AIR CARGO MANAGEMENT

5M:

2 Dangerous goods:

Dangerous goods are substances or articles that pose a risk to people, property or the
environment, due to their chemical or physical properties. They are usually classified with
reference to their immediate risk.

 Explosives.
 Gases.
 Flammable Liquids.
 Flammable Solids.
 Oxidizing Substances.
 Toxic & Infectious Substances.
 Radioactive Material.
 Corrosives

3 Un class of dangerous goods:

UN Class Dangerous Goods Classification

6 Toxic substances Infectious substance
7 Radioactive material Radioactive material
8 Corrosive substances Corrosive substance
9 Miscellaneous dangerous goods Miscellaneous dangerous goods

4 Material Safety Data sheet:

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on the
potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the
chemical product.

 SECTION 1 — PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND USE.

 SECTION 2 — HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS.
 SECTION 3 — PHYSICAL DATA.
 SECTION 4 — FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA.
 SECTION 5 — REACTIVITY DATA.
 SECTION 6 — TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES.
 SECTION 7 — PREVENTIVE MEASURES.
 SECTION 8 — FIRST AID MEASURES.

5 Types of packaging used in air and ship cargo:

TYPES OF PACKAGING USED IN OVERSEAS SHIPMENTS BY OCEAN
AND AIR
 FIBREBOARD BOXES (CARDBOARD BOXES) The most common economical
container for shipping continues to be the cardboard box. ...
 CLEATED PLYWOOD BOXES. ...
 STEEL DRUMS. ...
 BARRELS, CASKS OR KEGS. ...
 MULTI-WALL SHIPPING SACKS. ...
 BALES. ...
 PALLETIZING CARGO.

6 Labelling of dangerous goods:

In general, a label is required for any substance, mixture or article classified as a
hazardous chemical under the WHS Regulations. ... DUAL USE PRODUCTS Some
hazardous chemicals may be intended for supply to both the consumer household markets
and workplaces in identical containers and packaging.

7 Material Handling Label:

material handling safety labels warn people of potential hazards related to the processing and
movement of material.This includes warnings related to low clearance, crush hazards, moving
equipment and forklift traffic, tip over and crush hazards, obstacles, lift points, and when not to
use forklifts.All of these labels are meant to help keep people safe around the transportofmaterial

UNIT 4:
1 Types of air container:
AKH air Container-Tools
AKN FSK container – Customised interior, Aircraft wheels
ALF container – Drawer and shelf
AMP container
DPE container
AAP container
AKE container – Sealing provision
AKN FSK container – Aircraft weighing equipments
 2 Types of pallet:
 Air Cargo Pallets. Designed for use with conveyor systems in terminals and in
aircraft. ...
 Contoured Air Cargo Containers. Contoured, semi-structural covers called Type "A"
are used to provide protection for cargo and keep cargo within safe dimensions for
loading in aircraft. ...
 Lower Deck Containers. ...
 Box-Type Containers.
Types of ULDs:
PLA pallet
LD 1 – 4
LD 6 (2*LD3)
LD 26 P1P base
LD 9 (P1P Base)

7 Air cargo handling equipment:

 Air Cargo Handling Systems. Cobra Slave Dolly Transporter. Slave Dollies. Slave
Pallets. Ball Decks & Castor Decks. Manual Roller Conveyors. ...
 Elevators & Service Lifts.
 Freight Hoist Mast Lifts.
 Freight Hoist Scissor Lifts.
 Elevating Dock Scissor Lifts.
 Dock Levellers.
 Elevating Theatre Stages.
 Elevating Ferry Docks.

8 Air Freight Station:

An Air Freight Station (AFS) is an off-airport Common user facility equipped with fixed
installations of minimum requirement and offering services for handling and temporary
storage of import and export cargo etc. An AFS is a counterpart of ICD / CFS for
maritime cargo.

4 Unitization of cargo:
Unitization is essentially grouped or bundled cargo, wrapped into packages and loaded
onto or inside a bigger unit. These bigger units can then be handled by machines such as
forklifts and cranes.

Unit 3:
2 Different types of airway bills:
3 Types of Airway bill:
MAWB – Masters Air Waybill: Is for consolidated shipments – But airlines see this as a single
shipment bill of lading.
HAWB – House Air Waybill: Air Freight Forwarders may issue their own Air Waybills for each
shipments which are similar in layout to IATA’s air waybills. Each customer receives one to identify
his/her consignment.
 NAWB – Neutral Air Waybill: Are exclusively printed and obtained through IATA verification and
clearance. These are approved for computer printers and have the same validity as a MAWB or
HAWB with the assigned air waybill number being provided by the airline.

1 Import and export documents in air transportation:

Common Documents Needed for Air Freight Shipping

 Commercial Invoice. Your shipping documentation should include a commercial
invoice. ...
 Consular Invoice. ...
 Certificate of Origin. ...
 Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) ...
 Bill of Lading. ...
 Export Packing List. ...
 Inspection Certification. ...
 Destination Control Statement.

3 Cargo manifest:

A manifest, customs manifest or cargo document is a document listing

the cargo, passengers, and crew of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, for the use of customs and other
officials. Where such a list is limited to identifying passengers, it is a passenger
manifest or passenger list; conversely, a list limited to identifying cargo is a cargo
manifest or cargo list. The manifest may be used by people having an interest in the transport
to ensure that passengers and cargo listed as having been placed on board the transport at the
beginning of its passage continue to be on board when it arrives at its destination.

7 General cargo rate:

 10 Commodity classification rate:
General cargo rates apply to the carriage of commodities that have not been allocated a
specific commodity rate or commodity classification rate. General cargo rates consist of
minimum rate (M), normal rate (N), and lower charge in higher weight (Q).

13 Valuation charge in airway bill:

Additional insurance charge imposed on the shipper whose cargo has declared value that
exceeds the amount covered under the carrier's limits of liability.

15 Documents required for customs clearance in air cargo:

Documents required for import customs clearance in India
 Bill of Entry:
 Commercial Invoice.
 Bill of Lading / Airway bill :
 Import License.
 Insurance certificate.
 Purchase order/Letter of Credit.
 Technical write up, literature etc. for specific goods if any.
 Industrial License if any.

14 Customs clearance procedure:

Exporter files a Shipping Bill which is assessed by Customs and the goods are also subject to
examination by Customs before LEO (Let Export Order) is given. This document can be filed with
Customs up to 15 days before the goods are actually exported. To encourage exports, the
Government has introduced various export promotion schemes i.e. Drawback, DEEC, DFRC, DEPB,
EPCG, etc. and the exporter can choose to avail any of them. However, certain schemes cast an
export obligation on the exporter for which he is required to execute Bond and Bank Guarantee for a
specific period.

UNIT 2:
1 Air cargo:
Air cargo is any property carried or to be carried in an aircraft. Air cargo comprises air
freight, air express and airmail.

5 IATA:
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the trade association for the world's
airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 82% of total air traffic. We support many areas of
aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical aviation issues.
Role:

 To promote safe, regular and economic air transport

 To foster air commerce
 To study problems connected with airline industry
 To provide a means of collaborating between air transport companies and agencies
 To co-operate with other international air transportation organizations Essentially, IATA is
airlines working together to standardize and improve service internationally Due to the vital role
 played by IATA in air transportation issues, it is recommended that you ensure that your
carrier/forwarder is an IATA agent.

7 Roles and responsibilities of dgca:

EXERCISING OF AIRWORTHINESS REGULATORY CONTROL OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN THE
COUNTRY.
2. LAYING DOWN AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS.
3. LICENSING OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS.
4. ISSUE OF CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT.
5. ISSUE AND REVALIDATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORHTINESS OF AIRCRAFT.
6. APPROVAL OF FIRMS DEALING WITH MANUFACTURE, MAINTENANCE AND OVERHAUL OF
AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENTS
7.INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR DEFECTS.
10. AIRWORTHINESS CONTROL OF VVIP AIRCRAFT.
11. ANTI SABOTAGE CHECKS AND FUEL QUALITY CONTROL CHECK FOR VVIP FLIGHTS.
12. REVIEW OF SERVICE BULLETINS AND AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES AND THEIR COMPLIANCE.

11 ICAO:objectives:
International Civil Aviation Organisation

Strengthening Civil Aviation Institutions

Technology Transfer and Human Resources
Development
Infrastructure and Services
8 Duties of AAI
1. Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and
domestic airports and civil enclaves.
2. Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the
territorial limits of the country, as accepted by ICAO.
3. Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
4. Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and
domestic airports.
5. Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger
terminals at airports.
6. Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons,
Taxiway etc.
7. Provision of visual aids.
8. Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME,
Radar etc.
 UNIT 1:
13 Role of GSA:
GSA are responsible for selling their airline products to travel agents which
includesflights and cargo space.GSA receive a commission of 3–5% per ticket. They play
an important role in helping travel agencies to set up their holiday packages or book flight
tickets for their customers.

3 Types of Airport:
Commercial Service Airports are publicly owned airports that serve aircraft that provide scheduled
passenger service. They have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each year. There are two types of
commercial service airports:
 Nonprimary (having no more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year)
 Primary (having more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year)
Cargo Service Airports are airports that serve aircraft carrying only cargo, with a total annual
"landed weight" of 100 million pounds. "Landed weight" means the weight of aircraft transporting only
cargo. An airport may be both a commercial service and a cargo service airport.
 General Aviation Airports include the remaining airports. This airport type is the largest single group
of airports in the U.S. system.

12 Role of freight forwarder in air cargo:

Giver recommendation to the exporter

Perform freight shipping operation
Documentation In international freight shipping
Keep the shipper notified
Send documents for collection

16 Airline codes:
IATA code – MAWB IATA code IATA airlines
IATA – 001 IATA – AA American Airlines
IATA – 002 IATA – 2G CargoItalia (alternate)
IATA – 005 IATA – CO Continental Airlines
IATA – 006 IATA – DL Delta Air Lines
IATA – 012 IATA – NW Northwest Airlines (alternate site)
IATA – 014 IATA – AC Air Canada
IATA – 016 IATA – UA United Airlines Cargo
IATA – 018 IATA – CP Canadian Airlines Int´l
IATA – 020 IATA – LH Lufthansa Cargo AG
IATA – 023 IATA – FX Fedex
IATA – 027 IATA – AS Alaska Airlines
IATA – 037 IATA – US USAirways
IATA – 042 IATA – RG VARIG Brazilian Airlines
IATA – 043 IATA – KA Dragonair
IATA – 045 IATA – LA LAN Chile
IATA code – MAWB IATA code IATA airlines
IATA – 057 IATA – AF Air France
IATA – 058 IATA – IC Indian Airlines
IATA – 061 IATA – HM Air Seychelles
IATA – 064 IATA – OK Czech Airlines
IATA – 065 IATA – SV Saudi Arabian Airlines
IATA – 070 IATA – RB Syrian Arab Airlines
IATA – 071 IATA – ET Ethiopian Airlines
IATA – 072 IATA – GF Gulf Air
IATA – 074 IATA – KL KLM Cargo
IATA – 075 IATA – IB Iberia
IATA – 076 IATA – ME Middle East Airlines
IATA – 077 IATA – MS Egyptair
IATA – 079 IATA – PR Philippine Airlines
IATA – 098 IATA – AI Air India
IATA – 105 IATA – AY Finnair
IATA – 106 IATA – BW Caribbean Airlines
IATA – 108 IATA – FI Icelandair
IATA – 112 IATA – CK China Cargo Airlines
IATA – 114 IATA – LY EL AL
IATA – 125 IATA – BA British Airways
IATA – 165 IATA – JP Adria Airways
IATA – 172 IATA – CV Cargolux Airlines
IATA – 176 IATA – EK Emirates
IATA – 180 IATA – KE Korean Air
IATA – 214 IATA – PK Pakistan Int´l Airlines
IATA – 217 IATA – TG Thai Airways
IATA – 229 IATA – KU Kuwait Airways
IATA – 230 IATA – CM Copa Airlines Cargo
IATA – 231 IATA – NG Lauda Air
IATA – 232 IATA – MH Malaysian Airline System
IATA – 232 IATA – MH
IATA – 288 IATA – LD Air Hong Kong
IATA – 297 IATA – CI China Airlines
IATA – 301 IATA – 5S Global Aviation and Services
IATA – 302 IATA – OO Sky West Airlines
IATA – 307 IATA – WE Centurion Air Cargo
7 Air freight Carrier:
Definition of air carrier. 1 : an organization transporting passengers and cargo by aircraft
: airline. 2 : an aircraft certificated by a designated governmental agency to carry persons
or cargo for hire.

1 Airport classified:

10 Custodian:
When imported goods are brought into Customs area, until an order of clearance is made by the proper officer of
customs, the goods are taken care of by an authority approved as a custodian.

The responsibility of the custodian commences in respect of imported goods the moment the aircraft is ready for

unloading from the aircraft.

While the imported goods are in the custody of custodian, it has to be ensured that no one removes the

goods from the Customs area without the written permission of the proper officer. The law also prohibits any kind

of dealing with the goods while the imported goods are in the custody of the custodian. “Dealing” for this purpose

would include, opening of packing, repacking, sampling, movement from one spot to another and the like.

10M:

2 Various cargo airlines:

FedX express

Emirates sky cargo

Cathay pacific cargo

Korean air cargo

Lufthansa air cargo

Singapore airlines cargo

Qatar airways cargo

China airlines cargo

5 IATA and ICAO codes of airlines:

9W—JAI—Jet airways

GX—JXX—JetX airways

R5—JAV—Jordan Air lines

KE—KAL—Korean air

LH—GEC—Lufthansa cargo

ME—MEA—Middle East Airlines

IATA codes of international airports:

Australia – Albury—ALX

India—Chennai—MAA

Dubai—Dubai Int airport—DXB

Belgium—Antwerp—ANR

Thailand—Bangkok—BKK

China – Beijing-- NAY

Germany—Cottbus – CBU

USA—Chicago(MIDWAY)—MDW

France—Disneyland Paris—DLP

Canada – Fort Albert—YFA

2 Role of customs broker:

 Act as a liaison between the client and government agencies.

 Make sure shipments meet all legal requirements.
 Put together the necessary paperwork and payments, and submit them to customs authorities.
 Review the classification of goods to make sure that the taxes and duties owed are properly
calculated.
Role of Freight forwarder:

Offering advice to the shipper

Booking freight space on the modes of transportation

Packaging, warehousing, and distribution

Providing insurance service

Perform documentation and customs clearance

6 Role of government in import and export of air cargo:;

Subsidizing Carriers

Trade agreements

Trade Blocs

Free trade zone

Freight benefits

7 Future of aircargo industry:

Owing largely to a period of global economic growth and overall

consumption, air freight had a very profitable year in 2017.

According to an analysis done a little while ago by McKinsey and

Company, air freight volumes have risen by an annual average of
three percent and will continue to rise until 2025, and possibly
through 2030 if conditions hold.

Increased Pressure to go Digital

Traditional air freight forwarders are facing a rise in pressure to go

digital from a number of different fronts.
 from digital forwarding companies that offer solutions for one or two
different areas of the value chain

 from digital forwarders positioning themselves as being able to offer

the same if not better service with higher degrees of customer
satisfaction at a lower price

2 Types of Air freight:

Types of airfreight
 Heavy cargo (HEA),
 Human remains (HUM),
 Live Animals (AVI),
 Dangerous Goods (DGR),
 Diplomatic Cargo Shipments (DIP),
 Perishable Cargo (PER),
 Valuable cargo (VAL).

8 4 areas focus of IATA:

Investment in technology
Effective operations
Efficient infrastructure
Positive economic measures

UNIT 3:

2 Difference between integrated carriers and combination carriers:

Integrated carriers:
Operate door to door freight transportation networks that include own cargo
aircraft ,delivery vehicles, sorting hubs, and advance info systems to provide
international delivery service
Ex: FEDx, UPS, DHL

Combination carriers;
Carries passengers and cargo
Primarily offers point to point service on wholesale basis
Relying on freight forwarders for pickups, delivery, sales to shippers and customers
service.
 4 Factors affecting air freight rates:

 Manpower. The manpower used in air freight is one factor that affects shipping
rates. ...
 Air freight containers. The containers used for shipping through air freightare also
another factor determining rates. ...
 Speed of shipping. Speed is a vital factor affecting air freight shipping rates.

7 Basic principles of air freight:

The following principles are included within international air transport

prices

 Air Freight: International transport price, i.e. the price of transporting goods
from the origin airport to the destination airport.

 Fuel surcharge

 IRC: Insurance Risk

 Customs Clearance: DUA, unified customs document

 Air rate E2/GTC Airport Tax

 Manipulating airport

 Issuing AWB: all costs associated with the issuance of the air waybill or bill
of lading.

 S.R.C: Liability insurance.

 Scanning unknown goods in the terminal (X-rays or other means of physical

examination).

UNIT 5:
1 IATA dangerous goods Regulation:

IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) courses and diplomas help you stay up-to-date with
the latest industry regulations and procedures, and ensure that your dangerous goods shipments
comply with industry standards. Learn how to use our industry-recognized DGR Manual and gain
your certificate to handle dangerous goods shipments.

Some items may endanger the safety of an aircraft or persons on board, and the air
transportation of these dangerous materials can either be forbidden or restricted. We work
closely with local governments and ICAO to develop regulations that are effective and efficient,
and that ensure the safe transport of dangerous goods by air. Our courses focus on best
practices and change management to help you adapt to the increasingly complex air transport
environment.
 4 Oversize cargo handling in airways:
Size weight and dimension
Lashing and lifting
Packaging
Loading and equipment
Dangerous cargo
Flight environment

7 Labeling of dangerous goods:

Specific Type Category A/1A Packing Instructions and Labelling:
 External marking shall be durable, legible, and placed in a location and of such a
size as to be readily visible;
 For packagings with a gross mass of more than 30 kg, the marking (or a duplicate
thereof) shall appear on the top or side of the packaging. For drums and Jerrycans
with a removable head, the markings shall appear on the side;
 For packagings with a gross mass of 30 kg or less, the marking (or a duplicate
thereof) shall appear on the top, side or bottom. For drums and Jerrycans with a
removable head, the markings shall appear on the side or bottom;
 Letters, numerals and symbols comprising the markings shall be at least 12 mm
high, except that the markings on packagings of 30 L maximum capacity or 30 kg
gross mass or less shall be at least 6 mm high and the markings on packagings of 5 L
maximum capacity or 5 kg gross mass or less shall be at least 3 mm high;
 The following outer packing markings are required and shall be displayed in the
following sequence with each of the elements clearly separated from one another:
a) the UN packaging symbol; b) the packaging code listed in UNECE Table 6.1.2.7
and, when applicable, the letter “U” or “W” assigned to the packaging code in
accordance with NSA 5.1.4; c) the text: “CLASS 6.2”; d) the last two digits of the year
of manufacture of the package; e) the three-letter country code “CAN”; f) the name
or symbol of the manufacturer; and g) the Design Registration Number.

8 Pharmaceutical products through airways:

One of those carriers is American Airlines, which opened a $5 million, 25,000-square-foot

temperature-controlled facility at Philadelphia International Airport in June. The facility is
strategically located near pharmaceutical manufacturers along the U.S. East Coast, which
are expanding shipments to emerging markets in South America and other global regions.
The facility can maintain temperatures for medicines and medical devices of 2 to 8 degrees
Celsius and boasts a 6,000-square-foot Control Room Temperature to keep passive
shipments at plus-15 degrees C and plus-25 degrees C; a deep frozen area (FRO) for
shipments between minus-10 degrees C and minus-20 degrees C; and advanced
technology for 24/7 monitoring of products, including proactive alarming, validated to 0.25
degrees C.
 Perishable cargo handling:

Perishable cargo can be defined as goods that will deteriorate over a given period of time or if
exposed to adverse temperature, humidity or other environmental conditions. Foodstuffs, plant
materials, hatching of the IATA Live Animals Regulations be applied. GIL offers perishable cargo
handling services. There are many characteristics of air cargo which make eggs and medical
supplies are typical examples of perishable goods carried regularly as air cargo.

1 Handling equipment’s in air cargo:

Various products include ball & cube transfers, load restraint bars, casters, decks, fiberglass
gratings, flexible conveyers, lifts, dollies, pallet jacks, locks, roller forks, scales, slave pallets,
generators, loading dock levellers & hydraulic motors.

5 Air cargo Service in warehouse:

 Cross-dock count and condition verification

 Full range of receiving, inspection, and verification services
 Consolidation
 Packing / Repacking
 In-house carpentry and crating
 Climate control
 HAZMAT
 Controlled cargo
 Specialty services

1 Hazardous substance( 5M UNIT 5)

"Hazardous Substances" have the potential to harm human health. They may be solids,
liquids or gases; they may be pure substances or mixtures. ... There are many industrial,
laboratory and agricultural chemicals which are classified ashazardous. Hazardous
substances may cause immediate or long-term health effects.