Solutions Manual for Canadian Human Resource

Management A Strategic Approach Canadian 10th Edition by

Schwind
Download full : HERE
Solutions Manual for Canadian Human Resource
Management A Strategic Approach Canadian 10th Edition by
Schwind
information about hanoi

Hanoi (UK: /hæˈnɔɪ/,[3] US: /hɑː-/;[4] Vietnamese: Hà Nội

[hàː nôjˀ] (About this soundlisten))[5] is Vietnam's capital
and second largest city by population (7.7 million in 2015).
The city mostly lies on the right bank of the Red River.
Hanoi is 1,720 km (1,070 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City
and 105 km (65 mi) west of Haiphong.

From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political

centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial
capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–
1945). In 1873 Hanoi was conquered by the French. From
1883 to 1945, the city was the administrative center of the
colony of French Indochina. The French built a modern
administrative city south of Old Hanoi, creating broad,
perpendicular tree-lined avenues of opera, churches,
public buildings, and luxury villas, but they also destroyed
large parts of the city, shedding or reducing the size of lakes
and canals, while also clearing out various imperial palaces
and citadels.

From 1940 to 1945 Hanoi, as well as most of French

Indochina and Southeast Asia, was occupied by the
Japanese empire. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh
proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North
Vietnam). The Vietnamese National Assembly under Ho
Chi Minh decided on January 6, 1946, to make Hanoi the
capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. From 1954
to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became
the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's
victory in the Vietnam War.

October 2010 officially marked 1,000 years since the

establishment of the city.[6] The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic
Mural is a 6.5 km (4.0 mi) ceramic mosaic mural created to
mark the occasion.
Hanoi had many official and unofficial names throughout
history.
During the Chinese occupation of Vietnam, it was known
first as Long Biên (龍邊, "dragon edge"), then Tống Bình
(宋平, "Song peace") and Long Đỗ (龍肚, "dragon belly").
Long Biên later gave its name to the famed Long Biên
Bridge, built during French colonial times, and more
recently to a new district to the east of the Red River.
Several older names of Hanoi feature long (龍, "dragon"),
linked to the curvy formation of the Red River around the
city, which was symbolized as a dragon.[7]
In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (大
羅, "big net"). This gave it the nickname La Thành (羅城,
"net citadel"). Both Đại La and La Thành are names of
major streets in modern Hanoi.
When Lý Thái Tổ established the capital in the area in
1010, it was named Thăng Long (昇龍, "rising dragon").
Thăng Long later became the name of a major bridge on
the highway linking the city center to Noi Bai Airport, and
the Thăng Long Boulevard expressway in the southwest of
the city center. In modern time, the city is usually referred
to as Thăng Long – Hà Nội, when its long history is
discussed.
During the Hồ dynasty, it was called Đông Đô (東都,
"eastern metropolis").
During the Ming Chinese occupation, it was called Đông
Quan (東關, "eastern gate").
During the Lê dynasty, Hanoi was known as Đông Kinh (
東京, "eastern capital"). This gave the name to Tonkin and
Gulf of Tonkin. A square adjacent to the Hoàn Kiếm lake
was named Đông Kinh Nghĩa Thục after the reformist
Tonkin Free School under French colonization.
After the end of the Tây Sơn had expanded further south,
the city was named Bắc Thành (北城, "northern citadel").

Minh Mạng renamed the city Hà Nội (河內, "inside (the)

river") in 1831. This has remained its official name until
modern times.
Several unofficial names of Hanoi include: Kẻ Chợ
(marketplace), Tràng An (long peace), Hà Thành (short for
Thành phố Hà Nội, "city of Hanoi"), and Thủ Đô
(capital).Pre-Thăng Long period
Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. The Cổ
Loa Citadel in Dong Anh district[8] served as the capital of
the Âu Lạc kingdom founded by the Thục emigrant Thục
Phán after his 258 BC conquest of the native Văn Lang.

In 197 BC, Âu Lạc Kingdom was annexed by Nanyue,

which ushered in more than a millennium of Chinese
domination. By the middle of the 5th century, in the center
of ancient Hanoi, the Liu Song Dynasty set up a new district
(縣) called Songping (Tong Binh), which later became a
commandery (郡), including two districts Yihuai (義懷)
and Suining (綏寧) in the south of the Red River (now Từ
Liêm and Hoài Đức districts) with a metropolis (the
domination centre) in the present inner Hanoi. By the year
679, the Tang dynasty changed the region's name into
Annan (Pacified South), with Songping as its capital.[9]

In order to defeat the people's uprisings, in the later half of

the 8th century, Zhang Boyi (張伯儀), a Tang dynasty
viceroy, built Luocheng (羅城, La Thanh or La citadel,
from Thu Le to Quan Ngua in present-day Ba Dinh
precinct). In the earlier half of the 9th century, it was
further built up and called Jincheng (金城, Kim Thanh or
Kim Citadel). In 866, Gao Pian, the Chinese Jiedushi,
consolidated and named it Daluocheng (大羅城, Dai La
citadel, running from Quan Ngua to Bach Thao), the
largest citadel of ancient Hanoi at the time.[9]Thăng Long,
Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh
In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty,
moved the capital of Đại Việt to the site of the Đại La
Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red
River, he renamed the site Thăng Long (昇龍, "Soaring
Dragon") – a name still used poetically to this day. Thăng
Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it
was moved to Thanh Hóa, then known as Tây Đô (西都),
the "Western Capital". Thăng Long then became Đông Đô
(東都), the "Eastern Capital."

In 1408, the Chinese Ming Dynasty attacked and occupied

Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to Dongguan
(Chinese: 東關, Eastern Gateway), or Đông Quan in Sino-
Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the
Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi,[10] who later
founded the Lê Dynasty and renamed Đông Quan Đông
Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. Right after the
end of the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北
城, "Northern Citadel").

During Nguyễn Dynasty and the French colonial period

Grand Palais was built for the Hanoi Exhibition, as the city
became the capital of French Indochina

People in Ha Noi, 1884

The stamp depicting election day in Hà Nội during French
Indochina, around 1910

Ha Noi, New Year's Day, 1973

In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and
moved the capital to Huế, the old name Thăng Long was
modified to become Thăng Long (昇隆, "Soaring
Dragon"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng
renamed it Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River
Interior"). Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and
passed to them ten years later. As Hanoï, it was located in
the protectorate of Tonkin became the capital of French
Indochina after 1887.[10]

During two wars

The city was occupied by the Imperial Japanese in 1940
and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the
Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the
independence of Vietnam. However, the French returned
and reoccupied the city in 1946. After nine years of fighting
between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became
the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954.
During the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities
were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways.
These were all, however, promptly repaired. Following the
end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of a reunified
Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on
2 July 1976.

Modern Hanoi
After the Đổi Mới economic policies were approved in
1986, the Communist Party and national and municipal
governments hoped to attract international investments for
urban development projects in Hanoi.[11] The high-rise
commercial buildings did not begin to appear until ten
years later due to the international investment community
being skeptical of the security of their investments in
Vietnam.[11] Rapid urban development and rising costs
displaced many residential areas in central Hanoi.[11]
Following a short period of economic stagnation after the
1997 Asian financial crisis, Hanoi resumed its rapid
economic growth.[11]

On 29 May 2008, it was decided that Hà Tây Province, Vĩnh

Phúc Province's Mê Linh District and 4 communes of
Lương Sơn District, Hòa Bình Province be merged into the
metropolitan area of Hanoi from 1 August 2008.[12]
Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29
subdivisions[13] with the new population being
6,232,940.,[13] effectively tripling its size. The Hanoi
Capital Region (Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội), a metropolitan area
covering Hanoi and 6 surrounding provinces under its
administration, will have an area of 13,436 square
kilometres (5,188 sq mi) with 15 million people by 2020.

Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently.

Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have
dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a
modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is
ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most
skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi
Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, tallest in Vietnam and second
tallest in southeast Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin
Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, second
tallest in Vietnam).

Public outcry in opposition to the redevelopment of

culturally significant areas in Hanoi persuaded the
national government to implement a low-rise policy
surrounding Hoàn Kiếm Lake.[11] The Ba Đình District is
also protected from commercial redevelopment.[11]