University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Crane Girder Details Proper detailing is the key to good fatigue performance The vast majority of crane girder performance issues occur at the crane girder to column connection. Column or Bracket Support + Do not use framed or clip angle type connections. + Extend bearing stiffeners the full height of the girder + Weld to the girder top flange with full penetration welds or welds sized for the wheel loads. + Weld to the girder web and bottom flange with properly sized continuous fillet welds. CmUniversity of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Crane Column Cap Plates + Allow girder end rotation — avoid thick cap plates — place the bolts outside of the column flanges. + Do not use knee braces + Allow for adjustment in placing the crane girder. Tie Back DesignUniversity of Kansas Engineering Conference March 1, 2018 Crane Girder Design Girder Lacing Using a truss to stabilize the top and bottom flange for lateral loads Detail to avoid creating inadvertent continuity in adjacent spans Consider bending in the angles due to relative vertical movement. re Problematic Girder SupportUniversity of Kansas Engineering Conference March 1, 2018 Crane Girder Design Crane Girder Example Cross Section Vieoot 6°— 1 Trai RTE, (are J ast 120University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Building Footprint 60 ft Runway Girder: Center Condition: CRANE GIRDER CRANE GIRDER Use angles to create a truss at the top and bottom of the girders. 2University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Codes, Standards & Ref’s ‘T Building Code:18C 2015 ==~=~S*S*«S + Minimum Design Loads For Buildings And Other Structures (ASCE 7-10) + Guide for the Design and Construction of WT Mill Buildings (AISE Tech Report No. 13, 2003) + Industrial Buildings Roofs to Anchor Rods 2" ed. (AISC Steel Design Guide Number 7, 2004) Design of a Runway Girder Crane capacity = 50 tons (CMAA Class D) Bridge weight = 90.8 kips Trolley and hoist weight = 31.2 kips Wheel load = 78 kips (Maximum with lifted load) Wheel spacing = 11.0 ff. Rail weight = 175 Ibs./yard Vertical impact = 25% of wheel loads Lateral load= 20% of lifted load + trolley and hoist Longitudinal load = 10% of the maximum wheel loads.University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Performance Requirements Crane Girder Deflection Limits = Vertical L800 — Horizontal L/400 Service Life -500,000 cycles CMAA Class D: Load Combinations Strength Design Loads: ASCE 7-10 Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Basic Load Combinations 2)1.2D+1.6L Chapter 12 Section 12.4 Seismic Load Effects, Combinations Sa) (1.2 + 0.2Sp¢)D + pO: + L+.28 8a) (1.2 + 0.2Sps)(D+C,)+ pQe Serviceabilty Vertical wheel loads without impact & 100% lateral load Fatigue Life Design Load wheel loads without impact (one crane) 50% of maximum lateral load (one crane) *University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Seismic Loads — Spectral Acceleration, S,: 1.054 G = Spectral Acceleration, S, 0.400 G — Occupancy Category: " ~ Site Class: D = Importance Factor, | 1.0 (1.1)(1.054)=1.16g Sy, = FS, = (1.60.40) = 0.640 (0.64)=0.43¢ =2( 16)=0.77g Sm 3 - Seismic Design Category = D Design of a Runway Girder Evaluate for Seismic Loads: Design Crane Girder to resist loads based on ASCE 7-10 Chapter 13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components Fy = “epee (1 +22) R (Table 13.5-1 “Other flexible components, High deformability element and attachments) 1,=1.0 (section 13.1.3) 2 =45.9 ft. h=60.0ft. — Sps=.770University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Runway Girder -Seismic ey at Total Bridge + Trolley = 90.8 k + 30.2 k =122 k. .56(122 kips) = 68.3 &. F,/wheel = 17.1 k. (wlt.) 22 = 35.8 kips/wheel (Vertical Load) Bk. =42.0 kip F Crane Girder Design LRFD Design of 60’ Crane Girder Deflection requirements: Locate wheel loads symmetrically placed about the girder centerline. a =24.5 ft. (294 in.) Vertical: L/800 = (60 ft.)(12)/800 = 0.9 in. = 4a?) bY (78)(294) 39849 Amax = Zaceso00y1 3720" — 4(294)2) = [{_ 39849 39849 Jerega! Amax 4277 W40x593 Ix = 50,400in* 2» 10University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Calculate Moments & Forces _1.2D+1.6L: Di. (Girder + Rail + Clamps) = 593+175/3 + 20 = 671 Ibs/ft My, = 1/8)wl? = (1/8)(0.67 kips/ft)(60 ft = 302 k-te My, :See table 3-23 case 44 ' Lt : 1.25 +78 2 Mas = “Foggy (60 11/2)? 2413 kip Myy=L2"Mpy, + 16M yy, = 1.2°802 + 1.6°2413= 1223 ke-ft Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Calculate Moments & Forces 1.2D+1.6L 1.666 May = Feo) (60 — 11/2)*= 261 k-ft. (total) Calculate chord force in trus: 264) = 47 k (top flange) Bending Between the panel points: My = 49 k-ft. (per model) Ml a 2 aiUniversity of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Available Moment: L, See table 3-2 3.9 ft, Ly = 13-4 ft Ly Sly Sl, Therefore use Equation F2 — 2: oy be bp. Mn = Co[Mp — (Mp —.7FySx) —7 JI S Mp rly of11400 = (11400 =.7650) 28%) BB M, = 1.0[11400 ~ (11400 -.760)( F(a y3 pl = 11400 M, = 11255 keft 0M, =.9 + 11255 =10130k-ft Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check combined forces on girder 1.2D+1.6L M1222 373 > OP, = 40.7 + 3.23 + 16.7 =2195k 7 482 9 My =9F,2,/2 = (.9)(50)(481)/2)/12 = 902 kip-tt. 9 My, = 10130 kip-ft. Interaction per AISC Chapter H Py Mt, a hue Muy Zor, * om,, * PM yy sto By 12University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Evaluate for Seismic Loads (Continued 2413 k — ft. (1.25*Wheel load of 156 kips) P,= 69k (For Lat. wheel loads of 10.6 kips) M,,= 49 k— ft. (For Lat. wheel loads of 10.6 kips) Forload Case Sa: (1.2+.2Sps)(D + Cy) + pQe My = (.35)[(302 J+ (35.8/(1.25"156))(2413)]= 1006 k-ft. p OTA) gy Pu Gag 47 = 76 kip (total) My = (171/10.6)49 kip-ft. = 79 k-ft Design of 60 ft Runway Girder For Load Case 5a W40 Crane Girder Interaction per AISC Chapter H 2 13University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check Limit states for: + Shear + Web Local Yielding 10.2 (wheel loads) + Web Local Crippling —J10.3 (wheel loads) + Web Sidesway Buckling J10.4 (wheel loads) Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check Web Local Yielding- AISC J10.2 W40x593 gal 9 Ry= OF pulp (SK #1) 10-2 = (1.0)(50 ksi)(1.79in.)[(5)(4A1 in.) + (12 in.)] = 3047 kips 156 kips < 3047 kips ok 4 x0 ‘Top of Flange ) ac Ey 14University of Kansas Engineering Conference March 1, 2018 Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check Web Local Crippling- AISC J10.3 W40X593 t,=3.23 in., ty = 1.79 in., d= 43.0 in., f, = 12 in. g =.75 tayisy [Eat eee J10-4 oRn= g.8t,? [1 + 3 2215 [exeoacene28) 3.23 Rn =.75 + 8(1.79 [1 +3 (2) 430, @Rn=4184 > 156 k. OK Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check Sidesway Web Buckling AISC J10.4(b) compression flange not restrained against rotation W40x593: h/ty=19.1, — by=16.7in, by = 180in. Of ty)/ yb) = 19.1/(180/16.7) = 1.77 > 1.7 Sidesway web buckling limit state OK » 15University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Laced Crane Girders + Horizontal truss attached to the top flange of the girder and a back up girder to form a truss to stabilize the top flange of the girder — usually economical for spans over 40 feet Horizontal loads for the 60" Girder Lacing + Seismic Loads + Crane Lateral Loads + AIST Bottom flange bracing criteria Crane Girder Lacing Determine brace force: Seismic: lateral crane load: F,=17.1 kips/iwheel 6*6.6=10.6 kips/wheel): 1 ' T Rend=17-1(2)(52.5+41.5)/60=53.6 kips Max. Angle Force P,= 53.6(112/66)=90.9 kips 2 16University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Runway Girder Design Determine brace force: 2.5% of W40 flange force 4 a “ ae i t Average f, in bottom flange= 19.98 ksi (UIt. load level) Brace force = .025f,A =.025(19.98)(3.23 in.)(16.7) = 26.9 kips Applied at mid span Max Angle Force = (26.9/2)(112/66) = 22.8 kips < 90.9 kips Seismic Load Controls Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Angle Strength: L=9.33 ft Try 2L4x4x5/16 AISC Manual Table 4-8: oP, = 100.9 kips > 90.9kips OK 17University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Check Connection for applicable limit states: + Bolt shear (J3.1) + Bolt bearing (J3.10) + Weld and base metal shear rupture (J2.4, J4.2) + Block shear on angle and gusset (4.3) + Tensile rupture on net angle section (D2) + Fatigue per Appendix 3, Design of 60 ft Runway Girder Fatigue Condition: Service Load 50% of max lateral loads (5°66 kips/wheel): t Rpd=3.3(52.5+41 5)/60=5.2 kips Angle Force P,= 5.2(112/66)=+/-8.8 Kips 18University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Fatigue Evaluation Check Connection at the bolt + Base Metal at net section of high strength | rt bolted joints designed ... bearing resistance, but fabricated and installed to all requirements for slip critical connections. Section 2: Stress Category B 12 Fy=16 Ksi Fog = 1000(££)333 > Fy 1,,=500,000 cycles 333 = 28.9 ksi Fatigue Evaluation Check Connection PL. at the bolt: 5/8 x 6" plate (1)1 1/4" dia, A325 Bolt 625(6-1.375) 89 (= (2)(8.8)/2.89=6.1 ksi < 28.9 ksi OK (<16 ksi) Also check net section on the angles 28 19University of Kansas Engineering Conference March 1, 2018 Crane Girder Design Fatigue Evaluation Check connection at the gusset weld Section 5.7 Base Metal and weld metal at transverse end connections of tension- loaded plate elements... (2) Cases require evaluation + Crack initiating from the weld toe + Crack initiating from the weld root Fatigue Evaluation ‘Check connection at the gusset weld (continued) Crack initiating from weld toe Stress Category C G=44 Fy 10 Ksi Fox = 100064) 993 > Fry Foy = 1000525) = 20.7 ksi Crack initiating from weld root Stress Category C” 1000R fit E39 Ry=_ OF ZZWAP) p= y/a 40 20University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Fatigue Evaluation Check connection at the web weld (continued) Section 5 Crack initiating from weld root Stress Category C = 96+ 723125/.625) _ yey as Rar Fon = 1000(.454)(—4—) 333 5/16 fillet weld capacity =9.4ksi(.3125*.7071)=2.08 k/in. 4 ksi (CONTROLS) Elastic analysis of the L shaped weld group f=.7 k/in. Fatigue Evaluation Check fatigue at the welded plate to the girder web and tension flange. os + Impact of the stress riser on the = strong axis bending strength. : Table A-3.1, Section 5.7, ‘Base = = metal of tension loaded plate elements and on girders and rolled beam webs or flanges at toe of transverse fillet welds adjacent to. welded transverse stiffeners.” 2 21University of Kansas March 1, 2018 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design Fatigue Evaluation ae inne TABLE A-&1 (cont) ied Pon Fatigue Design Parameters Fatigue Evaluation Section 5.7 (stress cat. C) C= 44x10, Fry, = 10 ksi f, = Mj/S, = (1931 kip-t)(12)/ 2340 in = 9.9 ksi S 20.6 ksi ok For Comparison without the welded attachment Section 1.1 (stress cat. A) Gy 250K10, Fy = 24 ksi Fog = (250%10°/500,000)93% =36.7 ksi 22University of Kansas March 1, 2018 GIRDER DESIGN CONCLUSION 1. Follow Good Detailing Practices 2. Design for serviceability then strength 3. Evaluate fatigue life per AISC Appendix 3 Engineering Conference Crane Girder Design 23