ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF T-BEAMS
CE133 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1: RCD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. NESLYN E. LOPEZ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
12. Relate the code requirements in the design of T-
beams. (CO3)
13. Apply he steps in designing T-beam. (CO3)
T-BEAMS
slabs and beams that are placed monolithically
beams have extra widths at their tops, called flanges
part of a T beam below the slab is referred to as the web or stem
The stirrups in the webs extend up into the slabs
EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF T BEAMS
NEUTRAL AXIS LOCATION
T-Beam Analysis
Rectangular Beam Analysis
BALANCED AND MAXIMUM STEEL AREA
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑠𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝐴𝑠𝑏
DESIGN OF T-BEAMS WITH NEGATIVE MOMENTS
Sec 410.7.6: Where flanges of T-beam construction are in
tension, part of the flexural tension reinforcement shall be
distributed over an effective flange width as defined in Sec
408.11, or a width of equal to 1/10 the span, whichever is
smaller. If the effective flange exceeds 1/10 span, some
longitudinal reinforcement shall be provided in the outer
portion of the flange.
CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS (SEC 408.11)
1. In T-beam construction, the flange and web shall be built integrally
or otherwise effectively bonded together.
2. The width of slab effective as a T-beam shall not exceed ¼ of the
span of the beam, and the effective overhanging flange on each side
of the web shall not exceed:
a) 8 times the slab thickness
b) ½ the clear distance to the next web
CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS (SEC 408.11)
3. For beams with slab on one side only, the effective
overhanging flange shall not exceed:
a) ½ the span length of the beam
b) 6 times the slab thickness
c) ½ the clear distance of the next web
CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS (SEC 408.11)
FOR INTERIOIR BEAM: FOR END BEAM: FOR SYMMETRICAL
bf is the smallest bf is the smallest INTERIOR BEAM
(S1= S2 = S3):
1. L/4 1. L/12 + bw
bf is the smallest
2. 16t + bw 2. 6t + bw
1. L/4
3. S1/2 + S2/2 + bw 3. S3/2 + bw
2. 16t + bw
3. Center-to-center
spacing of beams
CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS (SEC 408.11)
4. Isolated beams in which T-shape are used to provide a flange
for additional compression area shall have a flange thickness
not less than ½ the width of the web and an effective flange
width not more than four times the width of the web.
𝑏𝑤
𝑡≥ 𝑏𝑓 ≥ 4𝑏𝑤
2
CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS (SEC 408.11)
5. Where a primary flexural reinforcement in a slab that is
considered as a T-beam flange is parallel to the beam,
reinforcement perpendicular to the beam shall be provided in
the top of the slab in accordance with the following
a) Transverse reinforcement shall be designed to carry the factored load on the
overhanging slab width assumed to act as a cantilever. For isolated beam, the
full width of the overhanging flange shall be considered. For other T-beams,
only the effective overhanging slab needs to be considered.
b) Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than five times the
slab thickness, nor 450 mm.
PROBLEM 1
Given the following properties of T-beams:
Flange width, bf = 900 mm Concrete strength, f’c = 20.7 MPa
Flange thickness, t = 110 mm Steel strength, fy = 414 MPa
Width of web, bw =310 mm
Effective depth, d = 460 mm
If the beam is reinforced in tension only, determine (a) the balanced steel area
(b) the nominal and ultimate balanced moment capacity (c) the maximum steel
area (d) the nominal and ultimate maximum moment capacity
PROBLEM 2
Determine the ultimate moment capacity of a reinforced
concrete T-beam with the following properties:
Flange width, bf = 1500 mm Concrete strength, f’c = 20.7 MPa
Flange thickness, t = 100 mm Steel strength, fy = 345 MPa
Width of web, bw =250 mm Reinforced with 6-28 mm dia. rebars
Effective depth, d = 600 mm
PROBLEM 3
Design a T-beam for a floor system for which bw = 300 mm and
d = 550 m. The beams are 4.5 m long and spaced at 3 m o.c. The
slab thickness is 100 mm. MD = 450 KN-m (including its own
weight), ML = 350 KN-m, f’c = 27 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
END
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ANALYSIS OF DOUBLY-REINFORCED BEAM
