Training Module - 29
HELICOPTER FIRE FIGHTING & CRASH RESCUE
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
CAP 437 - CAA GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
PREVENTION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION, AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ON OFFSHORE
INSTALLATIONS (PFEER) REGULATIONS
A GUIDE TO THE OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS
AND PIPELINE WORKS (Management and Administration)
REGULATIONS 1995 (MAR)
UKOOA MANAGEMENT OF COMPETENCE AND
TRAINING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS AND PIPELINE WORKS
WORKS (Management and Administration) - 1995
The Duty Holder shall ensure that:
a competent person is appointed to be in control of helideck
operations on the offshore installation is present on the
installation.
Such person is in control throughout such operations; and
such procedures are established, and plant provided, as will
secure, so far as in reasonably practicable, that helideck
operations, including the landing and take off of helicopters
are without risk to health and safety.
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas
The helideck is to be provided with the following minimum
quantities of rescue equipment.
Adjustable wrench
Rescue Axe, large (non wedge or aircraft type)
Cutters, bolt
Crowbar, large
Hook, grab or salving
Hacksaw, heavy duty c/w 6 spare hacksaw blades
Blanket, fire resistant
Two piece short extension ladder (7.5ft extending to 13ft)
Lifeline and rescue harness
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas
Pliers, side cutting
Set of assorted screwdrivers
Harness knife c/w sheath*
Gloves, fire resistant*
Self contained breathing apparatus
Power cutting tools (if applicable)
Portable safety lamp, 3hrs efficient operating capacity
*This equipment to be provided for each member of
the helideck crew.
CRASH RESCUE EQUIPMENT
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
This equipment
is contained in
a Crash Rescue
Equipment Box
and should only
be used for aircraft
emergencies.
CRASH RESCUE EQUIPMENT
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
This equipment
is contained in
a Crash Rescue
Equipment Box
and should only
be used for aircraft
emergencies
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter Landing
Areas
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Dry Powder or CO2 (minimum amounts) 45kg
.
THE REGULATIONS
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter
Landing Areas
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
The fire extinguishers should be sited at
the principal access points to the
helicopter landing area in order to be
readily available at all times.
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
THE REGULATIONS
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter
Landing Areas
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The fire extinguishers should be sited at the
principal access points to the helicopter landing
area in order to be readily available at all times.
THE REGULATIONS
VANTAGE
CAP 437 - CAA Offshore Helicopter
Landing Areas
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
.
Dry powder should be of the foam
compatible type.
Exceeding expectations
FIRE FIGHTING PHILOSOPHY
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Speed of action is vital if success in rescue of
persons coupled with rapid extinguishment of fire is
to be achieved.
Action taken within the first one or two minutes
will dictate the course of events
FIRE FIGHTING PHILOSOPHY
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Time limitations therefore set the pattern for the type
of manpower to be used, ruling out in the majority
of cases, the use of mobilised fire teams in mounting
the first attack.
FIRE FIGHTING PHILOSOPHY
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
This limitation of manpower more than any
other factor determines the philosophy in the use
of equipment and method of attack followed.
AVIATION FUEL
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Aviation Turbine Engine Fuel (AVTUR)
commonly known as JET A1 has a
flash point of approximately 400C.
AVIATION FUEL
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The kerosene grades of fuel will not form ignitable
mixtures at normal temperatures and pressures.
AVIATION FUEL
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
BUT IT SHOULD BE REMEMBERED that
kerosene fuel in the form of a SPRAY OR
WHEN HEATED is much more READILY
IGNITED than when in bulk, and in a crash
it may be sprayed onto THE HOT ENGINE
PARTS OR EXHAUST DUCTS.
AVIATION FUEL
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Aviation fuel develops intense heat
when burning.
HELICOPTER CRASHES
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The most significant difference between a
helicopter and other aircraft is that it has no wings.
This means that its engines and fuel tanks must be
immediately adjacent to the cabin. It also means
that in the event of a crash:
A helicopter is less likely to remain upright
HELICOPTER CRASHES
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
It is easier to run handlines around a helicopter,
and therefore there is considerably less sheltered
ground between the airframe
HELICOPTER CRASHES
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The shorter throw of secondary fire fighting agents
is less disadvantageous and their rapid effect may be
of critical value.
HELICOPTER CRASH FIRE FIGHTING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Whatever agents are available should be
discharged at high output rates to suppress
flames as quickly as possible.
HELICOPTER CRASH FIRE FIGHTING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Fire crews with branches or applicators should
approach the helicopter pressing into very close
quarters as quickly as the situation allows.
HELICOPTER CRASH FIRE FIGHTING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Suppress flames surrounding cabin area.
Dry powder or CO2 may be more effective than
foam against internal fires
DO NOT USE IF PASSENGERS ARE INSIDE
AIRCRAFT. IN THIS CASE USE WATER
SPRAY
HELICOPTER CRASH FIRE FIGHTING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
REMEMBER: IF A FIRE IS NOT
BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL IN THE
FIRST 90 SECONDS THEN THERE IS A
STRONG POSSIBILITY OF LOSS OF
LIFE
HELICOPTER CRASH FIRE FIGHTING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Any fixed equipment situated on the helideck must be
considered for use, bearing in mind however, that
fixed foam/water monitors are more or less effective
depending on the wind conditions, whereas, hand
lines offer flexibility and maneuverability.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRE/CRASH CREW
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES
OF THE FIRE/CRASH CREW
IS TO SAVE LIFE WITHOUT
ENDANGERING THEIR OWN
OBJECTIVES OF FIRE/CRASH CREW
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The flight deck on most helicopters is surrounded by
large perspex panels which may have to be broken to
gain access.
If this is necessary, spray the panels with CO2 from
extinguisher (this will make the panel brittle) and then
tap sharply with a firemans axe.
EVACUATION
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
In some cases it would be wrong to try to rescue
passengers/aircrew as the fire would be too big. In
this case, the alternative is to make a breathable
atmosphere for trapped personnel by reducing the
fire around the cockpit/fuselage before attempting a
rescue.
EVACUATION
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
The relative infrequency of helicopter accidents
make it difficult for individuals to accumulate
wide experience in actual operations and:
GREAT EMPHASIS MUST BE
PLACED ON TRAINING
GENERAL POINTS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
It is possible to stop the engines by spraying water
into the engine air intakes.
Although the engines have stopped, the rotor blades
will continue to rotate for a short time.
GENERAL POINTS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Keep low and well clear of the Rear Rotor
GENERAL POINTS
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Gain entry to flight deck and close down engines by
cutting off fuel and electrics.
Fuel: Pull both T Bars/Shut down fuel
Electrics: Battery Master Switch
cocks
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Firemen are trained never to enter a hazardous
situation without first donning the proper clothing.
For example, a firemans tunic is designed to
withstand extremes of heat and cold and yet be light
enough in weight to give the wearer maximum
mobility at all times
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
NEVER ENTER A FIRE SITUATION UNLESS
PROPERLY DRESSED.
THE FIREFIGHTER MUST, BEFORE
ATTEMPTING TO DEAL WITH THE FIRE LEARN TO APPRECIATE THE DANGERS FROM
HEAT AND FLAME.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
THIS TYPE OF
SUIT IS NOT
RECOMMENDED
FOR OFFSHORE
USE
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
THIS IS THE
RECOMMENDED
TYPE OF SUIT
FOR OFFSHORE
HELIDECK
OPERATIONS
STATIC ELECTRICITY
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Before a static spark can cause ignition, it must contain
sufficient energy. However, it is obviously wise to
avoid all electrical sparks in the vicinity of petroleum.
PROPER BONDING AND HANDLING OF FUEL DURING
REFUELLING WILL ENSURE THAT ACCIDENTS
DO NOT HAPPEN
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
C a b in E m e r g e n c y E x it s
Cockpit
Door
Cockpit
Door
Emergency Exit
Window
Emergency Exit
Door
L i f e r a fts
Emergency Exit
Window
Passenger Access
(Emergency Exit Door)
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
Helicopter Types
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
VANTAGE
Exceeding expectations
LOW IMPACT CRASH
Normally only occurs from either the hover or
during landing or take off or when air taxing
Hovers then loses height rapidly
Undercarriage fails and helicopter topples
Rotors strike and ricochet anywhere in a
3600 arc
