are still ongoing in the advancement of shield TBM, it is expected to be
A method of tunnel excavation which avoids ground collapse and ground settlement.
Subsequently after the excavation, segmented lining is installed from the rear part of the
shield TBM.
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
This method can prevent the collapse and settlement of the ground during excavation.
With excavating the ground, segmented lining is installed from the rear part of the shield TBM.
Compared to the cut & cover method for excavation, this method is considered as much
safer & eco-friendly method.
Complexity of construction is less than cut & cover method.
Less disturbance to surrounding structures & people, which implies suitability for down town tunnels.
Factors Considered
Additional counterplan such as ground improvement can be required to maintain the face pressure
in control and prevent ground settlement if the soil cover of excavation section is thin.
Wider working area can be required for shafts of launch and arrival compared to other methods.
A lot of works at the shafts can cause construction pollution such as noise & vibration to
surrounding circumstances.
www.dage.co.kr
SHIELD TBM
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
applied under any ground conditions hereafter.
EPB & Slurry TBM Operations
Earth Pressure Balanced (EPB) Shield
Slurry Type Shield
Travel path of excavated material.
Travel path of excavated material
Chamber
Disposal.
Screw Conveyor
Muck Pit
Belt Conveyor
Muck Car
The face pressure balance is maintained by the chamber pressure (open, closed mode of
pressure gate) and by the screw conveyor operation (hauling speed).
Bentonite or foam will be required to ease the flow of excavated material.
Earth Pressure Balanced Shield Layout
Slurry Discharge Pipe
STP
(Separation of soil & water)
The slurry pressure is applied to cutting surface for maintaining the face pressure.
The pressure wall also helps to maintain the face pressure in control.
Be suitable for the ground such as loose sand, soft clay, and whose underground water level is high.
Slurry Shield Layout
7
Oil tank unit
Hydraulic pump unit
Advantages & Disadvantages of EPB Shield
Advantages
Ease to identify the type of excavated
material.
Less space and facilities is required for site
layout compared to slurry method.
The disposal process of the material is
simple compared to slurry method.
Be possible to construct in clayey ground.
Slurry feeding pipe
Segment
Slurry discharging pipe
Segment feeder
Grease pump unit
Starter panel
Oil tank
Transformer
Hydraulic pump unit
Advantages & Disadvantages of Slurry Type Shield
Disadvantages
Some additives are required to maintain
earth balance in the loose ground condition.
Be difficult to be applied in the ground
whose underground water level is high.
Tail seal greasing device
Operating panel
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Rear section working deck
Operating room
Operating panel
Rear section working deck
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Chamber
(mixed with slurry)
Disposal
Slurry type Excavation
EPB
Excavation
Excavation
Slurry
Advantages
Disadvantages
The face pressure balance is easily maintained
by slurry in the unstable ground.
Enable to be applied under various ground types.
Working environment is clean within tunnel.
Transporting the excavated material to the
ground is easy and continuous transport is
possible.
More space and facilities is required for site
layout compared to EPB method.
Some additives are required for separating
fine-grained soil.
SHIELD TBM
EPB & Slurry TBM Operations
Quality Control
Construction Process
Shield skin gauge
This gauge, as an additional monitoring system,
is used to detect the following.
Excavation diameter
Time to replace roller bits.
Presence of voids(air/water pockets).
Shaft Construction
TBM Assembly
Initial Drive
The cutter head interventions can be forecasted by checking the cutter wear.
Through this gauge, it is possible to prevent unexpected interruptions such as sudden cutter head
Slurry Type
EPB Type
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Break Through
intervention and precautionary measures can be carried out earlier if the voids are detected.
Monitoring Volume of Excavated Material
Over view
U Turn
The monitoring is carried out to control amount of excavated material using the automatic 3D-laser
scanning equipment which enables to monitor continuously & accurately.
This monitoring makes it possible to prevent the ground settlement due to excessive excavation.
www.dage.co.kr
SHIELD TBM
Quality Control
Cutter Head Design to Layer Type
Automatic Guidance System
Soil Layer
Site office
Delete
Cutter bit
Shell bit
Opening ratio of head is high.
10
Use of Automated System
11
It is possible to excavate with scraper & cutter bit without roller cutter.
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Installation of total station in tunnel.
More frequent checks with the alignment.
Real time monitoring in computerized display.
Rock Layer
Accurate alignment of tunnel drive.
Roller cutter
In TBM
In TBM
Total Station
(Transit Point)
Back RMT
(Back Sight)
Roller cutter is mainly used to excavate.
Scraper helps to push the excavated material into the chamber.
Sudden change of strata can cause side wear of roller cutter.
www.dage.co.kr
SHIELD TBM
Segment
Segment Types
Segment Bolts
Curved bolt
Straight bolt
12
13
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Segment (first lining) is
Box type bolt
Based on shape
Standard shape
With Taper
For curved sections
For alignment control
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Based on Key Segment
Installed by pushing upward
Suitable for shield TBM of small diameter
Installed by sliding from side
Suitable for shield TBM of large diameter
Soft fix type
Quick joint type
SHIELD TBM
Segment
Main Projects
Segment Production
Singapore DTSS-Kim Chuan Link Sewer
Drop Shaft C
Upper Paya Leber/PIE Interchange
LEGEND
MH-C1-1
(Receiving)
KIM CHUAN LINK SEWERS
Paya Lebar MRT
DTSS TUNNEL
MH-C1-3
(Launching)
EXCAVATION DIRECTION
EXISTING PUMPING STATION
TEMPORARY SHAFT
MH-C1-4
MH-C1-5
Fabricate rebar
Install rebar in mould
MH-C1-6
TANJONG RHU P.S.
Curing in water
MH-C1-10
MH-C1-12
MH-C1-9
MH-C1-8
MH-C1-7
(Receiving)
15
Fort Rd
MH-C1-13
(Launching)
Construction Period : 2002/5~2005/5
Shield Diameter
: 3,260mm
Tunnel Length
: 5,200m
Shield TBM Type : EPB
Highlights
www.dage.co.kr
Remove mould &
trim surface
Ringwood Rd
RINGWOOD P.S.
MH-C1-14
ECP
Casting
MH-C1-10a
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
MH-C1-15
(Receiving)
d
-12
-C1
MH
14
e
-12
-C1
MH
-11
-C1
a
MH
-12
-C1
MH
b
-12
-C1 c
MH
-12
-C1
MH
Tanjong Rhu Rd
: First oversea shield project, in Dongah
Visual inspection
SHIELD TBM
Main Projects
Incheon Airport Rail Road Project Phase 2-5B
Seoul Subway Line 9 Section No. 9
PARLIAMENT
REC. SHAFT
L=1,195m
914 STATION
Phase 2-5B
L=612m
Susaek
Seoul
Hangdae
16
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Kimpo
GongDuk
Construction Period : 2004/4~2009/12
Shield Diameter
: 7,930mm
Tunnel Length
: 984m
Construction Period : 2003/09~2009/08
Shield Diameter
: 7,810mm
Tunnel Length
: 3,600m
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
www.dage.co.kr
17
915STATION
: EPB
: Shield skin gauge and monitoring volume of excavation
: Slurry
: Very close drive to bridge piers (As close to 50cm)
SHIELD TBM
Main Projects
Seoul Subway Section 704
Start
Geoyeo Garak Power Cable Tunnel
End
Tunnel
18
19
Construction Period : 2004/4~2009/5
Shield Diameter
: 4,550mm
Tunnel Length
: 2,459m
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
www.dage.co.kr
: EPB
: Use of foam and shell bit
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Construction Period : 2004/12~2011/3
Shield Diameter
: 7,300mm
Tunnel Length
: Up-bound 510m, Downward 694m
: EPB
: Open mode double shield
SHIELD TBM
Main Projects
Busan Nambu Interception Sewer Phase 01
Gas Pipeline Across Masan Bay
Rec. Shaft
Launch Shaft
Steel / Mould Segments
20
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
: EPB(Mix soil condition)
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
: Slurry
: First slurry drive using steel segments in korea
: First shield tunnel in Dongah
Section Along Tunnel Alignment
Rec. Shaft
Launch Shaft
Sea
Marine Clay
Weathered Rock
Soft Rock
Hard Rock
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SHIELD TBM
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Construction Period : 1991/11~1997/3
Shield Diameter
: 3,550mm
Tunnel Length
: 5,903m
21
Construction Period : 1997/11~01/02
Shield Diameter
: 2,300mm
Tunnel Length
: 1,354m
Main Projects
Gas Pipeline Across Keum River
Noksan Discharge Sewer
Weathered Rock
Tunnel Alignment
22
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
23
500.0
450.0
400.0
350.0
300.0
Construction Period : 1999/12~2002/08
Shield Diameter
: 3,520mm
Tunnel Length
: 1,587m
250.0
: Slurry
200.0
150.0
: First tunnel under river
100.0
50.0
in Korea(1.5dia)
0.0
00-01
00-02
00-03
00-04
00-05
Shield TBM Type
Highlights
Monthly Productivity
: Slurry
: Special shaft with D/W and
hybird face(soft & rock)
Section Along Tunnel Alignment
Rec. Shaft
Section Along Tunnel Alignment
Launch Shaft
Rec. Shaft
Launch Shaft
Sea
1.5D
Silt Clay
Sandy Silt
Silt Clay
Silt Sand
Weathered Rock
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Soft Rock
Hard Rock
SHIELD TBM
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Construction Period : 1998/12~00/12
Shield Diameter
: 3,500mm
Tunnel Length
: 1,112m
Track Record
TBM Owned
Overseas
Name of project
Down Town Line
Contract 937
Korea
Country
Singapore
Client
Land
Transport
Authority
Contract
Period
2012.07
2015.03
Detail of work
Tunnel
Length (m)
2,450
Tunnel
/ID(mm)
ID(mm)
5,800
Geological
Features
FCBB
Manufacture
ROBBINS
Remark
EPB
Name of main
contractor
Contract
Period
GE3 Project Submarine Tunnel(Shield)
for Supplying Steam
Gunjang energy
SK E&C
eTEC E&C
2012.05~2014.01
3,000
3,236
Soft Rock Hard Rock
RASA
Slurry
Yulchon II Combined Cycle Power Plant
Meiya Yulchon Generation
HYUNDAI E&C
2012.04~2014.06
1,560
3,800
Soil
KAWASAKI
EPB
Olympic Dual Water Line Construction
The Office of WaterworksSeoul
Metropolitan Government
CHUNHO E&C
2011.12~2014.04
1,426
2,200
Soft Rock Hard Rock
RASA
Slurry
SMIH
POSCO E&C
2011.10~2015.12
2,544
6,880
Soft Rock Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Busan Water Authority
Ultra C&E
2011.08~2012.12
410
3,050
Soft Rock Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
TBM
KEPCO
KUKDONG
E&C
2010.12~2011.12
1,155
2,900
Soft Rock Hard Rock
RASA
Slurry
Seoul Subway Line 9 Section No.21
Seawater Desalination R&D Facility Construction
Busan~Yeongdo area Electric
Power Transmission Line
STEP Deep Tunnel
Sewer Contract T-01
24
Down Town Line
Contract 913
DTSS Kimchuan Link
Sewer C01
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore
ADSSC
Land
Transport
Authority
Land
Transport
Authority
PUB
2012.03
2013.12
16,019
4,500
Gymsum,
Mud Stone, Silt
Stone
Seoul Subway Line 9 Section No.20 Phase 3
KAWASAKI
EPB
2009.12
2015.07
2002.05
2005.09
2,475
4,330
5,200
5,800
5,800
2,500
Rock & Mixed
Soil
Rock & Mixed
Soil
Soil
KAWASAKI
KAWASAKI
LOVAT
Slurry
Slurry
EPB
SMIH
LOTTE E&C
2010.07~2015.12
1,868
6,940
Mixed Face
KAWASAKI
EPB
SAMHO
2010.01~2011.05
1,259
3,000
Weathered Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Dobong District Electricity Power Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Daelim Industry Co
2009.06~2010.09
2,700
3,000
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Kangnam Di s t r ic t Elec t r i c i tyTransmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
SK E&C
2008.10~2014.02
3,289
3,000
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Korea Telecom
Kukdong E&C
2008.05~2009.09
1,278
2,200
Soft Rock, Weatered Rock KAWASAKI
Slurry
Donggu District Electricity Power Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Hyundai E&C
2007.12~2009.12
2,072
2,850
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
New Sungnam 345KV Electric Power Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Samho Co
2007.11~2010.08
2,297
3,800
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Gunsan Combined Power Plant Intake Tunnel Project
Korea Western Power Co
Samsung E&C
2007.10~2008.12
1,270
3,800
Soil
KAWASAKI
EPB
Seoul Subway Line 7 Section 4
SEOUL Metropolitan City
Samsung E&C
2006.04~2011.03
1,204
6,530
Weathered Soil
HITACHI
EPB
Geyeo Cable~Garak Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Daewoo E&C
2004.12~2009.12
2,455
3,800
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Incheon Airport Railroad Phase 2
Airport Railroad Co
Shamhwan Co
2004.06~2008.08
1,935
6,880
Soft Rock, Hard Rock, Weatered Rock KAWASAKI
Seoul Subway Line 9 Section No.9
Public Procurement Service
Doosan Inc
2003.09~2007.02
3,634
6,750
Mixed Face
KAWASAKI
Slurry
Noksan Sewerage Treatment Plant Discharge Sewer Project
PUSAN Metropolitan City
Ssangyong Co
2004.07~2005.06
693
3,000
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
New Ansan Substation Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
J.R E&C
2003.04~2004.09
858
2,850
Soft Rock, Moderated Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Korea Telecom Co.
Kukdong E&C
2002.04.~2004.09
1,910
2,200
Mixed Face
RASA
Slurry
Singapore Public Utility Board Tiongseng /Dong-A JV 2002.05~2005.05
Across Han River Telecommunication Line Project
DTSS-Kim Chuan Link Sewer Project
EPB
5,200
2,500
Marine Clay
LOVAT
EPB
Daelim Substation Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
J.R E&C
2002.02~2003.12
2,672
2,850
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Siheung Doksan Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
SK E&C
2001.06~2003.12
2,746
2,850
Soft Rock, Hard Rock
LOVAT
EPB
Noksan Discharge Sewer Project
PUSAN Metropolitan City
Ssangyong Co
2000.04~2002.08
1,587
3,000
Soil, Hard Rock
RASA
Slurry
West Daejeon Telecom Office Telecommunication Line
Korea Telecom Co.
Jinro E&C
1999.05~2001.12
818
2,750
Weathered Rock
LOVAT
EPB
North Suwon Telecom Office Telecommunication Line Project
EPB
Korea Telecom Co.
Samho Co
1998-11.2000.10
921
2,750
Weathered Rock
LOVAT
Across Keum River Gas Pipe Line Project
Korea Gas Co.
Hyundai E&C
1998.11~2000.10
1,113
3,050
Soil
RASA
EPB
Across Masan Bay Gas Pipe Line Project
Korea Gas Co.
Korea Heavy Industry Co 1998.10~2000.11
1,354
1,850
Soft Rock
KAWASAKI
Slurry
Masan City 154KV Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Korea Heavy Industry Co
1995.4~1999.11
2,330
2,850
Mixed Face
Herenknecht
Slurry
Pusan Nambu Sewerage Treatment Plant Discharge Sewer Project
PUSAN Metropolitan City
Backil E&C
1996.09~1997.08
490
2,600
Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Eumgung 154KV Electricity Transmission Line Project
Korea Electric Power Co.
Kukje E&C
1996.07~1998.12
706
3,800
Clay, Sand
KAWASAKI
EPB
Korea Telecom Co.
Kukje E&C
1998.03~1996.11
874
2,750
Mixed Face
LOVAT
EPB
PUSAN Metropolitan City
Daewoo E&C
1991.12~1997.03
5,903
3,050
Clay, Hard Rock
KAWASAKI
EPB
Ansan City Telecom Office Telecommunication Line Project
Pusan Nambu Sewerage Treatment Plant Link Sewer Project
www.dage.co.kr
Remark
KEPCO
Kwangjin Jungnang area Electric Power Transmission Line
Youngdong~Yangjae Telecommunication Line Project
2010.02
2013.04
Manufacture
SHIELD TBM
25
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Down Town Line
Contract 915
Abu Dhabi
Details of work
Geological
Tunnel Tunnel
Length (m) /ID(mm)
Features
Name of client
Name of project
TBM Owned
Excavation Diameter
D 4,340mm
Excavation Diameter
D 7,810mm
Manufacturer
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Manufacturer
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Type of TBM
EPB
Type of TBM SLURRY
Length of Shield
6,065mm
Length of Shield 10,300mm
Strata Type
Soil, Weathered Rock & Soft Rock
Strata Type
Mixed Soil(Sand, Aggregate, Rock)
rpm, Max. Thrust
1.32 rpm , 2,000 ton
rpm, Max. Thrust
3 rpm , 5,600 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
150 R
Minimum Curvature achieved
500 R
Excavation Diameter
D 3,520mm
Manufacturer
RASA (Japan)
Type of TBM SLURRY
Length of Shield 7,510mm
26
Excavation Diameter
D 7,913mm
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Strata Type
Soil, Weathered Rock & Soft, Hard Rock
Manufacturer
rpm, Max. Thrust
4 rpm , 960 ton
Type of TBM EPB
Minimum Curvature achieved
150 R
Length of Shield 8,800mm
Excavation Diameter
D 2,750mm
Manufacturer
RASA (Japan)
Strata Type
Completely Weathered Rock, Slightly weathered rock & Rock (Hard &soft)
rpm, Max. Thrust
3 rpm , 5,600 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
500 R
27
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
DONGAH GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO.,LTD
Type of TBM SLURRY
Length of Shield 10,130mm
Strata Type
Soil, Weathered Rock, Soft, Hard Rock
rpm, Max. Thrust
9.8 rpm , 1,200 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
300 R
Excavation Diameter
D 3,550mm
Manufacturer
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Type of TBM
EPB (Double)
Length of Shield 10,300mm
Strata Type Rock
www.dage.co.kr
rpm, Max. Thrust
7.6 rpm , 800 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
150 R
Excavation Diameter
D 4,550mm
Manufacturer
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Type of TBM
EPB (Double)
Length of Shield 11,100mm
Strata Type Rock
rpm, Max. Thrust
7 rpm, 1,524 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
300 R
Excavation Diameter
D 7,420mm
Excavation Diameter
D 3,600mm
Manufacturer
NKK (Japan)
Manufacturer
KAWASAKI (Japan)
Type of TBM EPB
Type of TBM
EPB
Length of Shield 8,330mm
Length of Shield
6,065mm
Strata Type
Completely Weathered Rock & Slightly weathered rock
Strata Type
Soil & Weathered Rock & Soft Rock
rpm, Max. Thrust
2.5 rpm , 5,040 ton
rpm, Max. Thrust
9 rpm, 980 ton
Minimum Curvature achieved
200 R
Minimum Curvature achieved
80 R
SHIELD TBM
