June 4, 2017 Ronald M. Powell, Ph.D.

ANNOTATED REFERENCES ON WIRELESS DEVICES AND HEALTH

Reviews of the International Biomedical Research Literature

The international biomedical research community has conducted thousands of studies seeking to identify the
biological effects of exposure to both low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, extending into
the microwave region. So many serious biological effects have been found from such fields, at levels earlier
thought to be low enough to be safe, that immediate action is needed to alert and protect the public.

One of the most recent reviews of the international biomedical research literature was prepared by the
European Academy of Environmental Medicine (EUROPAEM) which included U.S. participation. This 35-page
review was published in 2016 and references 308 biomedical research publications. This document
summarizes the broad range of biological effects produced by various types of electromagnetic fields, including
radiofrequency radiation. This document also provides precautionary guidance values for avoiding
overexposure; diagnostic tests for individuals suspected of overexposure; and guidance on remediation and
treatment for those individuals.

Igor Belyaev, Amy Dean, Horst Eger, Gerhard Hubmann, Reinhold Jandrisovits, Markus
Kern, Michael Kundi, Hanns Moshammer, Piero Lercher, Kurt Mller, Gerd Oberfeld,
Peter Ohnsorge, Peter Pelzmann, Claus Scheingraber and Roby Thill, EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016
for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses, Reviews of
Environmental Health 2016, Vol. 31, No. 3, pages 363-397.
https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/reveh.2016.31.issue-3/reveh-2016-0011/reveh-2016-
0011.pdf

The most massive review of this biomedical literature is the BioInitiative 2012 Report which considered about
1800 biomedical research publications, most issued in the previous five years. The 1479-page BioInitiative
2012 Report was prepared by an international body of 29 experts, heavy in Ph.D.s and M.D.s, from 10
countries, including the USA which contributed the most experts (10). The review concludes that The
continued rollout of wireless technologies and devices puts global public health at risk from unrestricted
wireless commerce unless new, and far lower exposure limits and strong precautionary warnings for their use
are implemented.

BioInitiative Working Group, Cindy Sage, M.A. and David O. Carpenter, M.D., Editors, BioInitiative
Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation,
December 31, 2012.
http://www.bioinitiative.org

A group of six doctors in Oregon, led by Paul Dart, M.D., released, in June 2013, a review of 279 biomedical
research publications. This 74-page review makes the health case against cell phones, base stations, Wi-Fi,
Smart Meters and other RF [radiofrequency] or ELF [extremely low frequency] -emitting devices. The review
notes that The current levels of exposure need to be reduced rather than increased further. The FCC [Federal
Communications Commission] must especially protect vulnerable groups in the population including children
and teenagers, pregnant women, men of reproductive age, individuals with compromised immune systems,
seniors, and workers. This review is posted on the website of the FCC.

Page 1 of 5
 Biological and Health Effects of Microwave Radio Frequency Transmissions, A Review of the Research
Literature, A Report to the Staff and Directors of the Eugene Water and Electric Board, June 4, 2013.
https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/7520940898.pdf

Michael Bevington, in 2013, published a book that summarizes the findings of 1828 international biomedical
research publications. This 112-page book describes the symptoms caused by exposure to electromagnetic
radiation, the many diseases associated with such exposure, and the relative risk levels associated with specific
sources of electromagnetic radiation. The citations of papers include the PMID index numbers for easy
location on the PubMed.gov website of the National Institutes of Health. This website provides the largest
index to the biomedical research literature in the world.

Electromagnetic Sensitivity and Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: A Summary by Michael Bevington

NEW EDITION: March 2013.
http://www.es-uk.info/15-home/32-electromagnetic-sensitivity-and-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity-
a-summary-by-michael-bevington-new-edition-march-2013.html

Statements from Major Scientific and Medical Organizations

As of January 29, 2017, 224 scientists from 41 nations have signed an international appeal, first submitted to
the United Nations and the World Health Organization in May 2015. These scientists seek to protect the public
from harm from the radiation produced by many wireless sources, including "cellular and cordless phones and
their base stations, Wi-Fi, broadcast antennas, smart meters, and baby monitors" among others. Together,
these scientists have published over 2000 peer-reviewed research papers on this subject.

https://www.emfscientist.org/

The International Agency for Research on Cancer, of the World Health Organization, has already classified
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as a Class 2B carcinogen ("possible carcinogen"), based primarily on the
increased risk of brain cancer. That decision was made in 2011. Since then, the research supporting a higher
classification of risk ("probable carcinogen", or even "known carcinogen") has continued to build.

http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf

The American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), which trains physicians in preparation for Board
Certification in Environmental Medicine, states: The AAEM strongly supports the use of wired Internet
connections, and encourages avoidance of radiofrequency such as from WiFi, cellular and mobile phones and
towers, and smart meters. AAEM further states that "The peer reviewed, scientific literature demonstrates
the correlation between RF [radiofrequency] exposure and neurological, cardiac, and pulmonary disease as well
as reproductive and developmental disorders, immune dysfunction, cancer and other health conditions. The
evidence is irrefutable." The AAEM concludes: To install WiFi in schools plus public spaces risks a widespread
public health hazard that the medical system is not yet prepared to address.

AAEM, Wireless Radiofrequency Radiation in Schools, November 14, 2013.

http://www.aaemonline.org/pdf/WiredSchools.pdf

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), whose 60,000 doctors care for our children, supports the
development of more restrictive standards for radiofrequency radiation exposure that would better protect
the public, particularly the children. The AAP, in a letter to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), dated August 29, 2013, states that Children are not little adults and

Page 2 of 5
are disproportionately impacted by all environmental exposures, including cell phone radiation. Current FCC
standards do not account for the unique vulnerability and use patterns specific to pregnant women and
children. It is essential that any new standard for cell phones or other wireless devices be based on protecting
the youngest and most vulnerable populations to ensure they are safeguarded throughout their lifetimes.

http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view?id=7520941318

The Role of the U.S. Government and the State Governments

The U.S. Government bears a major responsibility for the exponential growth in the levels of radiation from
wireless devices in the environment. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed, and the President signed, the
Telecommunications Act of 1996. Under pressure from the cell phone industries, this law included this
provision: No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction,
and modification of personal wireless service facilities [cell towers] on the basis of the environmental effects of
radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the [Federal Communications]
Commission's regulations concerning such emissions. Because the Federal Communications Commissions
regulations on radiation exposure are so permissive, this provision has been used to prevent state and local
governments from protecting their people from radiation from cell towers, based on health concerns.

Telecommunications Act of 1996.

https://transition.fcc.gov/Reports/tcom1996.pdf

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has acted in partnership with the wireless industries by
permitting wireless radiation levels far higher than the biomedical research literature indicates are necessary
to protect human health. The success of the wireless industries in capturing the FCC, the committees in the
U.S. Congress that oversee the FCC, and the Executive Branch is detailed in a monograph from the Center for
Ethics at Harvard University. As an example of that capture, President Obama appointed, as head of the FCC,
the former head of the CTIA The Wireless Association, which is the major lobbying organization for the
wireless industry. This is the infamous "revolving door".

Norm Alster, Captured Agency: How the Federal Communications Commission is Dominated by the
Industries It Presumably Regulates (2015).
http://ethics.harvard.edu/news/new-e-books-edmond-j-safra-research-lab

Further, the U.S. Governments American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009 provided funding that was
used to motivate the installation of wireless smart meters (also called the Advanced Metering Infrastructure
or AMI) by offering cost sharing, in the form of grants, to the utilities that would adopt such meters.

https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/smart_grid_investment_grant_program.html

Many states then extended the impact of the above Act by mandating the acceptance of wireless smart meters
by the public. These meters contain microwave transmitters/receivers and are placed either on, or inside,
every home and many businesses. A California court-ordered document indicates that each smart meter
broadcasts bursts of radiation, on average about 10,000 times per day and up to a maximum of about 190,000
times per day. Such bursts flood neighborhoods with radiation, day and night, throughout the year.

http://emfsafetynetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PGERFDataOpt-outalternatives_11-1-11-
3pm.pdf

Page 3 of 5
Informative Web Sites on Wireless Devices and Health

Increasingly, the public is becoming aware of the threat that wireless radiation poses to health. The initial
opposition focuses primarily on mandated sources of exposure, especially when the individuals exposed
include the unborn and young children as they are among the most vulnerable. Thus, the strongest initial
opposition is surfacing for cell towers, especially on school grounds; for Wi-Fi in schools and colleges; and for
wireless smart meters placed on, or inside, homes and businesses. Most states now have opposition groups,
and some states have even 10 or 20 such groups. These groups are pursuing relief through state regulatory
bodies, through state legislatures, and through the courts. Below is a sampling of the hundreds of U.S.
websites that reflect the nature and scope of the opposition to the unbridled expansion of wireless technology.
Such websites seek to educate the public and decision-makers, and thus to promote responsive action, based
on the underlying science.

Environmental Health Trust

http://ehtrust.org/

The BabySafe Project

http://www.babysafeproject.org/the-science/

National Association for Children and Safe Technology

http://www.nacst.org/

Smart Grid Awareness: a Website by SkyVision Solutions, Consumer Protection Advocate

http://smartgridawareness.org

We are the Evidence: Individuals tell their personal stories of how they became harmed by
radiofrequency radiation, in the hope of alerting others to the risks.
https://wearetheevidence.org/

Testimonials by Electrosensitive Individuals

https://wearetheevidence.org/adults-who-developed-electro-sensitivity/

Testimonials by School Personnel

https://wearetheevidence.org/school-personnel/

Testimonials by Children
https://wearetheevidence.org/children-testimonials/

Annotated List of Videos

There are hundreds of videos on the Internet that address the impact of wireless radiation on health. Just a
small number of these are listed below. An Internet search will surface many more.

(1) An introduction to the health risks posed by Wi-Fi in schools

Wi-Fi in Schools, the Facts (September 9, 2013) (18 minutes)

Produced by Wi-Fi in Schools Australia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQryZbxlqXI&feature=youtu.be

Page 4 of 5
(2) Wide ranging overview of the impact of electromagnetic radiation on human health, particularly at
microwave frequencies, with a special emphasis on children and the school environment

Electromagnetic Radiation Health for Children 2014 (70 minutes)

Presented by Dr. Erica Mallery-Blythe, a UK physician.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNFdZVeXw7M

(3) Documentary on the wireless industrys efforts to suppress public awareness of the health effects of
wireless radiation

Microwaves, Science & Lies (2014) (90 minutes)

Produced by Jean Heches and Nancy de Meritens of France.
https://vimeo.com/ondemand/17755/89417454

(4) Video testimony of individuals harmed by the radiation from wireless devices

Cell Phones Cause Cancer (October 17, 2012) (9 minutes).

Presented by Jimmy Gonzalez, Esq.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIlOVJd0lA8

Woman suffers acute radiation exposure from a bank of smart meters (January 21, 2015) (3 minutes).
Produced by Maryland Smart Meter Awareness.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9QZuWPw6Y0&feature=youtu.be

Man experiences adverse health effects from exposure to a smart meter (March 7, 2013) (3 minutes).
Presented by Garic Schoen of Gaithersburg, MD.
Produced by Maryland Smart Meter Awareness.
http://marylandsmartmeterawareness.org/smart-meter-news/maryland-ms-resident-testimony-to-
economic-matters-committee-re-hb1038-on-march-14-2013/

Individuals with high sensitivity to the radiation from wireless devices search for increasingly rare safe
electromagnetic environments.
Searching for a Golden Cage (May 8, 2014) (13 minutes)
Produced by Nadav Neuhaus.
http://time.com/golden-cage/

Page 5 of 5