IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact Factor: 1.479)
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Enhancement of Power Quality with Single Phase
Hybrid Series Active Power Filter by Using Fuzzy Logic
Controller
Naveen Kumar P1, G.Indira Kishore2, TSLV. Ayya Rao3
1
2,3
PG student, EEE Dept, G.M.R Institute of Technology,
Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Asst Professor, EEE Dept, G.M.R Institute of Technology,
Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, India
there is not enough reactive power, the voltage sags
ABSTRACT
This paper describes different power quality
problems in distribution systems. And solution with
hybrid
filter configuration to suppress harmonic
current distortion in the source current. This Hybrid
down and it is not possible to push the power
demanded by loads through the lines. Though
reactive power is needed to run many electrical
filter is controlled by using the Mamdani inference
devices, it can cause harmful effects on electrical
method of Fuzzy Controller. This HSAPF are described
appliances. So the reactive power compensation is
showing
and
very important in electrical power system. So, power
principles of operation. The system is modeled by using
quality become important in the power system. In the
MATLAB/SIMULINK software and performance is
mid-1940s, passive power filters (PPFs) have been
observed.
widely used to suppress current harmonics and
their
compensation
characteristics
Keywords: Active Power Filter, Instantaneous Reactive
Power Control Algorithm, Power quality enhancement.
compensate reactive power in distribution power
systems.
This technique is simple and
1. Introduction
less
expensive. But it has many drawbacks such as
there is no isolation b/w input and output, These
In todays environment, electronic loads
circuits cannot provide any gain. Circuit becomes
are very sensitive to harmonics, sags, swells and
bulky if inductors are used. In this frequency
other disturbances. Among these parameters, current
response is not sharp as no sudden change in the
harmonics have become a growing power quality
output when switching from pass band to stop
concern. One more power quality issue is reactive
band. Source loading can take place. As a
power compensation. Reactive power is required to
better option of complete
maintain the voltage to deliver active power. When
distortions, active
currents
power
and
compensation of
filters[2,
3] have
been researched and developed. Active filters
harmonic
reactive
power
overcome drawbacks of passive filter by using
compensation simultaneously by suitable control
the switched mode power converter to perform
techniques to generate a compensating current in
complete harmonic current elimination. Shunt
equal and opposite direction so that
active power filters are developed to suppress the
current becomes harmonic free
source
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact Factor: 1.479)
www.ijreat.org
Figure 1 shows the configuration of the
However, Construction cost of Active
Power filter is too high. To avoid this limitation,
hybrid filter topologies have been developed.
Using low cost passive filters with the active filter,
the power rating of active converter is reduced
compared with that of pure active filters. This
hybrid filter retains the advantages of active
filters and passive filters. Also hybrid filters are
cost effective and become more practical in
industry applications [5-9].
The active filters can be classified into
pure active filters and hybrid active filters in
terms of their circuit configuration. Most pure
active filters as their power circuit can use either a
voltage-source pulse width-modulated (PWM)
converter equipped with a dc capacitor or a
current-source PWM converter equipped with a
dc inductor. At present, the
voltage source
converter is more favorable than the currentsource one in terms of cost, physical size, and
single
or
Hybrid
active
multiple
and, its parameters are given in Table I. The
HSAF consists of a series active filter and two
parallel single tuned passive filters in series with
the active filter. Two passive filters are tuned in
dominants harmonic frequencies of 3rd and 5th.
The effectiveness of the
harmonic
elimination
proposed method in
and
reactive
power
compensation is shown using HSAF for a
nonlinear load. In the following sections, the
2. Harmonic Elimination Using a Hybrid
Series Active Filter (HSAF)
efficiency.
HSAF and nonlinear load proposed in this paper
filters
consist
voltage-source
of
PWM
converters and passive components such as
control method, the design process and simulation
results are given.
3. Compensation Strategy
One of the key points for proper
implementation of an APF is to use a reliable
method for current/voltage reference generation.
Currently, there is a large variety of practical
implementation supported by different theories
(either in time or frequency domain). The control
method should extract the harmonic components
with minimum phase shift and
attenuate the
fundamental component. In this paper discrete
Fourier transformation (DFT) is used to extract
the source current harmonics with assuming N
samples in a cycle, as:
capacitors, inductors, and/or resistors. The hybrid
filters are more attractive in harmonic filtering than
the
pure
filters
from
both
viability
and
(1)
(2)
X =
x e
economical points of view, particularly for highpower applications. However, single-phase active
filters would attract much less attention than
X = X e
three-phase active filters because single phase
versions are limited to low-power applications
except for electric traction or rolling stock [17].
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept,
Aug
2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact
Impact Factor: 1.479)
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terminal voltage is added to reference voltage in
order to control the dc link voltage capacitor.
Fig1 .Block diagram of the whole
system
Figure 3:: Block Diagram of Hybrid
Series Active Filter
4. Frequency
Characteristics
of
the
System
The
he voltage source harmonics are modeled
Fig.2 Control diagram of the system with
by Vsh, and itis in series with the Thevenin
constant delay
impedance (Zs) of the power system. Also, nonlinear
where (1) is DFT and (2) is inverse DFT. After
extracting
the
fundamental
component,
it
is
subtracted from source current to extract harmonic
load is a diode rectifier by a resistive capacitive load
on its output. This load has usually a voltage source
characteristic because an inductor is on rectifier
input, and this makes it as a current source type load
components as:
characteristic. The load is modeled by harmonic
voltage VLhv in series with inductor LAC. The series
=
Figure3.
( 3 )
shows the Block diagram of
hybrid series active filter. A method was proposed
by Akagi [17] to control the dc voltage capacitor.
Based on this method, if active filter is along the
passive filter, an extra voltage reference should
be added to q component. As seen in this figure,
active filter behaves as a damping resistor which can
eliminate resonance between the parallel passive
filter and the source impedance. It also prevents
preven
flowing of harmonic currents to the power source by
presenting zero impedance at the fundamental
frequency and a high resistance K at the power
source or load harmonics.
a component with 90 degree lead the load
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept,
Aug
2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact
Impact Factor: 1.479)
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functions. The membership functions should be
chosen such that they cover the whole universe of
discourse. It should be taken care that the
membership functions overlap each other. This is
done in order to avoid any kind of discontinuity with
respect to the minor changes in the inputs. To achieve
finer control, the membership functions near the zero
region should be made narrow. Wider membership
functions away from the zero region provides faster
faste
response to the system. Hence, the membership
functions should be adjusted accordingly. After the
Fig.4.. Harmonic equivalent circuit of single
phase system
base should be created. It consists of a number of
So, the series active filter can be modeled by
a resistor, K, and its output reference voltage as:
af
appropriate membership functions are chosen, a rule
= Ki
(4)
sh
Fuzzy If-Then rules that completely define the
behavior of the system. These rules very much
resemble the human thought process, thereby
providing artificial intelligence to the system. The
the harmonic current of the power source is
internal structure of the fuzzy
zy controller is shown in
calculated as:
Fig. 5. The error e and change of error Ce are used
I sh =
pf
Zs + Z
pf
+ K
I lh +
(5)
V sh
Z s + Z pf + K
numerical
cal variables from the real system. To convert
these numerical variables into linguistic variables, the
following seven fuzzy levels or sets are chosen as:
Where Zs and Zpf are power source and
passive filter equivalent impedance, respectively
NB (negative big), NM (negative medium), NS
(negative small), ZE (zero), PS (positive small), PM
(positive
sitive medium), and PB (positive big) and
4.1. Basic Fuzzy
Algorithm
presented
in
input
and
output
normalized
In a fuzzy logic controller, the control action is
membership functions (Figs. 6 and 7). The fuzzy
determined from the evaluation of a
a set of simple
controller is characterized as follows: (i) Seven fizzy
linguistic rules. The development of the rules
sets for each input and output. (ii) Triangular
requires a thorough understanding of the process to
membership
be controlled, but it does not require a mathematical
Fuzzification using continuous universe of discourse.
model of the system. The design of a fuzzy logic
(iv)Implication using Mamdanis
Mamdan
'min' operator.
controller requires the choice of membership
(v)Defiizzification using the 'centroid' method.
functions
for
simplicity.
(iii)
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact Factor: 1.479)
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Figure 5: Internal Structure of Fuzzy controller.
Figure 6: Input normalized membership function.
Figure 7: Output normalized membership function.
section through simulation. A HSAF with the
4.2. Rule Base
The elements of this rule base table are
process presented above is simulated in
determined based on the theory that in the transient
MATLAB. As per recommended value of
state, large errors need coarse control, which requires
THD as per IEEE 519-1992[21] and IE
coarse input/output variables; in the steady state,
C61000[22] is 5%. To decrease value of the
small errors need fine control, which requires fine
THD of Is, Hybrid filter is employed with the
input/output variables. Based on this the elements of
dc capacitor voltage of 84V. The THD of the
the rule table are obtained as shown in TableI.
power
source
current
(Is)
is
2.2%.
Corresponding Simulated results shown in
5.
Simulation Results:
below figures.
Harmonic elimination and reactive power
compensation by HSAF is shown in this
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact Factor: 1.479)
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Fig 7. Simulated waveforms of HSAPF
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6. CONCLUSION
[8]
M. K. Ghartemani, M. R. Iravani., A
digitally
nonlinear adaptive filter for online signal analysis
controlled HSAF for harmonic elimination
in power system, IEEE Trans Power Del., vol.
This
paper
presents
fully
and reactive power compensation in a single
phase
system with a control method for
series active filter by using fuzzy logic. This
17,pp.617-622, no.2, Apr. 2002.
[9]
L. Zhou and Z. Li., A novel active power
filter based on the least compensation current
control method , IEEE Trans Power Ele.,
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M. Welsh, P.Mehta, and M.K. Darwish,
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IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, Aug-Sept, 2014
ISSN: 2320 8791 (Impact Factor: 1.479)
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