geographical Cambridge

names Advanced Learner's

[EH30]Dictionary, 3rd edition

Geographical names
This list shows the spellings and pronunciations for the names of countries, regions,
continents, seas and oceans. Each name is followed by the adjective that you use when talking
about the noun (e.g. Belgium is a country in Europe; Belgian chocolate comes from Belgium).
Usually, the word for a person from a particular country is a noun that is exactly the same as the
adjective (so someone from Belgium is a Belgian). If the word for a person is different from the
adjective, it is shown in the list below after the adjective (e.g. Finland, Finnish, Finn).
To talk about more than one person from a country, just add s (e.g. one Belgian, two
Belgians), except for :
words ending in ese or s these stay the same (e.g. Chinese, Swiss)
words ending in man or woman these change to men or women (e.g. one
Irishman, two Irishmen).
Not all of these words are names of countries. Some of them are continents or regions. If a name
is included or not included here, that does not necessarily mean that it is or is not an official
country. The list also includes some old names of countries, because you may still find these
names when you are reading.

Name Adjective Person

(if different from adj)
Afghanistan /fgn..stn/ Afghan /f.gn/
Africa /f.r.k/ African /f.r.kn/
Albania /lbe.ni./ Albanian /lbe.ni.n/
Algeria /ld.ri./ US /-dr.i-/ Algerian /ld.ri.n/ US /-dr.i-/
Central America /sen.trl.mer..k/ Central American /sen.trl.mer..kn/
North America /n.mer..k/ North American /n.mer..kn/
South America /sa.mer..k/ South American /sa mer..kn/
Andorra /nd.r/ Andorran /nd.rn/
Angola /g.l/ US /-go-/ Angolan /g.ln/ US /-go-/
Antarctica /ntk.t.k/ US /-trk-/ Antarctic /ntk.tk/ US /-trk-/ (not applicable)
Antigua and Barbuda Antiguan /nti.gn/
/nti.g[r].n.bbju.d/ US /-bu-/
The Arctic /i k.tk/ US /-rk-/ Arctic /k.tk/ US /rk-/ (not applicable)
Argentina /.dnti.n/ US /r-/ Argentinian /.dntn.i.n/ US /r-/
Argentine /.dn.tan/ US /r-/
Armenia /mi.ni./ US /r-/ Armenian /mi.ni.n/ US /r-/
Asia /e./ Asian /e.n/
The Atlantic /i.tln.tk/ US /-k/ Atlantic /tln.tk/ US /-k/ (not applicable)
Australasia /s.trle./ US /.str-/ Australasian /s.trle.n/ US /.str-/
Australia /stre.li./ US /strel.j/ Australian /stre.li.n/ US /strel.jn/
Austria /s.tri./ US /.stri-/ Austrian /s.tri.n/ US /.stri-/
Azerbaijan /z..badn/ US /.z-/ Azerbaijani /z..bad.ni/ Azeri /ze.ri/ US
US /.z-/ /-zer.i/

The Bahamas /.bh.mz/ Bahamian /bhe.mi.n/
Bahrain /bren/ Bahraini /bre.ni/
The Balkans /bl.knz/ US /-bl-/ Balkan /bl.kn/ US /bl-/ (not applicable)
The Baltic /bl.tk/ US /-bl-/ Baltic /bl.tk/ US /bl-/ (not applicable)
Bangladesh /b.glde/ Bangladeshi /b.glde.i/
Barbados /bbe.ds/ US /brbe.dos/ Barbadian /bbe.di.n/ US /br-

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 Belarus /bel.rus/ Belorussian /bel.ru.n/
Belgium /bel.dm/ Belgian /bel.dn/
Belize /bliz/ Belizean /bli.zi.n/
Benin /benin/ Beninese /ben.niz/
Bermuda /bmju.d/ US /b-/ Bermudan /bmju.dn/ US /b-/
Bhutan /butn/ Bhutanese /bu.tniz/
Bolivia /blv.i./ Bolivian /blv.i.n/
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian /bz.ni.n/ US /bz-/
/bz.ni..an.ht.sgv..n/
US /bz.ni..an.hert.sgovi.n/

Botswana /btsw.n/ US /bt-/ Botswanan /btsw.nn/ US /bt-/ singular =Motswana

/mtsw.n/
plural = Batswana
/btsw.n/
Brazil /brzl/ Brazilian /brzl.i.n/
Brunei /bruna/ Bruneian /bruna.n/
Bulgaria /blge.ri./ US /-ger.i-/ Bulgarian /blge.ri.n/ US /-ger.i-/
Burkina Faso /bki.nfs./ US Burkinabe /bki.nbe/ US /b-/
/bki.nf.so/
Burma /b.m/ US /b-/ see also Burmese /bmiz/ US /b-/
Myanmar /mjn.mr/
Burundi /brn.di/ Burundi /brn.di/ Burundian
/brn.di.n/
Cambodia /kmb.di./ US /-bo- Cambodian /kmb.di.n/ US /-bo-/
Cameroon /km.run/ Cameroonian /km.ru.ni.n/
Canada /kn..d/ Canadian /kne.di.n/
Cape Verde /kepvd/ US /-vd/ Cape Verdean /kepv.di.n/ US /-v.di-/
The Caribbean /kr.bi.n/ Caribbean /kr.bi.n/ (not applicable)
US /ker.bi-/ US /ker.bi-/

The Cayman Islands Cayman /ke.mn/ Cayman Islander

/ke.mna.lndz/ /ke.mna.ln.dr/
The Central African Republic Central African /sen.trlf.r.kn/
/sen.trlf.r.kn.rpb.lk/
Chad /td/ Chadian /td.i.n/
Chile /tl.i/ Chilean /tl.i.n/
China /ta.n/ Chinese /taniz/
Colombia /klm.bi./ Colombian /klm.bi.n/
Comoros /km..rz/ US /k.m.roz Comoran /km.rn/ US /k.m-/
The Democratic Republic of Congolese /k.gliz/
the Congo
/dem..krt.k rpb.lk.v.k.g/
US /-kr.k rpb.lk.v.k.go/
The Republic of the Congo Congolese /k.gliz/
/rpb.lk.v.k.g/ US /-go/
Costa Rica /ks.tri.k/ US /k.st-/ Costa Rican /ks.tri.kn/ US /k.st-/
Cte d'Ivoire /kt.divw/ US Ivorian /av.ri.n/
/kot.divwr/
Croatia /kre./ US /kro-/ Croatian /kre.n/ US /kro-/ Croat /kr.t/
US /kro-/
Cuba /kju.b/ Cuban /kju.bn/
Cyprus /sa.prs/ Cypriot /sp.ri.t/
The Czech Republic /tek.rpb.lk/ Czech /tek/
Denmark /den.mk/ US /-mrk/ Danish /de.n/ Dane /den/
Djibouti /dbu.ti/ US /-i/ Djiboutian /dbu.ti.n/ US /-i-/
Dominica /dmn..k/ /dmn.-/ US Dominican /dm.ni.kn/ US /dm-/
/d.mni-/ /dmn.-/
The Dominican Republic Dominican /dmn..kn/
/.dmn..kn. rpb.lk/
East Timor /istti.mr/ US /-mr/ East Timorese /ist.ti.mriz/ US /-miz/
Ecuador /ek.w.dr/ US /-dr/ Ecuadorian /ek.wd.ri.n/
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 geographical names [EH32]
Egypt /i.dpt/ Egyptian /dp.n/
El Salvador /elsl.v.dr/ US /-dr/ Salvadoran /sl.vd.rn/
England /.glnd/ English /.gl/ Englishman
/.gl.mn/
Englishwoman
/.glwm.n/
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinean /ek.w.t.ri.l gn.i.n/
/ek.w.t.ri.l gn.i/ US /-tr.i-/
Eritrea /er.tre./ US /-tri-/ Eritrean /er.tre.n/ US /-tri-/
Estonia /est.ni./ US /-to-/ Estonian /est.ni.n/ US /-to-/
Ethiopia /i.i.pi./ US /-o-/ Ethiopian /i.i.pi.n/ US /-o-/
Europe /j.rp/ US /j-/ European /j.rpi.n/ US /jr.-/
Fiji /fi.di/ Fijian /fdi.n/
Finland /fn.lnd/ Finnish /fn./ Finn /fn/
France /frnts/ US /frnts/ French /frent/ Frenchman
/frent.mn/
Frenchwoman
/frentwm.n/
Gabon /gbn/ US /-on/ Gabonese /gb.niz/
The Gambia /gm.bi./ Gambian /gm.bi.n/
Georgia /d.d/ US /dr-/ Georgian /d.dn/ US /dr-/
Germany /d.m.ni/ US /d-/ German /d.mn/ US /d-/
Ghana /g.n/ Ghanaian /gne.n/
Gibraltar /dbrl.tr/ US /-brl.t/ Gibraltarian /db.rlte.ri.n/ US /-rlter.i-/
Greece /gris/ Greek /grik/
Greenland /grin.lnd/ Greenlandic /grinln.dk/ Greenlander
/grin.ln.dr/ US /-d/
Grenada /grne.d/ Grenadian /grne.di.n/
Guatemala /gw.tm.l/ US /--/ Guatemalan /gw.tm.ln/ US /--/
Guinea /gn.i/ Guinean /gn.i.n/
Guinea-Bissau /gn.i.bsa/ Guinea-Bissauan /gn.i.bsa.n/
Guyana /gan./ Guyanese /ga.niz/
Haiti /he.ti/ US /-i/ Haitian /he.n/
Holland /hl.nd/ US /h.lnd/ Dutch /dt/ Dutchman
/dt.mn/
Dutchwoman
/dtwm.n/
Honduras /hndj.rs/ US /hndr.s/ Honduran /hndj.rn/ US /hndr.n/
Hong Kong /hk/ US /hk/ Hong Kong /hk/ US /hk/
Hungary /h.g.ri/ Hungarian /hge.ri.n/ US /-ger.i-/
Iceland /as.lnd/ Icelandic /asln.dk/ Icelander
/a.sln.dr/ US /-/
India /n.di./ Indian /n.di.n/
The Indian Ocean /in.di.n.n/ (not applicable)
Indonesia /n.dni./ Indonesian /n.dni.n/
Iran /rn//-rn/ Iranian /re.ni.n/
Iraq /rk//-rk/ Iraqi /rk.i//-rk-/
Ireland /a.lnd/ US /ar-/ Irish /a.r/ US /a-/ Irishman
/a.r.mn/ US /a-/
Irishwoman
/a.rwm.n/ US
/a-/
Israel /z.rel/ US /z.ri.l/ Israeli /zre.li/
Italy /t..li/ US /-/ Italian /tl.jn//-i.n/
Ivory Coast /a.v.rikst/ US /-kost/ Ivorian /av.ri.n/
Jamaica /dme.k/ Jamaican /dme.kn/
Japan /dpn/ Japanese /dp.niz/
Jordan /d.dn/ US /dr-/ Jordanian /dde.ni.n/ US /dr-/
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 [EH33] geographical names
Kazakhstan /kz.kstn/ US /kzk-/ Kazakh /kz.k/ US /kzk/
Kenya /ken.j / /ki.n-/ Kenyan /ken.jn/
Kiribati /kr.bs/ Kiribati /kr.bs/
North Korea /n.kri./ US /nr-/ North Korean /n.kri.n/ US /nr-/
South Korea /sa.kri./ South Korean /sa.kri.n/
Kuwait /kjuwet/ US /ku-/ Kuwaiti /kjuwe.ti/ US /kuwe.i/
Kyrgyzstan /k.gstn/ US /k-/ Kyrgyz /k.gz/ US /k-/
Laos /las/ Laotian /la.n/
Latvia /lt.vi./ Latvian /lt.vi.n/
Lebanon /leb..nn/ Lebanese /leb.niz/
Lesotho /lsu.tu/ Sotho /su.tu/ (singular noun)
Mosotho /msu.tu/
(plural noun)
Basotho /bsu.tu/
The Levant /.lvnt/ Levantine /lev.n.tan/
Liberia /lab.ri./ US /-br.i-/ Liberian /lab.ri.n/ US /-br.i-/
Libya /lb.i./ Libyan /lb.i.n/
Liechtenstein /lk.tn.stan/ Liechtenstein /lk.tn.stan/ Liechtensteiner
/lk.tn.sta.nr/ US /-n/
Lithuania /l.jue.ni./ US /-u-/ Lithuanian /l.jue.ni.n/ US /-u-/
Luxembourg /lk.sm.bg/ US /-bg/ Luxembourg /lk.sm.bg/ US /-bg/ Luxemburger
/lk.sm.b.gr/ US
/-b.g/
Macedonia /ms.d.ni./ US /-do-/ Macedonian /ms.d.ni.n/ US /-do-/
Madagascar /md.gs.kr/ US /-k/ Malagasy /ml.gs.i/
Malawi /ml.wi/ Malawian /ml.wi.n/
Malaysia /mle.zi./ US /-/ Malaysian /mle.zi.n/ US /-n/
The Maldives /ml.divz/ US Maldivian /mldv.i.n/ US /mlda.vi-/
/-ml.davz/
Mali /m.li/ Malian /m.li.n/
Malta /ml.t/ US /ml-/ Maltese /mltiz/ US /ml-/
The Marshall Islands Marshallese /m.liz/ US /mr-/ Marshall Islander
/m.la.lndz/ US /-mr-/ /m.la.ln.dr/
US /mr.la.ln.d/
Mauritania /mr.te.ni./ US /mr-/ Mauritanian /mr.te.ni.n/ US /mr-/
Mauritius /mr.s/ US /mr.s/ Mauritian /mr.n/ US /mr-/
The Mediterranean /med..tre.ni.n/ Mediterranean /med..tre.ni.n/ (not applicable)
Melanesia /mel.ni.zi./ US /-/ Melanesian /mel.ni.zi.n/ US /-n/
Mexico /mek.s.k/ US /-ko/ Mexican /mek.s.kn/
Micronesia /ma.krni.zi./ Micronesian
US /-kroni./ /ma.krni.zi.n/ US /-kroni.n/
Moldova /mld.v/ US /mldo-/ Moldovan /mld.vn/ US /mldo-/
Monaco /mn..k/ US /mn.ko/ Mongasque /mn.gsk/ US /m.ne-/
Mongolia /mg.li./ US /mgo-/ Mongolian /mg.li.n/ US /mgo-/
Montenegro /mntnigr/ Montenegrin /mntni;grn/
Montserrat /mnt.srt/ US /mnt-/ Montserratian /mnt.srt.i.n/ US /mnt-/
Morocco /mrk./ US /-r.ko/ Moroccan /mrk.n/ US /-r-/
Mozambique /m.zmbik/ US /mo-/ Mozambican /m.zmbi.kn/ US /mo-/
Myanmar /mjn.mr/ US /mjnmr/ Burmese /bmiz/ US /b-/
Namibia /nmb.i./ Namibian /nmb.i.n/
Nauru /nu.ru/ Nauruan /nu.ru.n/
Nepal /npl/ US /-pl/ Nepalese /nep.liz/
The Netherlands /ne..lndz/ US Dutch /dt/ Dutchman
/--/ /dt.mn/
Dutchwoman
/dtwm.n/
New Zealand /njuzi.lnd/ US /nu-/ New Zealand /njuzi.lnd/ US /nu-/ New Zealander
/njuzi.ln.dr/
US /nuzi.ln.d/
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 geographical names [EH34]
Nicaragua /nk.rg.ju./ US /-rg.w/ Nicaraguan /nk.rg.ju.n/ US /-rg.wn/
Niger /nier/ US /na.d/ Nigerien /nie.ri.n/ US /na.der.i-/
Nigeria /nad.ri./ US /-dr.i-/ Nigerian /nad.ri.n/ US /-dr.i-/
Norway /n.we/ US /nr-/ Norwegian /nwi.dn/ US /nr-/
Oman /mn/ US /o-/ Omani /m.ni/ US /o-/
The Pacific /.psf.k/ Pacific /psf.k/ (not applicable)
Pacific Rim /psf.krm/ (not applicable)
Pakistan /p.kstn/ US /pk..stn/ Pakistani /p.kst.ni/ US /pk..stni/
Palestine /pl..stan/ Palestinian /pl.stn.i.n/
Panama /pn..m/ Panamanian /pn.me.ni.n/
Papua New Guinea /pp.u..njugn.i/ Papua New Guinean
US /-nu-/ /pp.u..njugn.i.n/ US /-nu-/
Paraguay /pr..gwa/ Paraguayan /pr.gwa.n/
Persia /p./ US /p-/ Persian /p.n/ US /p-/
Peru /pru/ Peruvian /pru.vi.n/
The Philippines /fl..pinz/ Philippine /fl..pin/ Filipino /fl.pi.n/
US /-no/
Poland /p.lnd/ US /po-/ Polish /p.l/ US /po-/ Pole /pl/ US /pol/
Polynesia /pl.ni./ US /p.l-/ Polynesian /pl.ni.n/ US /p.l-/
Portugal /p.t.gl/ US /pr-/ Portuguese /p.tgiz/ US /pr-/
Puerto Rico /pw.tri.k/ US Puerto Rican /pw.tri.kn/ US /pwer.-/
/pwer.ri.ko/
Qatar /kt.r/ US /ktr/ Qatari /kt.ri/ US /kt.ri/
Quebec /kwbek/ Quebecois /ke.bekw/
Romania /rme.ni./ US /ro-/ Romanian /rme.ni.n/ US /ro-/
Russia /r./ Russian /r.n/
Rwanda /run.d/ US /-n-/ Rwandan /run.dn/ US /-n-/
Samoa /sm./ US /-mo-/ Samoan /sm.n/ US /-mo-/
San Marino /sn.mri.n/ US /-no/ Sanmarinese /sn.mr.niz/
So Tom and Principe Sao Tomean /sa.tme.n/
/sa.tme.nprn.s.pe/
Saudi Arabia /sa.di re.bi./ Saudi /sa.di/
Scandinavia /skn.dne.vi./ Scandinavian /skn.dne.vi.n/
Scotland /skt.lnd/ US /skt-/ Scottish /skt./ US /sk./ Scot /'skt/ US /skt/
Scotsman
/skt.smn/
US /skt-/
Scotswoman
/sktswm.n/
US /skts-/
Senegal /sen.gl/ US /sen..gl/ Senegalese /sen..gliz/
Serbia /sbi/ Serbia /sbin/
The Seychelles /.seelz/ Seychelles /seelz/ Seychellois
/se.elw/
Siberia /sab.ri./ US /-br.i-/ Siberian /sab.ri.n/ US /-br.i-/
Sierra Leone /sier..lin/ US /-on/ Sierra Leonean /sier..li.ni.n/ US /-on-/

Singapore /s.pr/ US /s..pr/ Singaporean /s.p.ri.n/ US /s..pr-/

Slovakia /slvk.i./ US /slo-/ Slovak /sl.vk/ US /slo-/
Slovenia /slvi.ni./ US /slo-/ Slovenian /slvi.ni.n/ US /slo-/ Slovene /sl.vin/
US /slo-/
The Solomon Islands Solomon Islander /sl..mna.ln.dr/
/sl..mna.lndz/ US /-s.l-/ US /s.l.mna.ln.d/
Somalia /sm.li./ Somali /sm.li/
South Africa /saf.r.k/ South African /saf.r.kn/
Spain /spen/ Spanish /spn./ Spaniard /spn.jd/
US /-jd/

Sri Lanka /sril.k/ Sri Lankan /sril.kn/

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 [EH35] geographical names
St Kitts and Nevis /sntkts.nni.vs / Kittsian /kt.si.n/
US /sent-/
St Lucia /sntlu./ US /sent-/ St Lucian /sntlu.n/ US /sent-/
St Vincent and the Grenadines Vincentian /vnsn.ti.n/
/sntvnt.snt.n.gren.dinz/
US /sentvnt-/
Sudan /sudn/ US /-dn/ Sudanese /su.dniz/
Suriname /s.rnm/ US /sr.nm/ Surinamese /s.r.nmiz/
US /sr..nmiz/
Swaziland /sw.zi.lnd/ Swazi /sw.zi/
Sweden /swi.dn/ Swedish /swi.d/ Swede /swid/
Switzerland /swt.s.lnd/ US /-s-/ Swiss /sws/
Syria /sr.i./ Syrian /sr.i.n/
Tahiti /thi.ti/ US /-i/ Tahitian /thi.n/
Taiwan /tawn/ Taiwanese /ta.wniz/
Tajikistan /tdi.kstn/ Tajik /tdik/
Tanzania /tn.zni./ Tanzanian /tn.zni.n/
Thailand /ta.lnd/ Thai /ta/
Tibet /tbet/ Tibetan /tbet.n/
Togo /t.g/ US /to.go/ Togolese /t.gliz/ US /to.go-/
Tonga /t.g/ US /t-/ Tongan /t.gn/ US /t-/
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidadian /trn.dd.i.n/
/trn..dd.n.tbe.g/ US /-go-/
Tunisia /tjunz.i./ US /tuni./ Tunisian /tjun.zi.n/ US /tunin/
Turkey /t.ki/ US /t-/ Turkish /t.k/ US /t-/ Turk /tk/ US /tk/
Turkmenistan /tkmen.stn/ Turkmen /tk.men/ US /tk-/
US /tkmen..stn/
Tuvalu /tuv.lu/ Tuvaluan /tu.vlu.n/
Uganda /jugn.d/ Ugandan /jugn.dn/
Ukraine /jukren/ Ukrainian /jukre.ni.n/
The United Arab Emirates Emirian /emr.i.n/
/.juna.tdr.bem..rts/ US /-na.d-/
The United Kingdom British /brt./ US /br/ Briton /brt.n/
/.juna.tdk.dm/ US /-na.d-/
The United States of America American /mer..kn/
/.juna.tdstets.v.mer..k/
US /-na.d-/
Uruguay /j.r.gwa/ US /jr.-/ Uruguayan /j.rgwa.n/ US /jr.-/
Uzbekistan /zbek.stn/ Uzbek /z.bek/
Vanuatu /vn.u.tu/ Vanuatuan /vn.u.tu.n/
Vatican City /vt..knst.i/ Vatican /vt..kn/ US /v-/ (not applicable)
US /v..kns-/
Venezuela /ven.zwe.l/ Venezuelan /ven.zwe.ln/
Vietnam /vjetnm/ Vietnamese /vjet.nmiz/
Wales /welz/ Welsh /wel/ Welshman
/wel.mn/
Welshwoman
/welwm.n/
Western Sahara /wes.tn.sh.r/ Sahrawian /sr.wi.n/
US /-tn.sher./
Yemen /jem.n/ Yemeni /jem..ni/
Yugoslavia /ju.gsl.vi./ US /-go-/ Yugoslav /ju.g.slv/ US /-go-/
Zaire /zar/ US /-r/ Zairean /za.ri.n/ US /-r.i-/
Zambia /zm.bi./ Zambian /zm.bi.n/
Zimbabwe /zmbb.we/ Zimbabwean /zmbb.wi.n/

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