I.

INTRODUCTION

1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Arts. 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino

NCC 1 - 18

A. When law takes effect

NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2

Taada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27

Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Commissioner v Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
Acaac v Azcuna, Jr., G.R. No. 187378, SEP 30, 2013

B. Ignorance of the law

NCC 3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285

C. Retroactivity of laws

NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256

Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011

Francisco vs. CA , G.R. No. 102330. November 25, 1998
CF: Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001
David v Agbay, G.R. No. 199113 March 18, 2015

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws

NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

Nerwin v PNOC, G.R. No. 167057, April 11, 2012
E. Waiver of rights

NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035

DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

Aujero V PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Dona Adela v Tidcorp, G.R. No. 201931, February 11, 2015

F. Repeal of laws

NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254

Thornton vs. Thornton, Aug. 16, 2004

Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, February 28, 2012
Yinlu Bicol v Trans-Asia, G.R. No. 207942, Jan. 12 2015
G. Stare Decisis

NCC 8

Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001

De Castro v JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010
Virtucio v Alegarbes, G.R. No. 187451, August 29, 2012
Republic v Rehman Enterprises, GR 199310, Feb.19, 2014

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC 9, 10
RPC 5
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
Alonzo v Padua, 150 SCRA 379
Barcellano v Barza, GR 165287, September 14, 2011

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom

NCC 11 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79

Tomawis v Balindong, G.R. No. 182434, March 5, 2010 (en banc)

J. Legal periods

NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31

Internal Revenue v Primetown, GR 162155, August 28, 2007

Comr. v Aichi Forging, G.R. No. 184823, October 6, 2010

K. Applicability of Penal Laws

NCC 14, 17(3), RPC Art. 2

L. Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26

Tenchavez v. Escao 15 SCRA 355

Board of Commissioners vs. de la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853
ATCI Overseas Corp vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, Oct. 11, 2010

NCC 16

Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358

Del Socorro v Van Wilsem, GR 193707, Dec. 10, 2014

NCC 17

Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008

NCC 18
Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave vs Republic, GR 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Villagracia v Sharia, GR 188832, April 23, 2014
III. PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a person and personality

NCC 37 - 39

Classes of persons and their distinctions

Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons

(a) Birth

NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC 164, 2nd par. , FC 180
RPC Arts. 256 - 259

Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801

Quimiging v. Icao 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia 58 Phil 866
Continental Steel v. Montano, GR 182836, October 13, 2009

(b) Death

NCC 42

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776

Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
Valino v Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

NCC 43
 ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on
Evidence)

Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257

2. Juridical Persons

NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768

C. Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, Art. 37 NCC

Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Restrictions on capacity to act

NCC 38 - 39, cf. NCC 1327

(a) Minority

1. Age of majority, R.A. 6809, FC 234, 236, 221, 225

2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf.
Sangguniang Kabataan]
4. Marriage, FC 5; 14, 45 (1); 35 (1); cf. R.A. 6809; FC 79
5. Contracts

NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1), 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397, 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427

Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215

Bambalan v. Maramba 51 Phil 417
Suan Chian v. Alcantara 85 Phil 669
 Braganza v. Villa-Abrille 105 Phil 456

6. Criminal liability

RPC 12 (2) - (3);

RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189 204
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
Juvenile Justice Law, Secs 6 and 7

Atizado vs People, GR No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity

1. Marriage, FC 45 (2), Art. 79

2. Contracts, NCC 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability,

RPC 12 (1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court

US v. Vaguilar, 27 Phil 88
People v. Rafanan 204 SCRA 65
Standard Oil v. Arenas, GR No. L-5921, July 25, 1911

(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820

(d) Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC 34, 41
(f) Family Relations

FC 150-151; cf. FC 87, 37, 38

NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. XII, Secs. 11, 1987 Constitution

Cordora vs COMELEC, February 19, 2009

Reyes v COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
 David v Agbay, G.R. No. 199113 March 18, 2015

(h) Absence, NCC 381 396, FC 41

Olaguer v Purugganan, GR 158907, February 12,

2007

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC 1381, 1491, 2236,

2237

Umale v ASB Realty, GR 181126, June 15, 2011

(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

(k) Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC 45(5), 45(6), 46, NCC

820

Heirs Of Favis, Sr. v Gonzales, et al., GR. No. 185922, Jan.

15 2014

D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51

2. Natural persons

NCC 50
FC 69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300

Jalosjos v COMELEC, GR 191970, April 24, 2012
SEE ALSO FOR REFERENCE: Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-
Llamanzares vs. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 221697 & 221698-
700. April 5, 2016

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE START HERE

Legarda, Mawis and Vargas, Family Law in the Philippines.

 A. Effect and Retroactivity

E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 6809, R.A. 7610

FC 256, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257

Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32

Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010

B. Repeal/Amendment

FC 254, 255

V. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN

SPOUSES

A. The concept of marriage

FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149

Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
Obergefell Et Al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department Of
Health, Et Al. Supreme Court Of The United States, Nos. 14556, 14-
562, 14-571 and 14574
(http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-556_3204.pdf)

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law

FC 1
cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence,
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14

Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252

Sermonia v Republic, 233 SCRA 155
Perido v Perido, 63 SCRA 97
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
De Santis v Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010
Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015
 Calimag v Heirs of Macapaz, GR No. 191936, June 1, 2016

C. Agreements during and prior to marriage

1. Stipulations in marriage

FC 1 cf. NCC 221, FC 75

Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011

2. Breach of promise to marry

NCC 19 - 21; NCC 1403 (2) (c); MC 22

Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337

1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance

FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 35, 36, 37, 38; FC 45 cf.

NCC 53
RPC 350; Rep. Act No. 1065
De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1

2. Essential requisites

(a) Legal Capacity

(i) Gender, FC 2 ( 1) cf. FC 148

Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007

(ii). Age
 FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21
NCC 54 & 80 (1)
RPC 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35

Garcia vs. Recio, 365 SCRA 437

Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346
SCRA 327)
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Avenido v Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, Jan 22 2014

(iv). Parental consent

FC 14; FC 15; FC 45 (1)

(v) Consent freely given by both spouses

(a). Mistake as to identity,

FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)

(b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2)

(c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC

1338 1344

Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970

(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue

influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335
1337

Villanueva vs CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence,

FC 45 (5)
 Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 27
Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October
13, 2009

(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46

(3)

5. Formal Requisites

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257

Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13,
2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Villarica v Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10

2. Requirements for issuance

a. application, FC 11
b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84

cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)

DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)

Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11,

2010

c. parental advice, FC 15
d. marriage counseling, FC 16
e. publication, FC 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC 18
g. payment of fees, FC 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965

3. Place where valid, FC 20

 4. Period of validity, FC 20

De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13,

2008

5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25

Republic v CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994

Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

6. Marriages exempt from license requirement

FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083

Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Republic vs Dayot, March 28, 2008

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized

FC 7, 10, 31 & 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code),
Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii)

Beso v Daguman, 323 SCRA 566 (2000)

2. How authorized

FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96

Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659

OCA vs. Tormis, A.C. No. 9920, August 30, 2016

3. Effect of absence of authority

FC 4; FC 35 (2)
 RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360
Ronulo vs People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014

4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. Form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8

Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731

COMPARE TO: Morigo v People, G.R. No. 145226.
February 06, 2004

2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22, 23

Madridejo v. De Leon 55 Phil 1

People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106

E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad

1. General rule in contracts

(a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2)

(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3)

2. Special rule in marriage

(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10

Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786

Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5,
2005
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
 (b) Exceptions

FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)

F. Common-law marriages/ live-in relationships

FC 147, cf. RPC 350

FC 148 (adulterous)
Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf.
NCC 220
FC 26 par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)

Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135

Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990
Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages

General rule, FC 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

(a) Absence of formal requisites

FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809

Alcantara v Alcantara, GR NO. 1677446, Aug. 18,
2007
So v Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13,
2008
Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30,
2013
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,

 Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)

FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44, RPC 344, 349

Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6

Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572
Cario vs. Cario 351 SCRA 127
Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of
Justice Carpio)
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Teves v People, GR 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Montanez vs Cipriano, GR 181089, October 22, 2012
See: Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30,
2013
Capili v People, GR 183805, July 3, 2013
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
People v Odtuhan, GR 191566, July 17, 2013
Lasanas vs People, GR 159031, June 23, 2014
SSS v Azote, G.R. No. 209741, April 15, 2015
Santiago vs. Phils, G.R. No. 200233, JULY 15, 2015

(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent

spouse

FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391.

Jones v. Hortiguela 64 Phil 179

Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido vs. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
SSS vs Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Republic v Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013
Republic v Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015
Republic v Villanueva, G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015
Republic vs. Sareogon, G.R. No. 199194, Feb. 10, 2016
Republic v Tampus, GR 214243, March 16, 2016
 Procedure
Republic v Granada, GR No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44. Other effects of

bad faith: 43, 40, 45, 81, 86

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36

FC 36, 39, 68-71

R.A. 8533

Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13,
1997
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76,
December 08, 1999
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
RP vs. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20,
2004
Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005
Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123,
February 6, 2007
Almelor vs RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26,
2008
Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009
Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Halili v Halili, GR 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for
Recon)
Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August
18, 2010
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, January 14, 2015
Vinas v Vinas, G. R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015
Mallilin v Jamesolamin, G.R. No. 192718, 18 Feb.
2015
 Republic vs. Romero, February 24, 2016
Castillo vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 189607, Apr. 18, 2016
Castillo v Republic, G.R. No. 214064. Feb. 6, 2017
Del Rosario vs. Del Rosario, GR 222541, Feb 15,
2017
De la Fuente v De la Fuente, G.R. No. 188400, March
8, 2017

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)

RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC 35 (2), 53, 52. 102, 129

Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
NOTE: FC 147 and 148

2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40

Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6,
2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614,
September 28, 2007
Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256

FC 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

 a. Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b)
above
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48

Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285

Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
Yuk Ling Ong vs CA, G.R. No. 206653, 25 Feb. 2015

c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the OSG

Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12,

2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

5. Other Matters

Chan v Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July, 14, 2013

6. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity -

Art. 49, 198

7. Effects of res judicata

Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336

8. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general, FC 50-54, but see FC 147-148; 198,

213

Villarica v Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015

 (b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41

(c) On rights & obligations between the former

spouses, FC Arts. 68-72

(d) On the property regime of the marriage, FC 147-

148

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20,
2014

(e) On legitimes of the common children

FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel. to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC 147

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213, 164,

165, NCC 369

Mendez vs. Sharia District Court, G.R. No. 201614,

January 12, 2016

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369, FC 176

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B. M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights of the former spouses, FC 43 (5), 50

(i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

Domingo vs. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20,
2016
 Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5,
2017

H. Voidable Marriages

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45

Ninal v Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778. March 14, 2000

2. Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent,

FC 4, 5, 14, 45(1), 47(1), 35 (1), cf R.A. 6809, FC

234, 236

Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F.Supp. 623 (1981), 669 F.2d 67

(1982)

(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149

Katipunan v Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

(c) Fraud

FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)

Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

126010. December 8, 1999

NCC 1338-1344

Buccat v. Buccat 72 Phil 49

Aquino v. Delizo 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97
Almelor vs. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45(4), 47(4)
 NCC 1335-1337

Ruiz v Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 (1941)

Villanueva v CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e) Physical incapacity/impotence

FC 45(5), 47(5)

Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 273

Sarao v Guevara, 1940, 40 OG 11 Supp 263
Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR 174451, October 13, 2009

(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3),

47(5), 47 (3)

(g) Others

Republic v Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16,

2013

3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47, Sec. 3, AM No. 02-11-10-SC,

March 4, 2003

4. When to seek annulment. FC 47, NCC 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment

FC Art. 48, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Barcelona vs. CA, G. R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003

6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment

FC 49, 198, 213

A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 44, 86 (3), 99, 102, 129

(a) In general

Chan-Tan v Chan, G.R. No. 167139, February 25, 2010

 (b) On remarriage, FC Art. 40
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, 68,
98
(d) On the property regime of the marriage

FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129, 138, 106

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31,
2005 Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(e) On presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC 50-53, 43 (2),and (5), FC 51 in rel to NCC 886,

888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5) and (6), 129 (8) and (9)

Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213

Mendez vs. Sharia District Court, G.R. No. 201614,

January 12, 2016

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B.M. NO. 1625 -Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v DFA, March 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent

FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)

cf. RPC 349
SSS vs. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Republic vs. Sareogon, G.R. No. 199194, Feb. 10, 2016

J. Forfeiture and Delivery of Presumptive Legitimes

K. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment

NCC 15, 17 (3)

 FC 26

Arca vs Javier, July 31, 1954

Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Roehr v Rodriguez, GR 142820, June 30, 2003.
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan vs. Ca, G.R. No. 167109, February 6, 2007
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Catalan v Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012
Lavadia v Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Noveras v Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014
Edelina T. Ando v DFA, G.R. No. 195432, Aug. 27, 2014
Medina vs. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016

L. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability

FC Arts. 4, 35, 38, 16, 41

NCC 84, RPC 351-352 repealed by RA 10655, March 13,
2015, FC 167-169

People v De Guzman, GR 185843, March 3, 2010

Ronulo vs People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014

R.A. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching

Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals

R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended

by RA 10364

People vs. Villanueva, 210798, Sept. 14, 2016

VI. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce

 Benedicto v. De la Rama 3 Phil 34

1. Separation in fact/abandonment, FC 238-239, 100, 101

Villanueva v Chiong, GR 159889, June 5, 2008

2. Agreements to separate, FC 1, NCC 221 (1)

Espinosa v Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October, 12, 2011

3. Absolute divorce

(a) Divorce under the Family Code

FC 26, paragraph 2
Gorayeb v Hashim, 50 Phil. 22
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Medina vs. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016

(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC 45-55

Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011

Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Pacasum v Zamoranos, G.R. No. 193719, March 21,
2017 (en banc)

B. Concept of legal separation

1. Grounds for legal separation Art. 55 FC, RA 9262,

compare with NCC 97

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion

FC 55(8)
NCC 36
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or

homosexuality

FCC 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC 46(4)

Almelor v RTC, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008

Campos v Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, Feb. 08, 2012

(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse

FC 55(9), compare with NCC 97(2)

Rep. Act 9262

(d) Abandonment

FC Art. 55 (10)
FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact
Partosa-Jo v. CA, G.R. No. 82606, Dec. 18, 1992
Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(e) Other grounds

FC 55 (1)
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011

2. Who can ask for legal separation

FC 55, compare with NCC 99

3. When may petition be filed

FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99

People v. Zapata 88 Phil 688

4. Court procedure in legal separation

 FC 58-60;
Sec. 19 and Sec. 33, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

Araneta vs Concepcion, 99 Phil 709

Ocampo v Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Somosa vs Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Gandionco v. Pearanda 155 SCRA 725
Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321

5. Effect of pendency of the petition, FC 61-62

De la Via v. Villareal 41 Phil 13

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

(d) Support and pendente lite

FC 62 cf. FC 49, FC 198

Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404
De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Araneta v. Concepcion 99 Phil 709
Lerma v. CA 61 SCRA 440

6. Defenses in actions for legal separation FC Art. 56

(a) Consent

FC 56(2); NCC 100

People v. Sansano 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413

(b) Condonation

FC 56(1)
Ginez v. Bugayong 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination

FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Ong vs Ong, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006
 (d) Collusion/Mutual Consent

FC 60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(2)
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413
Ocampo v. Florenciano 107 Phil 35
Republic v CA, November 12, 2012

(e) Prescription, FC Art. 57

7. Effects of decree of legal separation, FC Art. 68

(a) On personal relations, FC 63 (1), 68

(b) On the custody of children

FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

(c) On property relations

FC 63(2), FC 64, FC Art. 102 (4), 129 (7), 43

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908,
August 03, 2015

(d) On support, FC 198

(e) On the use of surname, NCC 372

Laperal v. Republic 116 Phil 672

(f) On hereditary rights, FC 63(4)

(g) Other Effects, FC 64, 198

(h) Solo Parents Act RA 8972

8. Reconciliation, FC 65-67, cf 141

9. Effect of death of one of the parties

Lapuz vs. Eufemio 43 SCRA 314